Flexible Work Arrangements, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Work-to-Family Enrichment

REFERENCES

• Allen , T. 2001 . Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 58 : 414 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , S. , Coffey , B. S. and Byerly , R. 2002 . Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work–family conflict and job-related outcomes . Journal of Management , 28 : 787 – 810 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryee , S. , Srinivas , E. S. and Tan , H. H. 2005 . Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work–family balance in employed parents . Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 : 132 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmforth , K. and Gardner , D. 2006 . Conflict and facilitation between work and family: Realizing the outcomes for organizations . New Zealand Journal of Psychology , 35 ( 2 ) : 69 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltes , B. B. , Briggs , T. E. , Huff , J. W. , Wright , J. A. and Neuman , G. A. 1999 . Flexible and compressed workweek schedules: A meta-analysis of their effects on work-related criteria . Journal of Applied Psychology , 84 : 496 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt , R. and Valcour , P. M. 2003 . Human resources practices as predictors of work–family outcomes and employee turnover . Industrial Relations , 42 : 189 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beham , B. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology . San Francisco, CA. Supportive work environments and work–family enrichment: Evidence from German hospital workers ,
   Google Scholar
• Blau , P. 1964 . Exchange and power in social life , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Bond , J. T. , Thompson , C. A. , Galinsky , E. and Prottas , D. 2002 . Highlights of the National Study of the Changing Workforce , New York : Families and Work Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Byron , K. 2005 . A meta-analytic review of work–family interference and its antecedents . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 67 : 169 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper , W. J. , Eby , L. T. , Bordeaux , C. , Lockwood , A. and Lambert , D. 2007 . A review of research methods in IO/OB work–family research . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 28 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper , W. J. and Harris , C. M. 2008 . Work-life benefits and organizational attachment: Self-interest utility and signaling theory models . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 72 : 95 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , D. S. , Ferguson , M. , Kacmar , K. M. and Grzywacz , J. G. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology . New Orleans, LA. Pay it forward: The positive crossover effects of supervisor work–family enrichment ,
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , D. S. , Kacmar , K. M. , Wayne , J. H. and Grzywacz , J. G. 2006 . Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 68 : 131 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colarelli , S. M. 1984 . Methods of communication and mediating processes in realistic job previews . Journal of Applied Psychology , 69 : 633 – 642 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dipboye , R. L . 1990 . “ Laboratory vs. field research in industrial and organizational psychology ” . In International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology , Edited by: Cooper , C. L. and Robertson , I. T. Vol. 5 , 1 – 34 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Eby , L. T. , Casper , W. J. , Lockwood , A. , Bordeaux , C. and Brinley , A. 2005 . Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature (1980–2002) . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 66 : 124 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friede , A. and Ryan , A. M. 2005 . “ The importance of the individual: How self-evaluations influence the work–family interface ” . In Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives , Edited by: Kossek , E. E. and Lambert , S. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Frone , M. R. 2003 . “ Work–family balance ” . In Handbook of occupational health psychology , Edited by: Quick , J. C. and Tetrick , L. E. 143 – 162 . Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gajendran , R. S. and Harrison , D. A. 2007 . The good, the bad, the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences . Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 : 1524 – 1541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galinsky , E. , Bond , J. and Sakai , K. 2008 . 2008 National Study of Employers Retrieved January 28, 2009, from http://familiesandwork.org/site/research/reports/2008nse.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , J. R. , Whelan-Berry , K. S. and Hamilton , E. A. 2007 . The relationship among work–family conflict and enhancement, organizational work–family culture, and work outcomes for older working women . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 12 : 350 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus , J. H. and Beutell , N. J. 1985 . Sources of conflict between work and family roles . Academy of Management Review , 10 : 76 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenhaus , J. H. and Powell , G. N. 2006 . When work and family are allies: A theory of work–family enrichment . Academy of Management Review , 31 : 72 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover , S. L. and Crooker , K. J. 1995 . Who appreciates family-responsive human resource policies: The impact of family-friendly policies on the organizational attachment of parents and nonparents . Personnel Psychology , 48 : 271 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzywacz , J. G. and Butler , A. B. 2005 . The impact of job characteristics on work–family facilitation: Testing a theory and distinguishing a construct . Journal of Occupational and Health Psychology , 10 : 97 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzywacz , J. G. and Marks , N. F. 2000 . Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 5 : 111 – 126 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammer , L. B. , Allen , E. and Grigsby , A. 1997 . Work–family conflict in dual-earner couples: Within-individual and crossover effects of work and family . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 50 : 185 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer , L. B. , Cullen , J. C. , Neal , M. B. , Sinclair , R. R. and Shafiro , M. V. 2005 . The longitudinal effects of work–family conflict and positive spillover on depressive symptoms among dual-earner couples . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 10 : 138 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , G. C. , Hammer , L. B. and Colton , C. L. 2006 . Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work–family positive spillover . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , 11 : 249 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge , T. A. , Ilies , R. and Scott , B. A. 2006 . Work–family conflict and emotions: Effects at work and home . Personnel Psychology , 59 : 779 – 814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , E. L. , Kossek , E. E. , Hammer , L. B. , Durham , M. , Bray , J. Chermack , K. 2008 . Getting there from here. Research on the effects of work–family initiatives on work–family conflict and business outcomes . Academy of Management Annals , 2 : 305 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossek , E. E. , Lautsch , B. A. and Eaton , S. C. 2006 . Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work–family effectiveness . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 68 : 347 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan , H. K. and Mao , Y. Paper presented at the 2008 Academy of Management Conference . Los Angeles, CA. Role of citizenship behavior on personal learning and work–family enrichment ,
