Association Between Loneliness and Suicidality During Middle Childhood and Adolescence: Longitudinal Effects and the Role of Demographic Characteristics

REFERENCES

• Achenbach , T. M. 1991 . Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 Profile , Burlington, VT : University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. 1992 . Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist 2–3 and 1992 Profile , Burlington, VT : University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Asher , S. R. , Hymel , S. and Renshaw , P. 1984 . Loneliness in children . Child Development , 55 : 1456 – 1464 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagner , D. M. , Storch , E. A. and Roberti , J. W. 2004 . A factor analytic study of the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale in sample of African-American and Hispanic-American children . Child Psychiatry & Human Development , 34 : 237 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan , T. 1982 . “ Loneliness at adolescence ” . In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. A. and Perlman , D. 269 – 290 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Brennan , T. and Auslander , N. 1979 . Adolescent loneliness: An exploratory study of social and psychological predispositions and theory , Vol. 1 , Bethesda, MD : National Institute of Mental Health, Juvenile Problems Division .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . 2008 . “ National Center for Injury Prevention and Control ” . In Suicide: Facts at a glance , Atlanta, GA: CDC, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control . Retrieved January 4, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/Suicide/SuicideDataSheet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chen , L. J. and Chung , S. K. 2007 . Loneliness, social connectedness, and family income among undergraduate females and males in Taiwan . Social Behavior and Personality , 35 : 1353 – 1364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipuer , H. M. 2004 . Australian children's understanding of loneliness . Australian Journal of Psychology , 56 : 147 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby , A. E. and Molock , S. D. 2006 . Introduction: Suicidal behaviors in the African American community . Journal of Black Psychology , 32 : 253 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton , D. K. , Kann , L. , Kinchen , S. , Shanklin , S. , Ross , J. , Hawkins , J. , Harris , W. A. , Lowry , R. , McManus , T. , Chyen , D. , Lim , C. , Whittle , L. , Brener , N. D. and Wechsler , H. 2010 . Youth risk behavior surveillance : United States, 2009 . MMWR Weekly , 59 ( SS 5 ) : 1 – 36 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer , C. S. and Phillips , S. L. 1982 . “ Who is alone? Social characteristics of people with small networks ” . In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. A. and Perlman , D. 269 – 290 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Goossens , L. 2006 . “ Affect, emotion, and loneliness in adolescence ” . In Handbook of adolescent development , Edited by: Jackson , S. and Goossens , L. 51 – 70 . Hove, Great Britain : Psychology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hawthorne , G. 2008 . Perceived social isolation in a community sample: Its prevalence and correlates with aspects of peoples’ lives . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 43 : 140 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich , L. M. and Gullone , E. 2006 . The clinical significance of loneliness . Clinical Psychology Review , 26 : 695 – 718 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeglic , E. L. , Pepper , C. M. , Vanderhoff , H. A. and Ryabchenko , K. A. 2007 . An analysis of suicidal ideation in a college sample . Archives of Suicide Research , 11 : 41 – 56 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joe , S. 2006 . Explaining changes in the patterns of Black suicide in the United States from 1981 to 2002: An age, cohort, and period analysis . Journal of Black Psychology , 32 : 262 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joe , S. , Clarke , J. , Ivey , A. Z. , Kerr , D. and King , C. A. 2007 . Impact of familial factors and psychopathology on suicidality among African American adolescents . Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment , 15 : 199 – 218 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joe , S. and Marcus , S. C. 2003 . Data points: Trends by race and gender in suicide attempts among U.S. adolescents, 1991–2001 . Psychiatric Services , 54 : 454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. 2005 . Why people die by suicide , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , A. C. , Schinka , K. C. , van Dulmen , M. H. M , Bossarte , R. and Swahn , M. in press . Changes in loneliness during middle childhood predict risk for adolescent suicidality indirectly through mental health problems . Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology ,
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , W. H. , Carpenter , B. N. and Quintana , D. 1985 . Personality and interpersonal predictors of loneliness in two cultures . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1503 – 1511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , C. A. and Merchant , C. 2008 . Social and interpersonal factors relating to adolescent suicidality: A review of the literature . Archives of Suicide Research , 12 : 181 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig , L. J. and Abrams , R. F. 1999 . “ Adolescent loneliness and adjustment: A focus on gender differences ” . In Loneliness in childhood and adolescence , Edited by: Rotenberg , K. J. and Hymel , S. 296 – 322 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koenig , L. J. , Isaacs , A. M. and Schwartz , J. A. J. 1994 . Sex differences in adolescent depression and loneliness: Why are boys lonelier if girls are more depressed? . Journal of Research in Personality , 28 : 27 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauder , W. , Mummery , K. and Sharkey , S. 2006 . Social capital, age, and religiosity in people who are lonely . Journal of Clinical Nursing , 15 : 334 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcoen , A. , Goossens , L. and Caes , P. 1987 . Loneliness in pre- through late adolescence: Exploring the contributions of a multidimensional approach . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 16 : 561 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negron , R. , Piacentini , J. , Graae , F. , Davis , M. and Shaffer , D. 1997 . Microanalysis of adolescent suicide attempters and ideators during the acute suicidal episode . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 36 : 1512 – 1519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHD Early Child Care Research Network . 2000 . The relation of child care to cognitive and language development . Child Development , 71 : 958 – 978 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir , U. and Tuncay , T. 2008 . Correlates of loneliness among university students . Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health , 2 : 29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page , R. M. and Cole , G. E. 1991 . Demographic predictors of self-reported loneliness in adults . Psychological Reports , 68 : 939 – 945 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page , R. M. , Yanagishita , J. , Suwanteerangkul , J. , Zarco , E. P. , Mei-Lee , C. and Miao , N. 2006 . Hopelessness and loneliness among suicide attempters in school-based samples of Taiwanese, Philippine, and Thai adolescents . School Psychology International , 27 : 583 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkhurst , J. T. and Hopmeyer , A. 1999 . “ Developmental change in the sources of loneliness in childhood and adolescence: Constructing a theoretical model ” . In Loneliness in childhood and adolescence , Edited by: Rotenberg , K. J. and Hymel , S. 56 – 79 . Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peplau , L. A. and Perlman , D. 1982 . Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Qualter , P. and Brown , S. L. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence . Philadelphia, PA. Trajectories of loneliness during childhood and adolescence ,
   Google Scholar
• Rich , A. R. , Kirkpatrick-Smith , J. , Bonner , R. L. and Jans , F. 1992 . Gender differences in the psychosocial correlates of suicidal ideation among adolescents . Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior , 22 : 364 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , R. E. , Roberts , C. R. and Chen , R. Y. 1998 . Suicidal thinking among adolescents with a history of attempted suicide . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 : 1294 – 1300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas , Y. and Stenberg , S.-A. 2010 . Early life circumstances and male suicide: A 30-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953 . Social Sciences and Medicine , 70 : 420 – 427 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter , P. A. and Behrendt , A. E. 2004 . Adolescent suicide risk: Four psychosocial factors . Adolescence , 39 : 295 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinka , K. C. , van Dulmen , M. H. M. , Mata , A. D. , Swahn , M. and Bossarte , R. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research on Child Development . Montreal, Canada. Predictors and outcomes of loneliness trajectories from middle childhood to adolescence ,
   Google Scholar
• Stack , S. and Wasserman , I. 2007 . Economic strain and suicide risk: A qualitative analysis . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 37 : 103 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trout , D. 1980 . The role of social isolation in suicide . Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior , 10 : 10 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Bergen , D. D. , Smit , J. H. , van Balkom , A. J. L. M. , van Ameijden , E. and Saharso , S. 2008 . Suicidal ideation in ethnic minority and majority adolescents in Utrecht, The Netherlands . Crisis , 29 : 202 – 208 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Roekel , E , Scholte , R. H. J. , Verhagen , M. , Goossens , L. and Engels , R. C. M. E. 2010 . Loneliness in adolescence: Gene x environment interactions involving the serotonin transporter gene . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 51 : 747 – 754 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Ma , J. , Jia , C. , Sun , J. , Guo , X. , Xu , A. and Li , W. 2010 . Economic growth and suicide rate changes: A case in China from 1982 to 2005 . European Psychiatry , 25 : 159 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar