References
- Atkinson, J. W. (1954). Exploration using imaginative thought to assess the strength of human motives. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 56–112). University of Nebraska Press.
- Baer, R. A. (2006). Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143.
- Barkley, R. A. (2001). The executive functions and self-regulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 11(1), 1–29.
- Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. Academic Press.
- Boswell, R. G., & Kober, H. (2016). Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: A meta-analytic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12354
- Braams, B. R., Blechert, J., Boden, M. T., & Gross, J. J. (2012). The effects of acceptance and suppression on anticipation and receipt of painful stimulation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(4), 1014–1018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.001
- Brandon, J. E., Oescher, J., & Loftin, J. M. (1990). The self-control questionnaire: An assessment. Health Values, 14(3), 3–9.
- Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3
- de Boer, B. J., van Hooft, E. A. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2011). Stop and start control: A distinction within self-control. European Journal of Personality, 25(5), 349–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/per.796
- de Ridder, D. T. D., de Boer, B. J., Lugtig, P., Bakker, A. B., & van Hooft, E. A. J. (2011). Not doing bad things is not equivalent to doing the right thing: Distinguishing between inhibitory and initiatory self-control. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1006–1011. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.015
- de Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 16(1), 76–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418749
- De Witt Huberts, J. C., Evers, C., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2012). License to sin: Self-licensing as a mechanism underlying hedonic consumption: License to sin. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 490–496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.861
- De Vet, E., de Ridder, D. T. D., Stok, M., Brunso, K., Baban, A., & Gaspar, T. (2014). Assessing self-regulation strategies: Development and validation of the tempest self-regulation questionnaire for eating (TESQ-E) in adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 106.
- Duckworth, A. L., Gendler, T. S., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control in school-age children. Educational Psychologist, 49(3), 199–217. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2014.926225
- Duckworth, A. L., Gendler, T. S., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Situational strategies for self-control. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 11(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615623247
- Duckworth, A. L., & Kern, M. L. (2011). A meta-analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(3), 259–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004
- Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological Science, 16(12), 939–944. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01641.x
- Duckworth, A. L., White, R. E., Matteucci, A. J., Shearer, A., & Gross, J. J. (2016). A stitch in time: Strategic self-control in high school and college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 329–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000062
- Enders, C. K. (2001). A primer on maximum likelihood algorithms available for use with missing data. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(1), 128–141.
- Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(3), 430–457.
- Ent, M. R., Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (2015). Trait self-control and the avoidance of temptation. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 12–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.031
- Eysenck, S. B. G., Pearson, P. R., Easting, G., & Allsopp, J. F. (1985). Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 6(5), 613–619. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-X
- Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
- Fagen, S. A., Long, N. J., & Stevens, D. J. (1975). Teaching children self-control: Preventing emotional and learning problems in the elementary school. Merrill.
- Fishbach, A., & Shen, L. (2014). The explicit and implicit ways of overcoming temptation. In J. W. Sherman, B. Gawronski, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories of the social mind (pp. 454–467). The Guilford Press.
- Friese, M., Bargas-Avila, J., Hofmann, W., & Wiers, R. W. (2010). Here’s looking at you, bud: Alcohol-related memory structures predict eye movements for social drinkers with low executive control. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(2), 143–151. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550609359945
- Friese, M., Frankenbach, J., Job, V., & Loschelder, D. D. (2017). Does self-control training improve self-control? A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 12(6), 1077–1099. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617697076
- Fujita, K. (2011). On conceptualizing self-control as more than the effortful inhibition of impulses. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 15(4), 352–366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411165
- Gass, J. C., Motschman, C. A., & Tiffany, S. T. (2014). The relationship between craving and tobacco use behavior in laboratory studies: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(4), 1162–1176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036879
- Ghoniem, A., & Hofmann, W. (2021). When impulsive behaviours do not equal self‐control failures: The (added) value of temptation enactment. European Journal of Personality, 35(2), 267–288.
- Gillebaart, M., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2015). Effortless self-control: A novel perspective on response conflict strategies in trait self-control: effortless self-control. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(2), 88–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12160
- Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 970–986. https://doi-org.ezproxy.bgu.ac.il/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.970
- Hennecke, M., Czikmantori, T., & Brandstätter, V. (2018). Doing despite disliking: Self‐regulatory strategies in everyday aversive activities. European Journal of Personality, 33(1), 2182.
- Hofmann, W., Baumeister, R. F., Förster, G., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Everyday temptations: An experience sampling study of desire, conflict, and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1318–1335. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026545
- Hofmann, W., Friese, M., & Wiers, R. W. (2008). Impulsive versus reflective influences on health behavior: A theoretical framework and empirical review. Health Psychology Review, 2(2), 111–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17437190802617668
- Hofmann, W., & Kotabe, H. (2012). A general model of preventive and interventive self-control: PI-model of self-control. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(10), 707–722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00461.x
- Hofmann, W., Kotabe, H. P., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2015). Desire and desire regulation. In W. Hofmann & L. F. Nordgren (Eds.), The psychology of desire (pp. 61–81). The Guilford Press.
