Leaning In and Out: Work–Life Tradeoffs, Self-Conscious Emotions, and Life Role Satisfaction

References

• Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and Society, 4(2), 139–158. doi:10.1177/089124390004002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, T. D., & Russell, J. E. (1999). Parental leave of absence: Some not so family‐friendly implications. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(1), 166–191. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01380.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278–308. doi:10.1037//1076-8998.5.2.278
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Almer, E. D., Cohen, J. R., & Single, L. E. (2004). Is it the kids or the schedule? The incremental effect of families and flexible scheduling on perceived career outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 51–65. doi:10.1023/B:BUSI.0000043496.47644.38
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amatea, E. S., Cross, E. G., Clark, J. E., & Bobby, C. L. (1986). Assessing the work and family role expectations of career-oriented men and women: The life role salience scales. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48(4), 831–838. doi:10.2307/352576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammons, S. K., & Edgell, P. (2007). Religious influences on work–family trade-offs. Journal of Family Issues, 28(6), 794–826. doi:10.1177/0192513X07299682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of work–family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 151–169. doi:10.1037/a0022170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryee, S., Srinivas, E. S., & Tan, H. H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 132–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325–374. doi:10.1177/0149206308316059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, C. M., Schaubroeck, J., Huth, M., & Ghumman, S. (2011). Lack of sleep and unethical conduct. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 169–180. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, R. C., & Lundgren, L. (1998). Dual-earner couples and the decision to work less: A conceptual model. Community, Work, and Family, 1(3), 273–295. doi:10.1080/13668809808414236
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252–1265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behson, S. J. (2002). Coping with family-to-work conflict: The role of informal work accommodations to family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(4), 324–341.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blair-Loy, M. (2003). Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blair-Loy, M., & Wharton, A. S. (2004). Mothers in finance: Surviving and thriving. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596(1), 151–171. doi:10.1177/0002716204268820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bono, J. E., Glomb, T. M., Shen, W., Kim, E., & Koch, A. J. (2013). Building positive resources: Effects of positive events and positive reflection on work stress and health. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1601–1627. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7(5), 345–374. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(66)80065-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307–311. doi:10.1037/h0055617
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brim, O. G., Baltes, P. B., Bumpass, L. L., Cleary, P. D., Featherman, D. L., Hazzard, W. R., … Shweder, R. A. (1996). National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), 1995–1996. Cambridge, MA: Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School.
   Google Scholar
• Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. doi:10.1177/1745691610393980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). American time use survey. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/tus/tustabs.htm
   Google Scholar
• Buzzanell, P. M., Meisenbach, R., Remke, R., Liu, M., Bowers, V., & Conn, C. (2005). The good working mother: Managerial women’s sensemaking and feelings about work-life issues. Communication Studies, 56(3), 261–285. doi:10.1080/10510970500181389
   Google Scholar
• Carr, D. (2002). The psychological consequences of work-family trade-offs for three cohorts of men and women. Social Psychology Quarterly, 65(2), 103–124. doi:10.2307/3090096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper, W. J., Vaziri, H., Wayne, J. H., DeHauw, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2018). The jingle-jangle of work-nonwork balance: A comprehensive and meta-analytic review of its meaning and measurement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(2), 182–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2002). Gender differences in the importance of work and family roles: Implications for work-family conflict. Sex Roles, 47(11/12), 531–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coser, L. (1974). Greedy institutions: Patterns of undivided commitment. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122(1), 5–37. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.122.1.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahm, P. C., Glomb, T. M., Manchester, C. F., & Leroy, S. (2015). Work-family conflict and self-discrepant time allocation at work . Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(3), 767–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahm, P. C., Kim, Y., Glomb, T. M., & Harrison, S. H. (2018). Identity affirmation as threat? Time-bending sensemaking and the career and family identity patterns of early achievers. Academy of Management Journal. Advance online publication. doi:10.5465/amj.2016.0699
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darlington, R. B. (1990). Regression and linear models. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, J. A., & Smith, T. W. (1996). General social surveys. 1972-1996: Cumulative codebook. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drago, R. (2009). The parenting of infants: A time-use study. Monthly Labor Review, 132, 33–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S., & Greenhaus, J. (2000). Work and family—Allies or enemies. London: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuegen, K., Biernat, M., Haines, E., & Deaux, K. (2004). Mothers and fathers in the workplace: How gender and parental status influence judgments of job-related competence. Journal of Social Issues, 60(4), 737–754. doi:10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00383.