The Core Self-Evaluation Scale: Psychometric Properties of the German Version in a Representative Sample

References

• Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A., Duez, N. J., … de Haes, J. C. (1993). The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ–C30: A quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85, 365–376. doi:10.1093/jnci/85.5.365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albrecht, A. G., Paulus, F. M., Dilchert, S., Deller, J., & Ones, D. S. (2013). Construct- and criterion-related validity of the German Core Self-Evaluations Scale. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 12, 85–91. doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the Sense of Coherence Scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36, 725–733. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, H., & Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M. (1998). Multi-group latent variable models for varying number of items and factors with cross-national and longitudinal applications. Marketing Letters, 9, 21–35.
   Google Scholar
• Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Core self-evaluations: A review of the trait and its role in job satisfaction and job performance. European Journal of Personality, 17, S5–S18. doi:10.1002/per.481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, R., Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2003). The measurement and valuation of health status using EQ-5D: A European perspective. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Brunborg, G. S. (2008). Core self-evaluations: A predictor variable for job stress. European Psychologist, 13, 96–105. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.96
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, C. H., Lance Ferris, D., Johnson, R. E., Rosen, C. C., & Tan, J. A. (2012). Core self-evaluations: A review and evaluation of the literature. Journal of Management, 38, 81–128. doi:10.1177/0149206311419661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DESTATIS. (2013). Population statistics. Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved from https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/AltersgruppenFamilienstand.html
   Google Scholar
• Di Fabio, A., & Busoni, L. (2009). Proprietà psicometriche della versione italiana della Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) con studenti di scuola secondaria [Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) with high school students]. Counseling Giornale Italiano di Ricerca e Applicazioni, 2, 73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Di Fabio, A., Palazzeschi, L., & Bar-On, R. (2012). The role of personality traits, core self-evaluation, and emotional intelligence in career decision-making difficulties. Journal of Employment Counseling, 49, 118–129. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2012.00012.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot, A. J., & Trash, T. M. (2002). Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 804–818. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Ríos, L., & Novo, M. (2012). Positive psychology: Zeitgeist (or spirit of the times) or ignorance (or disinformation) of history? International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 12, 333–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris, D. L., Rosen, C. R., Johnson, R. E., Brown, D. J., Risavy, S. D., & Heller, D. (2011). Approach or avoidance (or both?): Integrating core self-evaluations within an approach/avoidance framework. Personnel Psychology, 64, 137–161. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01204.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., & Elliot, A. J. (2003). Evidence for bivariate systems: An empirical test of appetition and aversion across domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 349–372. doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00580-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, D. G., & Pierce, J. L. (2010). The core self-evaluation scale: Further construct validation evidence. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70, 291–304. doi:10.1177/0013164409344505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregorich, S. E. (2006). Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework. Medical Care, 44, 78–94. doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000245454.12228.8f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grisslich, P., Proske, A., & Körndle, A. (2012). Beyond work and life: What role does time for oneself play in work-life balance? Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 20, 166–177. doi:10.1026/0943-8149/a000076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilmann, T., & Jonas, K. (2010). Validation of a German language core self-evaluation scale. Social Behavior and Personality, 38, 209–226. doi:10.2224/sbp.2010.38.2.209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280–1300. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbert, A., Braehler, E., Haeuser, W., & Zenger, M. (2014). Weight bias internalization, core self-evaluation, and health in overweight and obese persons. Obesity, 22, 79–85. doi:10.1002/oby.20561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschi, A., & Herrmann, A. (2012). Vocational identity achievement as a mediator of presence of calling and life satisfaction. Journal of Career Assessment, 20, 309–321. doi:10.1177/1069072711436158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, D. T., & Jung, H. H. (2008). Development of a Korean version of a Core Self-Evaluation Scale. Psychological Reports, 103, 415–425. doi:10.2466/PR0.103.2.415-425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerusalem, M. (1993). Personal resources, environmental constraints, and adaptational processes: The predictive power of a theoretical stress model. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 15–24. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90170-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. E., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2008). Getting to the core of core self-evaluation: A review and recommendations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 391–413. doi:10.1002/job.514