- Hofmann, W., Luhmann, M., Fisher, R. R., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2014). Yes, but are they happy? Effects of trait self-control on affective well-being and life satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 82(4), 265–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12050
- Hofmann, W., Schmeichel, B. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Executive functions and self-regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(3), 174–180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.01.006
- Hofmann, W., & Van Dillen, L. (2012). Desire: The new hot spot in self-control research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(5), 317–322. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412453587
- Hofmann, W., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). What people desire, feel conflicted about, and try to resist in everyday life. Psychological Science, 23(6), 582–588. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612437426
- Hoyle, R. H., & Davisson, E. K. (2016). Varieties of self-control and their personality correlates. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory,and applications (3rd ed., pp. 396–413). New York: Guilford Press.
- Job, V., Walton, G. M., Bernecker, K., & Dweck, C. S. (2015). Implicit theories about willpower predict self-regulation and grades in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(4), 637–647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000014
- Kassai, R., Futo, J., Demetrovics, Z., & Takacs, Z. K. (2019). A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence on the near- and far-transfer effects among children’s executive function skills. Psychological Bulletin, 145(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000180
- Katzir, M., Eyal, T., Meiran, N., & Kessler, Y. (2010). Imagined positive emotions and inhibitory control: The differentiated effect of pride versus happiness. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(5), 1314–1320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020120
- Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., & Grigg, M. (2008). Food cravings consume limited cognitive resources. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 14(3), 247–254. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012736
- Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 331–378). Elsevier.
- Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
- Magen, E., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Getting our act together: Toward a general model of self-control. In R. Hassin, K. Ochsner, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Self control in society, mind, and brain (pp. 335–353). Oxford University Press.
- Milyavskaya, M., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). Attentional and motivational mechanisms of self-control. In D. T. D. de Ridder, M. Adiraanse, & K. Fujita (Eds.), Routledge international handbook of self-control in health and well-being (pp. 11–24). Routledge.
- Mischel, W. (1974). Processes in delay of gratification. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 249–292). Elsevier.
- Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., & Zeiss, A. R. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 204–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032198
- Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 687–696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.4.687
- Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science (New York, N.Y.), 244(4907), 933–938. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056
- Moberly, N. J., & Watkins, E. R. (2010). Negative affect and ruminative self-focus during everyday goal pursuit. Cognition & Emotion, 24(4), 729–739. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802696849
- Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Poulton, R., Roberts, B. W., Ross, S., Sears, M. R., Thomson, W. M., Caspi, A. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 2693––2698.
- Muraven, M., & Slessareva, E. (2003). Mechanisms of self-control failure: Motivation and limited resources. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(7), 894–906. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029007008
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Muthén & Muthén.
- Myrseth, K. O. R., & Fishbach, A. (2009). Self-control: A function of knowing when and how to exercise restraint. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(4), 247–252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01645.x
- Nederkoorn, C., Houben, K., Hofmann, W., Roefs, A., & Jansen, A. (2010). Control yourself or just eat what you like? Weight gain over a year is predicted by an interactive effect of response inhibition and implicit preference for snack foods. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 29(4), 389–393. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019921
- Paulhus, D. L., & Vazire, S. (2007). The self-report method. In R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 224–239).Guilford Press.
- Payne, B. K. (2005). Conceptualizing control in social cognition: How executive functioning modulates the expression of automatic stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(4), 488–503. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.488
- Prinsen, S., Evers, C., Wijngaards, L., van Vliet, R., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2018). Does Self-Licensing Benefit Self-Regulation Over Time? An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Food Temptations. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(6), 914–927. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218754509
- R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
- Richter, M., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Wright, R. A. (2016). Three decades of research on motivational intensity theory. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Advances in motivation science (Vol. 3, pp. 149–186). Elsevier.
- Rosenbaum, M. (1980). A schedule for assessing self-control behaviors: Preliminary findings. Behavior Therapy, 11(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(80)80040-2
- Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
- Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2019). Cognitive training does not enhance general cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.10.004
- Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324.
- Trope, Y., & Fishbach, A. (2000). Counteractive self-control in overcoming temptation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 493–506.
- Trope, Y., & Fishbach, A. (2005). Going beyond the motivation given: Self-control and situational control over behavior. In R. R. Hassin, J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The new unconscious (pp. 537–563). Oxford University Press.
- Wagner, D. D. (2017). The relationship between neural measures of reward sensitivity and self-regulation successes and failures. In D. T. D. de Ridder, M. Adriaanse, & K. Fujita (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of self-control in health and well-being: Concepts, theories, and central issues (1st ed., pp. 47–57). Routledge.
- Wang, Y. A., & Rhemtulla, M. (2020). Power analysis for parameter estimation in structural equation modeling: A discussion and tutorial [Preprint]. PsyArXiv.
- Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669–689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7