351
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Stimulus Characteristics in Picture Story Exercise Cards and Their Effects on the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global Rating Method

, , &
Pages 250-258 | Received 24 May 2018, Published online: 20 Nov 2018

References

  • Aronow, E., Weiss, K. A., & Reznikoff, M. (2001). A practical guide to the Thematic Apperception Test: The TAT in clinical practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Atkinson, J. W., & Birch, D. (1970). The dynamics of action. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Bernecker, K., & Job, V. (2011). Assessing implicit motives with an online version of the Picture Story Exercise. Motivation and Emotion, 35(3), 251–266.
  • Blankenship, V., & Zoota, A. L. (1998). Comparing power imagery in TATs written by hand or on the computer. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 30(3), 441–448.
  • Bram, A. D. (2014). Object relations, interpersonal functioning, and health in a nonclinical sample: Construct validation and norms for the TAT SCORS-G. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(3), 314–342.
  • Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability theory. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 284–290.
  • Cramer, P. (2017). Defense mechanism card pull in TAT stories. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(1), 15–24.
  • Cronbach, L. J., Linn, R. L., Nanda, H., & Rajaratnam, N. (1972). The dependability of behavioral measurements. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • DeFife, J. A., Goldberg, M., & Westen, D. (2015). Dimensional assessment of self- and interpersonal functioning in adolescents: Implications for DSM-5’s general definition of personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29(2), 248–260.
  • Eron, L. D. (1950). A normative study of the Thematic Apperception Test. Psychological Monographs, 64(9), i–47.
  • Eudell-Simmons, E. M., Stein, M. B., DeFife, J. A., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2005). Reliability and validity of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) in the assessment of dream narratives. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85(3), 325–333.
  • Goldberg, L. R. (2008). The Eugene-Springfield community sample: Information available from the research participants. Eugene, OR: Oregon Research Institute. Retrieved from http://ipip.ori.org/ORI_TechnicalReport_ESCS_Mar08.pdf
  • Gruber, N., & Kreuzpointner, L. (2013). Measuring the reliability of picture story exercises like the TAT. PLOS One, 8(11), e79450. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079450
  • Inslegers, R., Vanheule, S., Meganck, R., Debaere, V., Trenson, E., Desmet, M., & Roelstraete, B. (2012). The assessment of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale on TAT and interview data. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(4), 372–379.
  • Jenkins, S. R. (2008). A handbook of clinical scoring systems for the thematic apperceptive techniques. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Kenny, D. I. (1961). A theoretical and research appraisal of stimulus factors in the TAT. In J. Kagan & G. S. Lesser (Eds.), Contemporary issues in thematic apperceptive methods. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
  • Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2006). The Thematic Apperception Test: Toward a standard measure of the big three motives. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(3), 277–291.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R., & Weinberger, J. (1989). How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psychological Review, 96(4), 690–702.
  • Mischel, W. (2009). From Personality and Assessment (1968) to personality science, 2009. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(2), 282–290.
  • Murray, H. A. (1943). Manual for the Thematic Apperception Test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Mushquash, C., & O’Connor, B. P. (2006). SPSS and SAS programs for generalizability theory analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 38(3), 542–547.
  • Pang, J. S., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2005). Assessing implicit motives in U.S. college students: Effects of picture type and position, gender, ethnicity, and cross-cultural comparisons. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85(3), 280–294.
  • Peterson, C. A., & Schilling, K. M. (1983). Card pull in projective testing. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47(3), 265–275.
  • Pine, F. (1960). A manual for rating drive content in the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Projective Techniques, 24, 32–45.
  • Pinsker-Aspen, J. H., Stein, M. B., & Hilsenroth, M. J. (2007). Clinical utility of early memories as a predictor of early therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(1), 96–109.
  • Richardson, L. A., Porcerelli, J. H., Dauphin, B., Morris, P., & Murdoch, W. (2018). The use of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale in a primary care setting. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(2), 156–165.
  • Salvia, J., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (2004). Assessment (9th ed.). Princeton, NJ: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Schultheiss, O. C. (2013). Are implicit motives revealed in mere words? Testing the marker-word hypothesis with computer-based text analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 748. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00748
  • Schultheiss, O. C., & Brunstein, J. C. (2001). Assessing implicit motives with a research version of the TAT: Picture profiles, gender differences, and relations to other personality measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(1), 71–86.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., & Brunstein, J. C. (2010). Implicit motives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., Liening, S. H., & Schad, D. J. (2008). The reliability of a Picture Story Exercise measure of implicit motives: Estimates of internal consistency, retest reliability, and ipsative stability. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(6), 1560–1571.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., & Pang, J. S. (2007). Measuring implicit motives. In R.W. Robins, R.C. Fraley & R. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 322–344). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Schultheiss, O. C., Yankova, D., Dirlikov, B., & Schad, D. J. (2009). Are implicit and explicit motive measures statistically independent? A fair and balanced test using the Picture Story Exercise and a cue- and response-matched questionnaire measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 72–81.
  • Shavelson, R. J., & Webb, N. M. (1991). Generalizability theory: A primer. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 420–428.
  • Siefert, C. J., Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Haggerty, G., Sinclair, S. J., Funke, D., & Blais, M. A. (2018). Exploring the factor structure of the Social Cognition and Object Relations–Global Rating Method: Support for two- and three-factor models. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100(2), 122–134.
  • Siefert, C. J., Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Sinclair, S. J., Haggerty, G., & Blais, M. A. (2016). Estimating the effects of Thematic Apperception Test card content on SCORS-G ratings: Replication with a nonclinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(6), 598–607.
  • Smith, C. P. (Ed.) (1992). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, M. B., Hilsenroth, M., Slavin-Mulford, J., & Pinsker, J. (2011). Social cognition and object relations scale: global rating method (SCORS–G) (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
  • Stein, M. B., & Slavin-Mulford, J. (2018). The social cognition and object relations scale–global rating method (SCORS-G): a comprehensive guide for clinicians and researchers. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Siefert, C. J., Sinclair, S. J., Renna, M., Malone, J., … Blais, M. A. (2014). SCORS-G stimulus characteristics of select Thematic Apperception Test cards. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(3), 339–349.
  • Stein, M. B., Slavin-Mulford, J., Sinclair, S. J., Siefert, C. J., & Blais, M. A. (2012). Exploring the construct validity of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale in a clinical sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 533–540.
  • Westen, D., Lohr, N., Silk, K., Kerber, K., & Goodrich, S. (1989). Object relations and social cognition TAT scoring manual (4th ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan,.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.