Gender Differences on the MMPI Across American and Korean Adult and Adolescent Normative Samples

References

• Avila-Espada , A. and Jiménez-Gómez , F. 1996 . “ The Castilian Version of the MMPI–2 in Spain: Development, adaptation, and psychometric properties ” . In International adaptation of the MMPI–2: Research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 305 – 325 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Barrett , P. 2012, March 5 . Factor analysis for binary responses . Retrieved from http://www.aime.ua.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind1203&L=semnet& F=&S=&X=063ABC20E2C43A46EC&P=16295
   Google Scholar
• Bem , S. L. 1993 . The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Porath , Y. S. and Forbey , J. D. 2003 . Non-gendered norms for the MMPI–2. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein , I. H. and Teng , G. 1989 . Factoring items and factoring scales are different: Spurious evidence for multidimensionality due to item categorization . Psychological Bulletin , 105 : 467 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss , D. M. 1995 . Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection . American Psychologist , 50 : 164 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss , D. M. 2001 . Human nature and culture: An evolutionary psychological perspective . Journal of Personality , 69 : 955 – 978 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. 1996 . “ Translation and adaptation of the MMPI–2 for international use ” . In International adaptations of the MMPI–2: Research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 26 – 43 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. , Dahlstrom , W. G. , Graham , J. R. , Tellegen , A. and Kaemmer , B. 1989 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2): Manual for administration and scoring. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. and Pancheri , P. 1976 . A handbook of cross-national MMPI research. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Butcher , J. N. , Williams , C. L. , Graham , J. R. , Archer , R. P. , Tellegen , A. , Ben-Porath , Y. S. and Kaemmer , B. 1992 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , F. M. , Song , W. and Zhang , J. 1996 . “ The Chinese MMPI–2: Research and applications in Hong Kong and the People's Republic of China ” . In International adaptation of the MMPI–2: Research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 137 – 161 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Christoffersson , A. 1975 . Factor analysis of dichotomized variables . Psychometrika , 40 : 5 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , B. , Lee , C. and Chin , W. 1963 . MMPI manual. , Seoul , Korea : Korean Testing Center .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P. Jr. , Terracciano , A. and McCrae , R. R. 2001 . Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 : 322 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlstrom , W. G. , Welsh , G. S. and Dahlstrom , L. E. 1975 . An MMPI handbook: Volume II. Research applications. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Else-Quest , N. M. , Hyde , J. S. , Goldsmith , H. H. and Van Hulle , C. A. 2006 . Gender differences in temperament: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 132 : 33 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feingold , A. 1994 . Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 116 : 429 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrikson , M. , Annas , P. , Fischer , H. and Wik , G. 1996 . Gender and age differences in the prevalence of specific fears and phobias . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 34 : 33 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geary , D. C. 1998 . Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences. , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gorsuch , R. L. 1974 . Factor analysis. , Philadelphia , PA : Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , J. R. 2012 . MMPI–2: Assessing personality and psychopathology. , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Green , S. B. 1983 . Identifiability of spurious factors using linear factor analysis with binary items . Applied Psychological Measurement , 7 : 139 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , K. 1993 . The use of the MMPI–2 in Korea: Inventory adaptation, equivalence evaluation, and initial validation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Han , K. 1996 . “ The Korean MMPI–2 ” . In International adaptations of the MMPI–2: A handbook of research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 88 – 136 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Han , K. , Lim , K. , Lee , J. , Min , B. and Moon , K. 2005, April . Validation of the Korean MMPI–2 using the Korean normative sample. Minneapolis , MN Paper presented at the 40th Annual Workshops and Symposia on Recent Development in the Use of the MMPI–2 and MMPI–A
   Google Scholar
• Han , K. , Moon , K. , Lee , J. and Kim , J. 2011 . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form manual. , Seoul , Korea : Maumsarang .
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway , S. R. and McKinley , J. C. 1940 . A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I . Construction of the schedule. Journal of Psychology , 10 : 249 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Hattie , J. 1984 . An empirical study of various indices for determining unidimensionality . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 19 : 49 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , J. P. and Lynch , M. E. 1983 . “ The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence ” . In Girls at puberty: Biological and psychosocial perspectives , Edited by: Brooks-Gunn , J. and Petersen , A. C. 201 – 228 . New York , NY : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1984 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. , London , , England : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 2010 . Itim International. Retrieved from http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=82#compare
   Google Scholar
• Kim , J. , Han , K. , Lim , J. , Lee , J. , Min , B. and Moon , K. 2005 . Korean MMPI–2 user manual , Seoul , Korea : Maumsarang .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , J. , Han , K. , Lim , J. , Min , B. , Lee , J. and Moon , K. 2005 . Korean MMPI–A user manual. , Seoul , Korea : Maumsarang .