   Google Scholar
• Lambert , A. D. , Marler , J. H. and Gueutal , H. G. 2008 . Individual differences: Factors affecting employee utilization of flexible work arrangements . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 73 : 107 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. D. , MacDermid , S. M. and Buck , M. L. 2002 . “ Reduced-load work arrangements: Response to stress or quest for integrity of functioning? ” . In Gender, work stress, and health , Edited by: Nelson , D. L. and Burke , R. J. 169 – 190 . Washington : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Lyness , K. S. and Judiesh , M. K. 2008 . Can a manager have a life and a career? International and multisource perspectives on work-life balance and career advancement potential . Journal of Applied Psychology , 93 : 789 – 805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke , E. A. 1976 . “ The nature and causes of job satisfaction ” . In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology , Edited by: Dunnette , M. D. 1297 – 1343 . Chicago : Rand .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , S. R. 1977 . Multiple roles and role strain some notes on human energy time and commitment . American Sociological Review , 2 : 921 – 936 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , S. S. , Moye , N. A. and Bartol , K. M. 2003 . “ Social exchange and justice: Further examining the source of justice ” . In Perceived organizational support: Relationships with psychological contracts, fairness, and affectivity Edited by: Eisenberger , R. (Chair) . Symposium conducted at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Orlando, FL
   Google Scholar
• McNall , L. A. , Nicklin , J. M. and Masuda , A. D. A meta-analytic review of the consequences associated with work–family enrichment (in press), Manuscript submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Mesmer-Magnus , J. R. and Viswesvaran , C. 2006 . How family-friendly work environments affect work/family conflict: A meta-analytic examination . Journal of Labor Research , 4 : 555 – 574 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel , J. S. and Clark , M. A. 2009 . Has it been affect all along? A test of work-to-family and family-to-work models of conflict, enrichment, and satisfaction . Personality and Individual Differences , 47 : 163 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicklin , J. M. and Roch , S. G. 2009 . Letters of recommendation: Controversy and consensus from expert perspectives . International Journal of Selection and Assessment , 17 : 76 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , S. and Greenhaus , J. H. 2002 . Toward reducing some critical gaps in work-family research . Human Resource Management Review , 12 : 299 – 312 .
   Google Scholar
• Preacher , K. J. and Leonardelli , G. J. 2001, March . Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests [Computer software] Available from http://www.unc.edu/~preacher/sobel/sobel.htm
   Google Scholar
• Rhoades , L. and Eisenberger , R. 2002 . Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature . Journal of Applied Psychology , 87 : 698 – 714 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruderman , M. N. , Ohlott , P. J. , Panzer , K. and King , S. N. 2002 . Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women . Academy of Management Journal , 45 : 369 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , A. M. and Kossek , E. E. 2008 . Work–life policy implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness? . Human Resource Management , 47 : 295 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shockley , K. M. and Allen , T. D. 2007 . When flexibility helps: Another look at the availability of flexible work arrangements and work–family conflict . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 71 : 479 – 493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieber , S. D. 1974 . Toward a theory of role accumulation . American Sociological Review , 39 : 567 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Society for Human Resource Management . 2008 . 2008 employee benefits survey Retrieved December 31, 2008, from http://www.shrm.org/hrresources/surveys_published/2008%20Benefits%20Survey%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Spector , P. E. , Cooper , C. L. , Poelmans , S. A. Y. , Allen , T. D. , O’Driscoll , M. P. Sanchez , J. I. 2004 . A cross-national comparative study of work/family stressors, working hours, and well-being: China and Latin America vs . the Anglo world. Personnel Psychology , 57 : 119 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence , A. 1973 . Job market signaling . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 87 : 355 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton , J. M. and Weiss , E. M. 2002 . Online panels for social science research: An introduction of the StudyResponse Project (Tech. Rep. No. 13001) , Syracuse, NY : Syracuse University, School of Information Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Tett , R. P. and Meyer , J. P. 1993 . Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings . Personnel Psychology , 46 : 259 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , L. T. and Ganster , D. C. 1995 . Impact of family-supportive work variables on work–family conflict and strain: A control perspective . Journal of Applied Psychology , 80 : 6 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towers Perrin . n.d. . Global workforce study Retrieved December 30, 2008, from http://www.towersperrin.com/tp/showhtml.jsp?url=global/publications/gws/index.htm&country=global
   Google Scholar
• Wayne , J. H. , Grzywacz , J. G. , Carlson , D. S. and Kacmar , K. M. 2007 . Work–family facilitation: A theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences . Human Resource Management Review , 17 : 63 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Wayne , J. H. , Musisca , N. and Fleeson , W. 2004 . Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work–family conflict and facilitation . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 64 : 108 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne , J. H. , Randel , A. E. and Stevens , J. 2006 . The role of identity and work—family support in work–family enrichment and its work-related consequences . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 69 : 445 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WorldatWork . 2006 . Telework trendlines for 2006 Retrieved August 22, 2007, from http://www.workingfromanywhere.org/news/Trendlines2006.pdf
   Google Scholar