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galinsky, E., Bond, J. T., & Friedman, D. E. (1993). The changing workforce: Highlights of the national study. New York: Families and Work Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Gilovich, T., & Medvec, V. H. (1995). The experience of regret: What, when, and why. Psychological Review, 102(2), 379–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, J. (2004). Blessing or curse? Work-Family Policies and Mother’s Wage Growth over Time. Work and Occupations, 31, 367–394. doi:10.1177/0730888404266364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64–86. doi:10.5465/256352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2003). When work and family collide: Deciding between competing role demands. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(2), 291–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guendouzi, J. (2006). “The guilt thing”: Balancing domestic and professional roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 901–909. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00303.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer, L. B., Neal, M. B., Newsom, J. T., Brockwood, K. J., & Colton, C. L. (2005). A longitudinal study of the effects of dual-earner couples' utilization of family-friendly workplace supports on work and family outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 799–810. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319–340. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A. (1997). The time bind. WorkingUSA, 1(2), 21–29. doi:10.1111/j.1743-4580.1997.tb00019.x
   Google Scholar
• Hogan, D. P., & Astone, N. M. (1986). The transition to adulthood. Annual Review of Sociology, 12(1), 109–130. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.12.1.109
   Google Scholar
• Howell, R. D., Breivik, E., & Wilcox, J. B. (2007). Reconsidering formative measurement. Psychological Methods, 12(2), 205–218. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra, H. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 764–791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra, H., & Barbulescu, R. (2010). Identity as narrative: Prevalence, effectiveness and consequences of narrative identity work in macro work role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 35, 135–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilies, R., Pater, I. E., Lim, S., & Binnewies, C. (2012). Attributed causes for work–family conflict: Emotional and behavioral outcomes. Organizational Psychology Review, 2(4), 293–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., Ilies, R., & Scott, B. A. (2006). Work-family conflict and emotions: Effects at work and at home. Personnel Psychology, 59(4), 779–814. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00054.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C., Schaefer, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 1–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kmec, J. A. (1999). Multiple aspects of work–family conflict. Sociological Focus, 32(3), 265–285. doi:10.1080/00380237.1999.10571141
   Google Scholar
• Kopelman, R. E., Greenhaus, J. H., & Connolly, T. F. (1983). A model of work, family, and interrole conflict: A construct validation study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32(2), 198–215. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(83)90147-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossek, E. E., & Distelberg, B. (2009). Work and family employment policy for a transformed work force: Trends and themes. In N. Crouter, A. Booth (Eds.), Work-life policies (pp. 3–51). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work-family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347–367. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Psychological stress in the workplace. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lecci, L., Okun, M. A., & Karoly, P. (1994). Life regrets and current goals as predictors of psychological adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 731. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.66.4.731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie, L. M., Manchester, C. F., Park, T.-Y., & Mehng, S. A. (2012). Flexible work practices: A source of career premiums or penalties? Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1407–1428. doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. (2008). Self-conscious emotions: Embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 742–756). New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, S., Wang, M., Zhan, Y., & Shi, J. (2009). Daily work stress and alcohol use: Testing the cross-level moderation effects of neuroticism and job involvement. Personnel Psychology, 62(3), 575–597. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2009.01149.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, B. A., & Judge, T. A. (2008). Emotional responses to work-family conflict: An examination of gender role orientation among working men and women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 207–216. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Jarvis, C. B. (2005). The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioral and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 710–730. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchester, C. F., Leslie, L. M., & Kramer, A. (2013). Is the clock still ticking? An evaluation of the consequences of stopping the tenure clock. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 66, 3–31. doi:10.1177/001979391306600101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marini, M. M. (1984). Age and sequencing norms in the transition to adulthood. Social Forces, 63(1), 229–244. doi:10.1093/sf/63.1.229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, P. (1976). Depression as a specific response to stress. In I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (pp. 297–323). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
   Google Scholar
• Medved, C. E., Brogan, S. M., McClanahan, A. M., Morris, J. F., & Shepherd, G. J. (2006). Family and work socializing communication: Messages, gender, and ideological implications. The Journal of Family Communication, 6(3), 161–180. doi:10.1207/s15327698jfc0603_1
   Google Scholar
• Mennino, S. F., & Brayfield, A. (2002). Job-family trade-offs. Work and Occupations, 29(2), 226–256. doi:10.1177/0730888402029002005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mickel, A. E., & Dallimore, E. J. (2009). Life-quality decisions: Tension-management strategies used by individuals when making trade-offs. Human Relations, 62(5), 627–668. doi:10.1177/0018726709103453
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. E. (2000). Why is this happening? A causal attribution approach to work exhaustion consequences. Academy of Management Review,5, 335–349. doi:10.5465/amr.2000.3312920
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus statistical modeling software: Release 7.0. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. [Computer Software].
