Nonpathological and Pathological Narcissism: Which Self-Reported Characteristics Are Most Problematic in Adolescents?

References

• Ackerman , R. A. , Witt , E. A. , Donnellan , M. B. , Trzesniewski , K. H. , Robins , R. W. and Kashy , D. A. 2011 . What does the Narcissistic Personality Inventory really measure? . Assessment , 18 : 67 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. , Frick , P. J. , Adler , K. K. and Grafeman , S. J. 2007 . The predictive utility of narcissism among children and adolescents: Evidence for a distinction between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 16 : 508 – 521 .
   Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. , Frick , P. J. and Killian , A. L. 2003 . The relation of narcissism and self-esteem to conduct problems in children: A preliminary investigation . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 32 : 139 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. , Grafeman , S. J. , Adler , K. K. and Pickard , J. D. 2007 . The relations among narcissism, self-esteem, and delinquency in a sample of at-risk adolescents . Journal of Adolescence , 30 : 933 – 942 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. and Malkin , M. L. 2010 . The relation between adolescent narcissism and internalizing problems depends on the conceptualization of narcissism . Journal of Research in Personality , 44 : 684 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. , Pickard , J. D. and Ansel , L. L. 2009 . The associations of adolescent invulnerability and narcissism with problem behaviors in at-risk adolescents . Personality and Individual Differences , 47 : 577 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , C. T. and Wallace , M. T. 2010 . Current considerations in the assessment of youth narcissism: Indicators of pathological and normative development . Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , 32 : 479 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burwell , R. A. and Shirk , S. R. 2006 . Self processes in adolescent depression: The role of self-worth contingencies . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 16 : 479 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain , N. M. , Pincus , A. L. and Ansell , E. B. 2008 . Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis . Clinical Psychology Review , 28 : 638 – 656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , D. S. and Ageton , S. S. 1980 . Reconciling race and class differences in self-reported and official estimates of delinquency . American Sociological Review , 45 : 95 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. 1984 . Factor analysis and construct validation of the narcissistic personality inventory . Journal of Personality Assessment , 48 : 291 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons , R. A. 1987 . Narcissism: Theory and measurement . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 11 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golmaryami , F. N. and Barry , C. T. 2010 . The associations of self-reported and peer-reported relational aggression with narcissism and self-esteem among adolescents in a residential setting . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , 39 : 128 – 133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , P. L. and Lapsley , D. K. 2011 . “ Adaptive and maladaptive narcissism in adolescent development ” . In Narcissism and Machiavellianism in youth: Implications for the development of adaptive and maladaptive behavior , Edited by: Barry , C. T. , Kerig , P. K. , Stellwagen , K. K. and Barry , T. D. 89 – 106 . Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , P. L. and Roberts , B. W. 2011 . “ Examining “developmental me”: A review of narcissism as a life span construct ” . In The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder , Edited by: Campbell , W. K. and Miller , J. D. 191 – 201 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , M. 1957 . “ Envy and gratitude ” . In Envy and gratitude and other works 1946–1963 , Edited by: Money-Kyrle , R. 176 – 236 . New York , NY : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kohut , H. 1977 . The restoration of the self , New York , NY : International Universities Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lapsley , D. K. and Aalsma , M. C. 2006 . An empirical typology of narcissism and mental health in late adolescence . Journal of Adolescence , 29 : 53 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsee , M. A. , Kimonis , E. R. and Frick , P. J. 2004 . Peer Conflict Scale. Unpublished measure
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , K. , Donnellan , M. B. , Hopwood , C. J. and Ackerman , R. A. 2011 . The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory . Personality and Individual Differences , 50 : 577 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. and Campbell , W. K. 2008 . Comparing clinical and social-personality conceptualizations of narcissism . Journal of Personality , 76 : 449 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. D. and Campbell , W. K. 2011 . “ Addressing criticisms of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) ” . In The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder , Edited by: Campbell , W. K. and Miller , J. D. 146 – 152 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Morf , C. C. and Rhodewalt , F. 2001 . Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model . Psychological Inquiry , 12 : 177 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor , B. P. 2000 . SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test . Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers , 32 : 396 – 402 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pincus , A. L. , Ansell , E. B. , Pimentel , C. A. , Cain , N. M. , Wright , A. G. C. and Levy , K. N. 2009 . Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory . Psychological Assessment , 21 : 365 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus , A. L. and Roche , M. J. 2011 . “ Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability ” . In The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder , Edited by: Campbell , W. K. and Miller , J. D. 31 – 40 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Raskin , R. N. and Hall , C. S. 1979 . A narcissistic personality inventory . Psychological Reports , 45 : 590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskin , R. N. and Terry , H. 1988 . A principal-components analysis of the narcissistic inventory and further evidence of its construct validity . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 890 – 902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , C. R. and Kamphaus , R. W. 2004 . BASC–2: Behavioral assessment system for children: Second edition manual , Circle Pines , MN : American Guidance Service .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , B. W. , Edmonds , G. and Grijalva , E. 2010 . It is developmental me, not generation me: Developmental changes are more important than generational changes in narcissism—Commentary on Trzesniewski & Donnellan (2010) . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 5 : 97 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche , M. J. , Pincus , A. L. , Lukowitsky , M. R. , Ménard , K. S. and Conroy , D. E. 2013 . An integrative approach to the assessment of narcissism . Journal of Personality Assessment , 95 : 237 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and the adolescent self-image , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal , S. A. and Hooley , J. M. 2010 . Narcissism assessment in social-personality research: Does the association between narcissism and psychological health result from a confound with self-esteem? . Journal of Research in Personality , 44 : 453 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal , S. A. , Montoya , R. M. , Ridings , L. E. , Rieck , S. M. and Hooley , J. M. 2011 . Further evidence of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory's validity problems: A meta-analytic investigation—Response to Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue) . Journal of Research in Personality , 45 : 408 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twenge , J. M. 2006 . Generation Me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled—and more miserable than ever before , New York , NY : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Twenge , J. M. 2011 . “ Narcissism and culture ” . In The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder , Edited by: Campbell , W. K. and Miller , J. D. 202 – 209 . Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Washburn , J. J. , McMahon , S. D. , King , C. A. , Reinecke , M. A. and Silver , C. 2004 . Narcissistic features in young adolescents: Relations to aggression and internalizing symptoms . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 33 : 247 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wink , P. 1991 . Two faces of narcissism . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 590 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeigler-Hill , V. , Clark , C. B. and Pickard , J. D. 2008 . Narcissistic subtypes and contingent self-esteem: Do all narcissists base their self-esteem on the same domains? . Journal of Personality , 76 : 753 – 774 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar