References
- Antonovsky , A. 1987 . Unraveling the mystery of health , San Francisco , CA : Jossey Bass .
- Baker , F. B. 2001 . The basics of item response theory (2nd ed) , College Park, MD: University of Maryland, ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation .
- Bock , R. D. and Aitkin , M. 1981 . Marginal maximum likelihood estimation of item parameters: Application of an EM algorithm . Psychometrika , 46 : 443 – 458 .
- Bonacchi , A. , Miccinesi , G. , Galli , S. , Chiesi , F. , Martire , M. , Guazzini , M. and Primi , C. 2012 . The dimensionality of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence scales . Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology , 19 : 115 – 134 . doi: 10.4473/TPM19.2.4
- Carver , C. S. , Scheier , M. F. , Miller , C. J. and Fulford , D. 2009 . “ Optimism ” . In Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.) , Edited by: Lopez , S. J. and Snyder , C. R. 303 – 311 . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press .
- Chang , E. C. , D’Zurilla , T. J. and Maydeu-Olivares , A. 1994 . Assessing the dimensionality of optimism and pessimism using a multimeasure approach . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 18 : 143 – 160 .
- Chang , E. C. , Maydeu-Olivares , A. and D’Zurilla , T. J. 1997 . Optimism and pessimism as partially independent constructs: Relationship to positive and negative affectivity and psychological well-being . Personality & Individual Differences , 23 : 433 – 440 .
- Drasgow , F. , Levine , M. V. , Tsien , S. , Williams , B. A. and Mead , A. D. 1995 . Fitting polytomous item response theory models to multiple-choice tests . Applied Psychological Measurement , 19 : 143 – 165 . doi: 10.1177/ 014662169501900203
- Embretson , S. E. and Reise , S. P. 2000 . Item response theory for psychologists , Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
- Hambleton , R. K. , Swaminathan , H. and Rogers , H. J. 1991 . Fundamentals of item response theory , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
- Herzberg , P. Y. , Glaesmer , H. and Hoyer , J. 2006 . Separatism optimism and pessimism: A robust psychometric analysis of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT–R) . Psychological Assessment , 18 : 433 – 238 . doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.433
- Hirsch , J. K. , Britton , P. C. and Conner , K. R. 2010 . Reliability of the Life Orientation Test–Revised in treated opiate-dependent patients . International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction , 8 : 423 – 431 . doi: 10.1007/s11469-009-9224-2
- Kline , R. B. 1998 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , New York , NY : Guilford .
- Kubzansky , L. D. , Kubzansky , P. E. and Maselko , J. 2004 . Optimism and pessimism in the context of health: Bipolar opposites or separate constructs? . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 30 : 943 – 956 .
- Majer , J. M. , Jason , L. A. and Olson , B. D. 2004 . Optimism, abstinence self-efficacy, and self-mastery: A comparative analysis of cognitive resources . Assessment , 11 : 57 – 63 . doi: 10.1177/1073191103257139
- Marshall , G. N. and Lang , E. L. 1990 . Optimism, self-mastery, and symptoms of depression in women professionals . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 132 – 139 .
- Miller , D. N. , Gilman , R. and Martens , M. P. 2008 . Wellness promotion in the schools: Enhancing student's mental and physical health . Psychology in the School , 45 : 5 – 15 .
- Muthén , L. K. and Muthén , B. O. 2004 . Mplus: The comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers: User's guide (3rd ed.) , Los Angeles , CA : Muthén & Muthén .
- Nering , M. L. and Ostini , R. 2010 . Handbook of polytomous item response theory models. , New York , NY : Routledge .
- Pearlin , L. and Schooler , C. 1978 . The structure of coping . Journal of Health and Social Behaviour , 19 : 2 – 21 .
- Peterson , C. 2000 . The future of optimism . American Psychologist , 55 : 44 – 55 . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44
- Peterson , C. , Seligman , M. E. P. and Vaillant , G. 1988 . Pessimistic explanatory style as a risk factor for physical illness: A thirty-five year longitudinal study . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 : 23 – 27 .
- Rauch , W. A. , Schweizer , K. and Moosbrugger , H. 2007 . Method effects due social desirability as a parsimonious explanation of the deviation from unidimensionality in LOT–R scores . Personality and Individual Differences , 42 : 1592 – 1607 . doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.035
- Reilley , S. P. , Geers , A. L. , Lindsay , D. L. , Deronde , L. and Dember , W. N. 2005 . Convergence and predictive validity in measures of optimism and pessimism: Sequential studies . Current Psychology , 24 : 43 – 59 .
- Reise , S. P. and Waller , N. G. 2009 . Item response theory and clinical measurement . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology , 5 : 25 – 46 .
- Richardson , C. G. and Ratner , P. A. 2005 . Sense of coherence as a moderator of the effects of stressful life events on health . Journal of Epidemiology Community Health , 59 : 979 – 984 .
- Roysamb , E. and Strype , J. 2002 . Optimism and pessimism: Underlying structure and dimensionality . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 21 : 1 – 19 .
- Ruini , C. , Ottolini , F. , Rafanelli , C. , Ryff , C. D. and Fava , G. S. 2003 . La validazione italiana della Psychological Well-being Scales (PWB) . Rivista di Psichiatria , 3 : 117 – 130 . [Validation of the Italian version of the Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB)]
- Ruthig , J. C. , Chipperfield , J. G. , Bailis , D. S. and Perry , R. P. 2008 . Perceived control and risk characteristics as predictors of older adults’ health risk estimates . Journal of Social Psychology , 148 : 667 – 688 . doi: 10.3200/SOCP.148.6
- Ryff , C. D. 1989 . Beyond Ponce De Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging . International Journal of Behavior Development , 12 : 35 – 55 .
- Samejina , F. 1969 . Estimation of latent ability using response pattern of graded scores , Richmond , VA : Psychometric Society . (Psychometric Monograph No. 17)
- Scheier , M. F. and Carver , C. S. 1985 . Optimism, coping and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies . Health Psychology , 4 : 219 – 247 .
- Scheier , M. F. and Carver , C. S. 1992 . Effect of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 16 : 201 – 228 . doi: 10.1007/BF01173489
- Scheier , M. F. , Carver , C. S. and Bridges , M. W. 1994 . Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 1063 – 1078 . doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063
- Scheier , M. F. , Carver , C. S. and Bridges , M. W. 2001 . “ Optimism, pessimism, and psychology well-being ” . In Optimism & pessimism: Implication for theory, research and practice , Edited by: Chang , E. C. 189 – 216 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
- Scheier , M. F. , Weintraub , J. K. and Carver , C. S. 1986 . Coping with stress: Divergent strategies of optimism and pessimism . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1257 – 1264 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51
- Segerstrom , S. C. , Evans , D. R. and Eisenlour-Moul , T. A. 2011 . Optimism and pessimism dimension in the Life Orientation Test–Revised: Method and meaning . Journal of Research in Personality , 45 : 126 – 129 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpre.2010.11.007
- Stack , S. 2001 . MODFIT: A computer program for model-data fit. , Urbana-Champaign , IL : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Retrieved from http://work.psych.uiuc.edu/irt
- Thissen , D. 1991 . MULTILOG user's guide , Chicago , IL : Scientific Software International .
- Thomas , M. L. 2011 . The value of item response theory in clinical assessment: A review . Assessment , 18 : 291 – 307 . doi: 10.1177/1073191110374797