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1983 . Moral stages: A current formulation and a response to critics. , New York , NY : Karger .
   Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy , R. and Archer , R. P. 1999 . A comparison of two interpretive approaches for the MMPI–A structural summary . Journal of Personality Assessment , 73 : 245 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois , J. H. and Downs , C. A. 1980 . Mothers, fathers, and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviors in young children . Child Development , 51 : 1237 – 1247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim , J. and Han , K. 2000 . Adolescent performance on the Korean translation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A) . Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology , 19 : 863 – 872 .
   Google Scholar
• Lim , J. , Han , K. , Min , B. , Lee , J. and Moon , K. 2005, April . Initial findings from the Korean MMPI–A Standardization Study. Minneapolis , MN Paper presented at the 40th Annual Workshops and Symposia on Recent Development in the Use of the MMPI–2 and MMPI–A
   Google Scholar
• Lucio , G. and Reyes-Lagunes , I. 1996 . “ The Mexican version of the MMPI–2 in Mexico and Nicaragua: Translation, adaptation, and demonstrated equivalency ” . In International adaptation of the MMPI–2: Research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 265 – 283 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malamuth , N. M. 1996 . Sexually explicit media, gender differences, and evolutionary theory . Journal of Communication , 46 : 8 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks , P. A. , Seeman , W. and Haller , D. L. 1974 . The actuarial use of the MMPI with adolescents and adults. , Baltimore , MD : Waverly .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , H. and Finn , S. E. 2010 . Masculinity and femininity in the MMPI–2 and MMPI–A. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. 2004 . Human nature and culture: A trait perspective . Journal of Research in Personality , 38 : 3 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae , R. R. and Costa , P. T. 1984 . Emerging lives, enduring dispositions: Personality in adulthood. , Glenview , IL : Scott Foreman .
   Google Scholar
• Parry , C. D. H. and McArdle , J. J. 1991 . An applied comparison of methods for least-squares factor analysis of dichotomous variables . Applied Psychological Measurement , 15 : 35 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penke , L. , Denissen , J. J. A. and Miller , G. F. 2007 . The evolutionary genetics of personality . European Journal of Personality , 21 : 549 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S. H. and Rubel , T. 2005 . Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multimethod studies . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 89 : 1010 – 1028 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servin , A. , Nordenstrom , A. , Larsson , A. and Bohlin , G. 2003 . Prenatal androgens and gender-typed behavior: A study of girls with mild and severe forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia . Developmental Psychology , 39 : 440 – 450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiota , N. K. , Krauss , S. S. and Clark , L. A. 1996 . “ Adaptation and validation of the Japanese MMPI–2 ” . In International adaptations of the MMPI–2: Research and clinical applications , Edited by: Butcher , J. N. 67 – 87 . Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Su , R. , Rounds , J. and Armstrong , P. I. 2009 . Men and things, women and people: A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests . Psychological Bulletin , 135 : 859 – 884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellegen , A. and Ben-Porath , Y. S. 2008 . MMPI–2–RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form): Technical manual , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thornhill , R. and Thornhill , N. W. 1991 . “ Coercive sexuality of men: Is there psychological adaptation to rate? ” . In Sexual coercion , Edited by: Grauerholz , E. and Koralewski , M. A. 91 – 107 . Lexington , MA : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Heijden , P. T. , Egger , J. I. M. and Derksen , J. J. L. 2010 . Comparability of scores on the MMPI–2–RF scales generated with the MMPI–2 and MMPI–2–RF booklets . Journal of Personality Assessment , 92 : 254 – 259 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters , N. P. and Trevelyan , E. N. 2011, November . American Community Survey briefs: The newly arrived foreign-born population of the United States: 2010 , Washington , DC : U.S. Census Bureau . (ACSBR/10-16) Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs?acsbr10-16.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Williams , C. L. , Butcher , J. N. , Ben-Porath , Y. S. and Graham , J. R. 1992 . MMPI–A content scales: Assessing psychopathology in adolescents. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar