1,127
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Defense Mechanism Card Pull in TAT Stories

Pages 15-24 | Received 08 Jan 2016, Published online: 02 Aug 2016

References

  • Alvarado, N. (1994). Empirical validity of the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 59–79.
  • Aronow, E., Weiss, K. A., & Reznikoff, M. (2001). A practical guide to the Thematic Apperception Tests: The TAT in clinical practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Bellak, L. (1975). The TAT, CAT, and SAT in clinical use (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Grune & Stratton.
  • Birney, R. C. (1958). Thematic content and the cue characteristics of pictures. In J. W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 630–643). New York, NY: Van Nostrand.
  • Block, J., & Block, J. H. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota symposia on child psychology ( Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cramer, P. (1991a). Anger and the use of defense mechanisms in college students. Journal of Personality, 59, 39–55.
  • Cramer, P. (1991b). The development of defense mechanisms: Theory, research and assessment. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Cramer, P. (1996). Storytelling, narrative, and the Thematic Apperception Test. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Cramer, P. (1998a). Freshman to senior year: A follow-up study of identity, narcissism and defense mechanisms. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 156–172.
  • Cramer, P. (1998b). Threat to gender representation: Identity and identification. Journal of Personality, 66, 335–357.
  • Cramer, P. (1999). Personality, personality disorders, and defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 67, 535–554.
  • Cramer, P. (2001). Identification and its relation to identity development. Journal of Personality, 69, 667–688.
  • Cramer, P. (2003). Defense mechanisms and physiological reactivity to stress. Journal of Personality, 71, 221–244.
  • Cramer, P. (2006). Protecting the self: Defense mechanisms in action. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Cramer, P. (2008). Identification and the development of competence: A 44-year longitudinal study from late adolescence to late middle age. Psychology and Aging, 23, 410–421.
  • Cramer, P. (2009). The development of defense mechanisms from pre-adolescence to early adulthood: Do IQ and social class matter? A longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 464–471.
  • Cramer, P. (2015). Defense mechanisms: 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 114–122.
  • Cramer, P., Blatt, S. J., & Ford, R. Q. (1988). Defense mechanisms in the anaclitic and introjective personality configuration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 610–616.
  • Cramer, P., & Gaul, R. (1988). The effects of success and failure on children's use of defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 56, 729–742.
  • Ehrenreich, J. H. (1990). Quantitative studies of responses elicited by selected TAT cards. Psychological Reports, 67, 15–18.
  • Eichorn, D. H., Clausen, J. A., Haan, N., Honzik, M. P., & Mussen, P. H. (1981). Present and past in middle life. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Eron, L. D. (1950). A normative study of the Thematic Apperception Test. Psychological Monographs, 64(9), 1–47.
  • Fenichel, O. (1945). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. New York, NY: Norton.
  • Freud, A. (1965). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York, NY: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1936)
  • Haber, R. N., & Alpert, R. (1958). The role of situation and picture cues in projective measurement of the achievement motive. In J. W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 644–663). New York, NY: Van Nostrand.
  • Hibbard, S., Farmer, L., Wells, C., Difillipo, E., Barry, W., Korman, R., & Sloan, P. (1994). Validation of Cramer's defense mechanism manual for the TAT. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 197–210.
  • Hibbard, S., & Porcerelli, J. H. (1998). Further validation of the Cramer Defense Mechanism Manual. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70, 460–483.
  • Holt, R. (1978). Methods in clinical psychology ( Vol. 1). New York, NY: Plenum.
  • Jacobs, B. (1958). A method for investigating the cur characteristics of pictures. In J. W. Atkinson (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 644–663). New York, NY: Van Nostrand.
  • Jenkins, S. R. (2008). A handbook of clinical scoring systems for the thematic apperceptive techniques. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • McAdams, D. P. (1980). A thematic coding system for the intimacy motive. Journal of Research in Personality, 14, 413–432.
  • McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Meyer, G. J. (2004). The reliability and validity of the Rorschach and TAT compared to other psychological and medical procedures: An analysis of systematically gathered evidence. In M. Hersen (Ed. in Chief), M. Hilsenroth & D. Segal ( Vol. Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Vol. 2. Personality assessment (pp. 315–342). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Morgan, C. D., & Murray, H. (1935). A method for investigating fantasies: The Thematic Apperception Test. Archives of Neurological Psychiatry, 34, 289–306.
  • Murray, H. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Murstein, B. I. (1961). The role of the stimulus in the manifestation of fantasy. In J. Kagan & G. S. Lesser (Eds.), Contemporary issues in thematic apperceptive methods (pp. 229–273). Springfied, IL: Thomas.
  • Pang, J. S., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2005). Assessing implicit motives in U.S. college students: Effects of picture type and position, gender and ethnicity, and cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 280–294.
  • Peterson, C. A., & Schilling, K. M. (1983). Card pull in projective testing. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47, 265–275.
  • Porcerelli, J. H., Cogan, R., Kamoo, R., & Leitmen, S. (2004). Defense mechanisms and self-reported violence toward partners and strangers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 82, 317–320.
  • Porcerelli, J. H., Thomas, S., Hibbard, S., & Cogan, R. (1998). Defense mechanism development in children, adolescents, and late adolescents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 411–420.
  • Rapaport, D., Gill, M. M., & Schafer, R. (1968). Diagnostic psychological testing ( Rev. ed.). New York, NY: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1948)
  • Sandstrom, M., & Cramer, P. (2003). Girls’ use of defense mechanisms following peer rejection. Journal of Personality, 71, 605–627.
  • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420–428.
  • Smith, C. P. (Ed.). (1992). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Spirrison, C. L., & McAlpin, A. R. (2007). Percept popularity and 14 Thematic Apperception Test cards in a college student sample. In K. A. Fanti (Ed.), Psychological science: Research, theory and future directions (pp. 183–192). Athina, Greece: Athens Institute for Education and Research.
  • Stein, M. B., Hilsenroth, M., Slavin-Mulford, J., & Pinsker, J. (2011). Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale: Global rating method ( SCORS–G, 4th ed.). Unpublished manuscript, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
  • Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Siefert, C. J., Sinclair, S. J., Renna, M., Malone, J., … Blais, M. A. (2014). SCORS–G stimulus characteristics of select Thematic Apperception Test cards. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 339–349.
  • Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation.
  • Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  • Westen, D. (1991). Social cognition and object relations. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 429–455.
  • Westen, D. (1995). Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale: Q-sort for projective stories (SCORS-Q). Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychiatry, The Cambridge Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA.
  • Winter, D. G. (1973). The power motive. New York, NY: The Free Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.