1,219
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Estimating the Effects of Thematic Apperception Test Card Content on SCORS–G Ratings: Replication With a Nonclinical Sample

, , , , &
Pages 598-607 | Received 23 Dec 2014, Published online: 21 Apr 2016

References

  • Alvarado, N. (1994). Empirical validity of the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 59–79.
  • Aronow, E., Weiss, K. A., & Reznikoff, M. (2001). A practical guide to the Thematic Apperception Test: The TAT in clinical practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Barends, A., Westen, D., Leigh, J., Silbert, D., & Byers, S. (1990). Assessing affect-tone of relationship paradigms from TAT and interview data. Psychological Assessment, 2, 329–332.
  • Bellak, L., & Abrams, D. M. (1997). The T.A.T., C.A.T., and S.A.T. in clinical use (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Bram, A. D. (2014). Object relations, interpersonal functioning, and health in a nonclinical sample: Construct validation and norms for the TAT SCORS–G. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31, 314–342.
  • Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability theory. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Campus, N. (1976). A measure of needs to assess the stimulus characteristics of TAT cards. Journal of Personality Assessment, 40, 248–258.
  • Cicchetti, D. V. (1999). Sample size requirements for increasing the precision of reliability estimates: Problems and proposed solutions. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 21, 567–570.
  • Cicchetti, D. V. (2001). The precision of reliability and validity estimates re-visited: Distinguishing between clinical and statistical significance of sample size requirements. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 23, 695–700.
  • Cramer, P. (1996). Storytelling, narrative, and the Thematic Apperception Test. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • DeFife, J. A., Goldberg, M., & Westen, D. (2015). Dimensional assessment of self and interpersonal functioning in adolescents: Implications for DSM–5's general definition of personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 248–260.
  • Ehrenreich, J. H. (1990). Quantitative studies of responses elicited by selected TAT cards. Psychological Reports, 67, 15–18.
  • Eron, L. D. (1950). A normative study of the Thematic Apperception Test. Psychological Monographs, 64, 1–47.
  • Eron, L. D., Terry, D., & Callahan, R. (1950). The use of rating scales for emotional tone of TAT stories. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 14, 473–478.
  • Friedman, C. J., Johnson, C. A., & Fode, K. (1964). Subjects' descriptions of selected TAT cards via the semantic differential. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 317–325.
  • George, C., & West, M. (2001). The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of adult attachment: The Adult Attachment Projective. Attachment & Human Development, 3, 30–61.
  • Gruber, N., & Kreuzpointer, L. (2013). Measuring the reliability of picture story exercises like the TAT. PLoS ONE, 8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079450
  • Hemphill, J. F. (2003). Interpreting the magnitudes of correlation coefficients. The American Psychologist, 58, 78–79.
  • Hibbard, S., Mitchell, D., & Porcerelli, J. (2001). Internal consistency of the Object Relations and Social Cognition scales for the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 408–419.
  • Inslegers, R., Vanheule, S., Meganck, R., Debaere, V., Trenson, E., Desmet, M., & Roelstraete, B. (2012). The assessment of the Social Cognition and Object Relations scale on TAT and interview data. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 372–379.
  • Jenkins, S. R. (2008). A handbook of clinical scoring systems for thematic apperceptive techniques. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Lang, J. B. (2014). A dynamic Thurstonian item response theory of motive expression in the picture story exercise: Solving the internal consistency paradox of the PSE. Psychological Review, 121, 481–500.
  • Leigh, J., Westen, D., Barends, A., Mendel, M. J., & Byers, S. (1992). The assessment of complexity of representations of people using TAT and interview data. Journal of Personality, 60, 809–837.
  • Lundy, A. (1985). The reliability of the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 141–145.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Murray, H. A. (1943). Manual for the Thematic Apperception Test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Murstein, B. I. (1965). The stimulus. In I. Murstein (Ed.), Handbook of projective techniques (pp. 509–546). New York, NY: Basic.
  • Mushquash, C., & O'Connor, B. (2006). SPSS and SAS programs for generalizability theory analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 542–547.
  • Peterson, C. A., & Schilling, K. M. (1983). Card pull in projective testing. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 265–275.
  • Pine, F. (1960). A manual for rating drive content in the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Projective Techniques, 24, 32–45.
  • Rosenzweig, S., & Fleming, E. (1949). Apperceptive norms for the Thematic Apperception Test: An empirical investigation. Journal of Personality, 49, 483–503.
  • Salvia, J., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (2004). Assessment (9th ed.). Princeton, NJ: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Segal, H. G., Westen, D., Lohr, N. E., & Silk K. R. (1993). Clinical assessment of object relations and social cognition using stories told to the picture arrangement subtest of the WAIS–R. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 58–80.
  • Shavelson, R. J., & Webb, N. M. (1991). Generalizability theory: A primer. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420–428.
  • Smith, C. P. (Ed.). (1992a). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, C. P. (1992b). Reliability issues. In C. P. Smith (Ed.), Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis (pp. 126–139). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, C. P., Feld, S. C., & Franz, C. E. (1992). Methodological considerations: Steps in research employing content analysis systems. In C. P. Smith (Ed.), Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis (pp. 515–536). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, M. B., Hilsenroth, M. J., Pinsker-Aspen, J. H., & Primavera, L. (2009). Validity of DSM–IV Axis V Global Assessment of Relational Functioning scale (GARF): A multi-method assessment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 50–55.
  • Stein, M. B., Hilsenroth, M., Slavin-Mulford, J., & Pinsker, J. (2011). Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global Rating method (SCORS–G) (4th ed.). Unpublished manuscript, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • Stein, M., Pinsker, J., & Hilsenroth, M. (2007). Borderline pathology and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): An evaluation of criterion and concurrent validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 82–90.
  • Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Siefert, C. J., Sinclair, S. J., Renna, M., Malone, J., … Blais, M. A. (2013). SCORS–G stimulus characteristics of select Thematic Apperception Test cards. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 339–349.
  • Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Sinclair, S. J., Siefert, C. J., & Blais, M. A. (2012). Exploring the construct validity of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 533–540.
  • Westen, D., Lohr, N., Silk, K., Kerber, K., & Goodrich, S. (1989). Object relations and social cognition TAT scoring manual (4th ed.). Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
  • Winter, D. G. (1994). Manual for scoring motive imagery in running text (4th ed.). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.