1,517
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Personality and Affective Correlates of Openness to Experience from Big Five and HEXACO Personality Models: The Dual Nature of Big Five Openness

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 544-554 | Received 09 Jun 2022, Accepted 14 Aug 2022, Published online: 19 Sep 2022

References

  • Abdullahi, A. M., Orji, R., Rabiu, A. M., & Kawu, A. A. (2020). Personality and subjective well-being: Towards personalized persuasive interventions for health and well-being. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 12(1), e1. https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v12i1.10335
  • Albuquerque, I., de Lima, M. P., Matos, M., & Figueiredo, C. (2013). The interplay among levels of personality: The mediator effect of personal projects between the Big five and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9326-6
  • Anglim, J., Horwood, S., Smillie, L. D., Marrero, R. J., & Wood, J. K. (2020). Predicting psychological and subjective well-being from personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 279–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000226
  • Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 11(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294907
  • Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2020). Recovering the HEXACO personality factors – and psychoticism – from variable sets assessing normal and abnormal personality. Journal of Individual Differences, 41(2), 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000305
  • Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., de Vries, R. E., Hendrickse, J., & Born, M. P. (2012). The maladaptive personality traits of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in relation to the HEXACO personality factors and schizotypy/dissociation. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26(5), 641–659. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.641
  • Bijma, H. H., Aaldriks, A. A., Knijff, E. M., & Koorengevel, K. M. (2020). Acute psychiatric illness and drug addiction during pregnancy and the puerperium. In E. A. P. Steegers, M. J. Cipolla, & E. C. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Neurology. (pp. 125–144). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00007-6
  • Blanca, M. J., Arnau, J., López-Montiel, D., Bono, R., & Bendayan, R. (2013). Skewness and kurtosis in real data samples. Methodology, 9(2), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000057
  • Bucher, M. A., & Samuel, D. B. (2021). Mapping a hierarchical dimensional structure of high experiential permeability: A bass-ackward approach to linking positive schizotypy and openness to experience. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000537
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 197–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.197
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Feng Kao, C. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13
  • Chmielewski, M., Bagby, R. M., Markon, K., Ring, A. J., & Ryder, A. G. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychoticism: Resolving the controversy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28(4), 483–499. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2014_28_128
  • Chmielewski, M., & Watson, D. (2008). The heterogeneous structure of schizotypal personality disorder: Item-level factors of the schizotypal personality questionnaire and their associations with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, dissociative tendencies, and normal personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 364–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.364
  • Christensen, A. P., Cotter, K. N., & Silvia, P. J. (2019). Reopening openness to experience: A network analysis of four openness to experience inventories. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(6), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1467428
  • Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Openness/intellect: A dimension of personality reflecting cognitive exploration. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, M. L. Cooper, & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Vol. 4. Personality processes and individual differences. (pp. 369–399). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14343-017
  • DeYoung, C. G., Grazioplene, R. G., & Peterson, J. B. (2012). From madness to genius: The Openness/Intellect trait domain as a paradoxical simplex. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.003
  • DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880
  • DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., Peterson, J. B., & Gray, J. R. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.806327
  • Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 417–440. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221
  • Dollinger, S. J. (2003). Need for uniqueness, need for cognition and creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 37(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2003.tb00828.x
  • Fleischhauer, M., Enge, S., Brocke, B., Ullrich, J., Strobel, A., & Strobel, A. (2010). Same or different? Clarifying the relationship of need for cognition to personality and intelligence. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(1), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209351886
  • Forgeard, M., Herzhoff, K., Jayawickreme, E., Tsukayama, E., Beard, C., & Björgvinsson, T. (2019). Changes in daily manifestations of Openness to Experience during intensive cognitive-behavioral treatment. Journal of Personality, 87(4), 856–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12438
  • Furnham, A., Batey, M., Anand, K., & Manfield, J. (2008). Personality, hypomania, intelligence and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1060–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.035
  • Furnham, A., & Thorne, J. D. (2013). Need for cognition: Its dimensionality and personality and intelligence correlates. Journal of Individual Differences, 34(4), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000119
  • Gignac, G. E., Walker, B., Burtenshaw, T., & Fay, N. (2020). On the nonlinear association between intelligence and openness: Not much of an effect beyond an average IQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 110169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110169
  • Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007
  • González Gutiérrez, J. L., Jiménez, B. M., Hernández, E. G., & Puente, C. P. (2005). Personality and subjective well-being: Big five correlates and demographic variables. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1561–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.015
  • Guttman, L. (1954). Some necessary conditions for common-factor analysis. Psychometrika, 19(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289162
  • Ha, S. E., & Kim, S. (2013). Personality and subjective well-being: Evidence from South Korea. Social Indicators Research, 111(1), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0009-9
  • Hilbig, B. E., Moshagen, M., & Zettler, I. (2016). Prediction consistency: A test of the equivalence assumption across different indicators of the same construct. European Journal of Personality, 30(6), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2085
  • Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Williams, J. B. W., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck, P. E., Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M., Rapport, D. J., Russell, J. M., Sachs, G. S., & Zajecka, J. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1873–1875. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1873
  • Hofstee, W. K., de Raad, B., & Goldberg, L. R. (1992). Integration of the Big Five and circumplex approaches to trait structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 146–163. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.1.146
  • Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02289447
  • Hosang, G. M., Cardno, A. G., Freeman, D., & Ronald, A. (2017). Characterization and structure of hypomania in a British nonclinical adolescent sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.033
  • Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., & Vernon, P. A. (2002). Genetic and environmental influences on the covariance of facets defining the domains of the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00137-4
  • Johnson, J. A. (2014). Measuring thirty facets of the five factor model with a 120-item public domain inventory: Development of the IPIP-NEO-120. Journal of Research in Personality, 51, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.003
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116
  • Kajonius, P. J., & Johnson, J. A. (2019). Assessing the structure of the Five Factor Model of Personality (IPIP-NEO-120) in the public domain. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 260–275. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1671
  • Kemp, K. C., Burgin, C. J., Raulin, M. L., & Kwapil, T. R. (2020). Using multiple measures of openness to experience to capture positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy. Personality Disorders, 11(4), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000389
  • Knežević, G., Lazarević, L. B., Bosnjak, M., Purić, D., Petrović, B., Teovanović, P., Opačić, G., & Bodroža, B. (2016). Towards a personality model encompassing a Disintegration factor separate from the Big Five traits: A meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 95, 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.044
  • Knežević, G., Savić, D., Kutlešić, V., & Opačić, G. (2017). Disintegration: A reconceptualization of psychosis proneness as a personality trait separate from the Big Five. Journal of Research in Personality, 70, 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.06.001
  • Kwapil, T. R., & Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2015). Schizotypy: Looking back and moving forward. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(suppl 2), S366–S373. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu186
  • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO personality inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(2), 329–358. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8
  • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2018). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-100. Assessment, 25(5), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116659134
  • Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2020). Authors’ response: Why six factors, why it matters. European Journal of Personality, 34(4), 562–579.
  • Ludeke, S. G., Bainbridge, T. F., Liu, J., Zhao, K., Smillie, L. D., & Zettler, I. (2019). Using the Big Five Aspect Scales to translate between the HEXACO and Big Five personality models. Journal of Personality, 87(5), 1025–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12453
  • Madrid, H. P., & Patterson, M. G. (2016). Creativity at work as a joint function between openness to experience, need for cognition and organizational fairness. Learning and Individual Differences, 51, 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.07.010
  • McCrae, R. R. (1994). Openness to experience: Expanding the boundaries of Factor V. European Journal of Personality, 8(4), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080404
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1997). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology. (pp. 825–847). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012134645-4/50032-9
  • McKay, D. A. (2017). A facet and domain-level analysis of two trait models of personality: Relationship with subjective well-being [Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1498591744789927
  • Međedović, J. (2014). Should the space of basic personality traits be extended to include the disposition toward psychotic-like experiences? Psihologija, 47(2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.2298/psi1402169m
  • Međedović, J., Čolović, P., Dinić, B. M., & Smederevac, S. (2019). The HEXACO Personality Inventory: Validation and psychometric properties in the Serbian language. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(1), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1370426
  • Mentus, V. (2020). Determinants of mental well-being in Serbia. Socioloski Pregled, 54(2), 216–241. https://doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-23748
  • Meyer, T. D. (2002). The Hypomanic Personality Scale, the Big Five, and their relationship to depression and mania. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(4), 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00067-8
  • Miller, J. D. (2019). Personality disorders as collections of traits. In D. B. Samuel & D. R. Lynam (Eds.), Using basic personality research to inform personality pathology. (pp. 40–69). Oxford University Press.
  • Nusbaum, E. C., & Silvia, P. J. (2011). Are Openness and Intellect distinct aspects of Openness to Experience? A test of the O/I model. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 571–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.05.013
  • Oleynick, V. C., DeYoung, C. G., Hyde, E., Kaufman, S. B., Beaty, R. E., & Silvia, P. J. (2017). Openness/intellect: The core of the creative personality. In G. J. Feist, R. Reiter-Palmon, & J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity and personality research. (pp. 9–27). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316228036.002
  • Proctor, C. (2014). Subjective well-being (SWB). In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. (pp. 6437–6441). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2905
  • Quilty, L. C., Pelletier, M., DeYoung, C. G., & Michael Bagby, R. (2013). Hierarchical personality traits and the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1-3), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.012
  • Quilty, L. C., Sellbom, M., Tackett, J. L., & Bagby, R. M. (2009). Personality trait predictors of bipolar disorder symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 169(2), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.07.004
  • Raine, A., & Benishay, D. (1995). The SPQ-B: A brief screening instrument for schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9(4), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1995.9.4.346
  • Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., Scerbo, A., Triphon, N., & Kim, D. (1994). Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(1), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/20.1.191
  • Ross, S. R., Lutz, C. J., & Bailley, S. E. (2002). Positive and negative symptoms of schizotypy and the Five-Factor Model: A domain and facet level analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 79(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7901_04
  • Russo, D., Masegosa, A. R., & Stol, K.-J. (2022). From anecdote to evidence: The relationship between personality and need for cognition of developers. Empirical Software Engineering, 27(3), 71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-021-10106-1
  • Samuel, D., & Widiger, T. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(8), 1326–1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.002
  • Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(8), 1055–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2002.09.001
  • Silvia, P. J., & Christensen, A. P. (2020). Looking up at the curious personality: Individual differences in curiosity and openness to experience. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 35, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.05.013
  • Sun, J., Kaufman, S. B., & Smillie, L. D. (2018). Unique associations between Big Five personality aspects and multiple dimensions of well‐being. Journal of Personality, 86(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12301
  • Sutin, A. R. (2017). Openness. In T. A. Widiger (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the Five Factor Model. (pp. 83–104). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.16
  • Thielmann, I., Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2021). On the comparability of basic personality models: Meta-analytic correspondence, scope, and orthogonality of the Big Five and HEXACO dimensions. European Journal of Personality. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070211026793
  • Trogrlić, A., & Vasić, A. (2009). The convergent and discriminant validity of the need for cognition. Psihologija, 42(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.2298/psi0902173t
  • Wakabayashi, A. (2014). A sixth personality domain that is independent of the Big Five domains: The psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory in a Japanese sample. Japanese Psychological Research, 56(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12045
  • Watson, D., Stasik, S. M., Ro, E., & Clark, L. A. (2013). Integrating normal and pathological personality: Relating the DSM-5 trait-dimensional model to general traits of personality. Assessment, 20(3), 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113485810
  • Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 178, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00178
  • Wiernik, B. M., Yarkoni, T., Giordano, C., & Raghavan, M. (2020). Two, five, six, eight (thousand): Time to end the dimension reduction debate!. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/d7je
  • Woo, S. E., Chernyshenko, O. S., Longley, A., Zhang, Z. X., Chiu, C. Y., & Stark, S. E. (2014). Openness to experience: Its lower level structure, measurement, and cross-cultural equivalence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.806328
  • Woo, S. E., Harms, P. D., & Kuncel, N. R. (2007). Integrating personality and intelligence: Typical intellectual engagement and need for cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1635–1639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.022
  • World Health Organization. (1998). Wellbeing measures in primary health care/the DEPCARE project: Report on a WHO meeting, Stockholm, Sweden 12–13 February 1998. In Wellbeing measures in primary health care/the DEPCARE project: Report on a WHO meeting. 12–13 February 1998.
  • Zajenkowski, M., & Matthews, G. (2019). Intellect and openness differentially predict affect: Perceived and objective cognitive ability contexts. Personality and Individual Differences, 137, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.