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovic, V., & Gavrilov-Jerkovic, V. (2013). Dimensionality and validity of the Serbian version of the Life Orientation Test–Revised in a sample of youths. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 771–782. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9354-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2002). Are measures of self-esteem, neuroticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 693–710. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.3.693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The core self-evaluation scale: development of a measure. Personnel Psychology, 56, 303–331. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00152.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Van Vianen, A. E. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2004). Emotional stability, core self-evaluations, and job outcomes: A review of the evidence and agenda for future research. Human Performance, 17, 325–346. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1703_4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatepe, O. M. (2011). Core self-evaluations, exhaustion, and job outcomes: A study of frontline hotel employees in Iran. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11, 248–257. doi:10.1177/1467358411418898
   Google Scholar
• Koumoundourou, G. A., Kounenou, K., & Siavara, E. (2012). Core self-evaluations, career decision self-efficacy, and vocational identity among Greek adolescents. Journal of Career Development, 39, 269–286. doi:10.1177/0894845310397361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ–9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 146, 317–325. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kröninger-Jungaberle, H., & Grevenstein, D. (2013). Development of salutogenetic factors in mental health: Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence and Bandura's self-efficacy related to Derogatis’ Symptom Checklist (SCL–90–R). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11, 80. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating between internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15–63). New York, NY: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Lindwall, M., Barkoukis, V., Grano, C., Lucidi, F., Raudsepp, L., Liukkonen, J., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2012). Method effects: The problem with negatively versus positively keyed items. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 196–204. doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.645936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, T. D., Slegers, D. W., & Card, N. A. (2006). A non-arbitrary method of identifying and scaling latent variables in SEM and MACS models. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 59–72. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1301_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, S. J., Snyder, C. R., & Rasmussen, H. N. (2003). Striking a vital balance: Developing a complementary focus on human weakness and strength through positive psychological assessment. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 3–20). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Luria, G., & Torjman, A. (2009). Resources and coping with stressful events. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 685–707. doi:10.1002/job.551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W., Scalas, L. F., & Nagengast, B. (2010). Longitudinal tests of competing factor structures for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Traits, ephemeral artefacts, and stable response styles. Psychological Assessment, 22, 366–381. doi:10.1037/a0019225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32, 396–402. doi:10.3758/BF03200807
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piccolo, R. F., Judge, T. A., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, N., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self- evaluations in Japan: Relative effects on job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 965–984. doi:10.1002/job.358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quilty, L. C., Oakman, J. M., & Risko, E. (2006). Correlates of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale method effects. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 99–117. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1301_5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey, L., Extremera, N., & Durán, A. (2012). Core self-evaluations, meta-mood experience, and happiness: Tests of direct and moderating effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 207–212. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health—Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson.
   Google Scholar
• Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonton, D. K., & Baumeister, R. F. (2005). Positive psychology at the summit. Review of General Psychology, 9, 99–102. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmetz, H., Schmidt, P., Tina-Booh, A., Wieczorek, S., & Schwartz, S. H. (2009). Testing measurement invariance using multigroup CFA: Differences between educational groups in human values measurement. Quality & Quantity, 43, 599–616. doi:10.1007/s11135-007-9143-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stumpp, T., Hülsheger, U. R., Muck, P. M., & Maier, G. W. (2009). Expanding the link between core self-evaluations and affective job attitudes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18, 148–166. doi:10.1080/13594320802281110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stumpp, T., Muck, P. M., Hülsheger, U. R., Judge, T. A., & Maier, G. W. (2010). Core self-evaluations in Germany: Validation of a German measure and its relationships with career success. Applied Psychology, 59, 674–700. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00422.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsaousis, I., Nikolaou, I., Serdaris, N., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Do the core self-evaluations moderate the relationship between subjective well-being and physical and psychological health? Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1441–1452. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velicer, W. F. (1976). Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations. Psychometrika, 41, 321–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yagil, D., Luria, G., & Gal, I. (2008). Stressors and resources in customer service roles. Exploring the relationship between core self-evaluations and burnout. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 19, 575–595. doi:10.1108/09564230810903479
   Google Scholar