   Google Scholar
• Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work–family conflict and family–work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400–410. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, N. P., Shen, W., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2006). The role of formative measurement models in strategic management research: Review, critique, and implications for future research. Research Methodology in Strategy and Management, 3, 197–252.
   Google Scholar
• Polasky, L. J., & Holahan, C. K. (1998). Maternal self-discrepancies, interrole conflict, and negative affect among married professional women with children. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(3), 388–401. doi:10.1037//0893-3200.12.3.388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2012). When family considerations influence work decisions: Decision-making processes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(3), 322–329. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, L. L., Myers, K. K., & Gailliard, B. M. (2014). Examining the tensions in workplace flexibility and exploring options for new directions. Human Relations, 67(4), 413–440. doi:10.1177/0018726713495704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichl, C., Leiter, M. P., & Spinath, F. M. (2014). Work–nonwork conflict and burnout: A meta-analysis. Human Relations, 67(8), 979–1005. doi:10.1177/0018726713509857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg, S. (2013). Lean in: Women, work, and the will to lead. New York: Knopf.
   Google Scholar
• Schnittger, M. H., & Bird, G. W. (1990). Coping among dual-career men and women across the family life cycle. Family Relations, 39(2), 199–205. doi:10.2307/585724
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumm, W. R., Nichols, C. W., Schectman, K. L., & Grigsby, C. C. (1983). Characteristics of responses to the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale by a sample of 84 married mothers. Psychological Reports, 53, 567–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selig, J. P., & Preacher, K. J. (2008, June). Monte Carlo method for assessing mediation: An interactive tool for creating confidence intervals for indirect effects [Computer Software]. Retrieved from http://quantpsy.org/
   Google Scholar
• Skinner, D. A., & McCubbin, H. I. (1987). Dual employed coping scales. In H. I. McCubbin & A. I. Thompson (Eds.), Family assessment inventories for research and practice (pp. 257–270). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
   Google Scholar
• Society for Human Resource Management. (2015). 2015 Strategic benefits—Flexible work arrangements (FWAs). Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/research-andsurveys/Pages/2015-StrategicBenefits%E2%80%95Flexible-Work-Arrangements.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 204–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangney, J. P. (1991). Moral affect: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 598–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York: The Guild Ford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tangney, J. P., Niedenthal, P. M., Covert, M. V., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Are shame and guilt related to distinct self-discrepancies? A test of Higgins's (1987) hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(1), 256–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoits, P. A. (1983). Dimensions of life events that influence psychological distress: An evaluation and synthesis of the literature. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Psychological stress: Trends in theory and research (pp. 33–103). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(10), 1339–1351. doi:10.1177/0146167206290212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form. Unpublished manuscript. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
   Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J. C., Blair‐Loy, M., & Berdahl, J. L. (2013). Cultural schemas, social class, and the flexibility stigma. Journal of Social Issues, 69(2), 209–234. doi:10.1111/josi.12012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeelenberg, M., & Pieters, R. (2007). A theory of regret regulation 1.0. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(1), 3–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar