Personality Constructs and Paradigms in the Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorder

References

• Adler, J. M. (2012). Living into the story: Agency and coherence in a longitudinal study of narrative identity development and mental health over the course of psychotherapy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, 367–389. doi:10.1037/a0025289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, I. E. (1990). Personology: Method and content in personality assessment and psychobiography. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, J., Blatt, S. J., & Zimel, C. N. (1988). The interpretation of psychological tests. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Allport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47, i–171. doi:10.1037/h0093360
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, D.C: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen, N. C. (2007). DSM and the death of phenomenology in America: An example of unintended consequences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33, 108–112. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bach, B., Markon, K., Simonsen, E., & Krueger, R. F. (2015). Clinical utility of the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders: Six cases from practice. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 21, 3–25. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000460618.02805.ef
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastiaansen, L., Hopwood, C. J., Van den Broeck, J., Rossi, G., Schotte, C., & De Fruyt, F. (2016). The twofold diagnosis of personality disorder: How do personality dysfunction and pathological traits increment each other at successive levels of the trait hierarchy?. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 280–292. doi: 10.1037/per0000149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, D. S., Morey, L. C., & Skodol, A. E. (2011). Toward a model for assessing level of personality functioning in DSM–5, part I: A review of theory and methods. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 332–346. doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.583808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin, L. S. (1996). Interpersonal diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berrios, G. E., & Marková, I. S. (2015). Towards a new epistemology of psychiatry. In L. J. Kirmayer, R. Lemelson, & C. A. Cummings (Eds.). Re-visioning psychiatry: Cultural phenomenology, critical neuroscience, and global mental health (pp. 41–64). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bers, S. A., Blatt, S. J., Sayward, H. K., & Johnston, R. S. (1993). Normal and pathological aspects of self-descriptions and their change over long-term treatment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 10, 17–37. doi: 10.1037/h0079432
   Google Scholar
• Block, J. (2002). Personality as an affect-processing system: Toward an integrative theory. Abington, United Kingdom: Psychology Press/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (2011). Toward a process-focused model of test score validity: Improving psychological assessment in science and practice. Psychological Assessment, 23, 532–544. doi: 10.1037/a0022402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Evidence-based psychological assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99, 435–445. doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1236343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattell, R. B. (1943). The description of personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 38, 476–506
   Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6, 284–290. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
   Google Scholar
• Clarkin, J. F., Cain, N., & Livesley, W. J. (2015). An integrated approach to treatment of patients with personality disorders. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 25, 3–12. doi:10.1037/a0038766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10. Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=10&n=7
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, K. G., Bachrach, R. L., Wright, A. C., Pinto, A., & Ansell, E. (2016). Predicting problematic alcohol use with the DSM–5 alternative model of personality pathology. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 103–111. doi:10.1037/per0000131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Cybernetic big five theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 56, 33–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner, J., Exner, J., Levy, A., Exner, J., Groth-Marnat, G., Wood, J. M., & Garb, H. N. (2008). The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System. Volume 1: Basic foundations and principles of interpretation. New York, NY: Wiley and Sons
   Google Scholar
• Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272–299. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Few, L. R., Miller, J. D., Rothbaum, A. O., Meller, S., Maples, J., Terry, D. P., Collins, B., & MacKillop, J. (2013). Examination of the Section III DSM-5 diagnostic system for personality disorders in an outpatient clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 1057–1069. 10.1037/a0034878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, S. E., & Tonsager, M. E. (1997). Information-gathering and therapeutic models of assessment: Complementary paradigms. Psychological Assessment, 9, 374–385. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleeson, W., & Jayawickreme, E. (2015). Whole trait theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 56, 82–92. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1998). Reflective-functioning manual, version 5.0, for application to adult attachment interviews. London, UK: University College London.
   Google Scholar
• Garica, D. J., Skadberg, R. M., Schmidt, M., Bierma, S., Shorter, R., & Waugh, M. H. (2018). It's not that difficult: An inter-rater reliability study of the DSM-5 AMPD. Journal of Personality Assessment, 5, 1–9. doi: 10.1080/00223891
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, L. R. (1993). The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48, 26–34. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.48.1.26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, J. (1983). Object relations in psychoanalytic theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7, 238–247. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway, S. R., McKinley, J. C., Butcher, J. N., Dahlstrom, W. G., Graham, J. R., & Tellegen, A. (1989). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test booklet. Minneapolis, MI: Regents of the University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Hentschel, A. G., & Pukrop, R. (2014). The essential features of personality disorder in DSM-5: The relationship between criteria A and B. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 202, 412–418. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilsenroth, M., Stein, M., & Pinsker, J. (2007). Social cognition and object relations scale: Global rating method (SCORS-G). Unpublished manuscript. Garden City, NY: The Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University.
   Google Scholar
• Hopwood, C. J., Good, E. W., & Morey, L. C. (2018). Validity of the DSM–5 levels of personality functioning scale–self report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 9, 1–10. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1420660
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopwood, C. J., Morey, L. C., Donnellan, M. B., Samuel, D. B., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Shea, M. T., Zanarini, M. C., Gunderson, J. G., & Skodol, A. E. (2013). Ten‐year rank‐order stability of personality traits and disorders in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality, 81, 335–344. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00801.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The interpersonal core of personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 270–295. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2013.27.3.270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huprich, S. K., Nelson, S. M., Meehan, K. B., Siefert, C. J., Haggerty, G., Sexton, J., Dauphin, V. B., Macaluso, M., Jackson, J., Zackula, R., & Baade, L. (2017). Introduction of the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/per0000264
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutsebaut, J., Feenstra, D. J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2016). Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for the Assessment of the DSM–5 level of Personality Functioning Scale: The LPFS Brief Form (LPFS- BF). Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 192–197. doi:10.1037/per0000159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2002). Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 300–311. doi:10.1093/clipsy/9.3.300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (2012). The Restoration of the self. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1979)
   Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. F. (2013). Personality disorders are the vanguard of the post-DSM-5.0 era. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 355–362. doi:10.1037/per0000028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1879–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2014). The role of the DSM-5 personality trait model in moving toward a quantitative and empirically based approach to classifying personality and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 477–501. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd enl. ed). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York, NY: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Loevinger, J. (1957). Objective tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychological Reports, 3, 635–694. doi: 10.2466/PR0.3.7.635-694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manczak, E. M., Zapata-Gietl, C., & McAdams, D. P. (2014). Regulatory focus in the life story: Prevention and promotion as expressed in three layers of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 169–181. doi:10.1037/a0034951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81–90. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1995). Trait explanations in personality psychology. European Journal of Personality, 9, 231–252. doi:10.1002/per.2410090402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr (2008). The Five-Factor Theory of personality. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 159–181). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (1995). What do we know when we know a person?. Journal of Personality, 63, 365–396. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00500.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (2015). The art and science of personality development. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61, 204–217. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P., & West, S. G. (1997). Personality psychology and the case study. Introduction. Journal of Personality, 65, 757–783. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00533.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, G. J., Erard, R. E., Erdberg, P., Mihura, J. L., & Viglione, D. J. (2011). Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, coding, interpretation, and technical manual. Rorschach Performance Assessment System, LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246–268. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, L. C. (2017). Development and initial evaluation of a self-report form of the DSM–5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale. Psychological Assessment, 29, 1302–1308. doi:10.1037/pas0000450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, L. C. & Benson, K. T. (2016). Relating DSM-5 section II and section III personality disorder diagnostic classification systems to treatment planning. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 68, 48–55. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morey, L. C., Skodol, A. E., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Clinician judgments of clinical utility: A comparison of DSM–IV–TR personality disorders and the alternative model for DSM–5 personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 398–405. doi: 10.1037/a0036481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, S. M., Huprich, S. K., Shankar, S., Sohnleitner, A., & Paggeot, A. V. (2017). A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of trainee opinions of four methods of personality disorder diagnosis. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8, 217–227. doi: 10.1037/per0000227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norcross, J. C., & Goldfried, M. R. (2005). Handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pincus, A. L. (2011). Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process, and narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2, 41–53. doi: 10.1037/a0021191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus, H. A., Tew, J. D., & First, M. B. (2004). Psychiatric comorbidity: Is more less? World Psychiatry, 3, 18–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Kühl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2009). The conceptual development of DSM-V. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 645–650. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, M. J., Jacobson, N. C., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). Using repeated daily assessments to uncover oscillating patterns and temporally-dynamic triggers in structures of psychopathology: Applications to the DSM–5 alternative model of personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 1090–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiner, R. L. (2009). The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 715–734. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stricker, G., & Gold, J. R. (2013). Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, H. S. (2013). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York, NY: Routledge. (Original work published 1953)
   Google Scholar
• Waugh, M. H., Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Morey, L. C., Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. C. (2017). Psychological assessment with the DSM–5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Tradition and innovation. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48, 79–89. doi:10.1037/pro0000071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widiger, T. A. (2015). Assessment of DSM–5 personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 456–466. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2015.104114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of personality assessment. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, A. C., Calabrese, W. R., Rudick, M. M., Yam, W. H., Zelazny, K., Williams, T. F., Rotterman, J. H., & Simms, L. J. (2015). Stability of the DSM-5 Section III pathological personality traits and their longitudinal associations with psychosocial functioning in personality disordered individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 199–207. doi:10.1037/abn0000018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachar, P., Krueger, R. F., & Kendler, K. S. (2016). Personality disorder in DSM-5: An oral history. Psychological Medicine, 46(1), 1–10. doi:10.1017/S0033291715001543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann, J., Böhnke, J. R., Eschstruth, R., Mathews, A., Wenzel, K., & Leising, D. (2015). The latent structure of personality functioning: Investigating criterion A from the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM–5. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 532–548. doi:10.1037/abn0000059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar