Gender, Race, and Risk: Intersectional Risk Management in the Sale of Sex Online

References

• Beckham, K., & Prochaska, A. (2012). Deviant men, prostitution, and the Internet: A qualitative analysis of men who killed prostitutes whom they met online. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 7(2), 635–648. Retrieved from http://www.sascv.org/ijcjs/pdfs/BechamProhaskaijcjs2012iindissue.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, E. (2007). Temporarily yours: Intimacy, authenticity, and the commerce of sex. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan, R. L., & Prediger, D. J. (1981). Coefficient kappa: Some uses, misuses, and alternatives. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 41, 687–699. doi:10.1177/001316448104100307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brents, B. G., & Hausbeck, K. (2005). Violence and legalized brothel prostitution in Nevada: Examining safety, risk, and prostitution policy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(3), 270–295. doi:10.1177/0886260504270333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, D. D., Dudek, J. A., Potterat, J. J., Muth, S. Q., Roberts, J. M., & Woodhouse, D. E. (2006). Extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 51(5), 1101–1108. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00206.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, W., & Rigakos, G. (2002). Risk, crime and gender. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 743–761. doi:10.1093/bjc/42.4.743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra, A., & Skinner, J. (2003). Geography and racial health disparities ( No. w9513). National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Church, S., Henderson, M., Barnard, M., & Hart, G. (2001). Violence by clients towards female prostitutes in different work settings: Questionnaire survey. BMJ, 322(7285), 524–525. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7285.524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170. doi:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.lib.umich.edu/10.1037/a0014564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039
   Google Scholar
• Crosby, R. A., & Pitts, N. L. (2007). Caught between different worlds: How transgendered women may be “forced” into risky sex. Journal of Sex Research, 44(1), 43–48. doi:10.1080/00224490709336791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, S., & Kendall, T. D. (2011). Prostitution 2.0: The changing face of sex work. Journal of Urban Economics, 69(3), 273–287. doi:10.1016/j.jue.2010.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daley, A., Solomon, S., Newman, P. A., & Mishna, F. (2008). Traversing the margins: Intersectionalities in the bullying of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 19(3–4), 9–29. doi:10.1080/10538720802161474
   Google Scholar
• Dalla, R. L. (2002). Night moves: A qualitative investigation of street-level sex work. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(1), 63–73. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, K., & Evans, L. (2007). A virtual view of managing violence among British escorts. Deviant Behavior, 28(6), 525–551. doi:10.1080/01639620701316830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, M. (1992). Risk and danger: Essays in cultural theory. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Earle, S., & Sharp, K. (2007). Sex in cyberspace: Men who pay for sex. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Glaze, L. E. & Kaeble, D. (2014). Correctional populations in the United States, 2013. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.antoniocasella.eu/nume/Glaze_Kaeble_dec14.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gorry, J., Roen, K., & Reilly, J. (2010). Selling your self? The psychological impact of street sex work and factors affecting support seeking. Health and Social Care in the Community, 18(5), 492–499. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2010.00925.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, L. F., Crissman, H. P., Tocco, J., Hughes, L. A., Snow, R. C., & Padilla, M. B. (2014). Interpersonal relationships and social support in transitioning narratives of Black transgender women in Detroit. International Journal of Transgenderism, 15(2), 100–113. doi:10.1080/15532739.2014.937042
   Google Scholar
• Harrell, E., Langton, L., Berzofsky, M., Couzens, L., & Smiley-McDonald, H. (2014). Household poverty and nonfatal violent victimization, 2008–2012. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved from http://149.101.16.41/content/pub/pdf/hpnvv0812.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hausbeck, K., & Brents, B. (2010). Nevada’s legal brothels. In R. Weitzer (Ed.), Sex for sale: Prostitution, pornography, and the sex industry (2nd ed., pp. 255–282). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Koken, J. (2012). Independent female escort’s strategies for coping with sex work related stigma. Sexuality and Culture, 16(3), 209–229. doi:10.1007/s12119-011-9120-3
   Google Scholar
• Koken, J., Bimbi, D. S., & Parsons, J. T. (2010). Male and female escorts: A comparative analysis. In R. Weitzer (Ed.), Sex for sale: Prostitution, pornography and the sex industry (2nd ed., pp. 205–232). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misperceptions and recommendations. Human Communication Research, 30, 411–433. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtz, S. P., Surratt, H. L., Inciardi, J. A., & Kiley, M. C. (2004). Sex work and “date” violence. Violence Against Women, 10(4), 357–385. doi:10.1177/1077801204263199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: Assessing and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28, 587–604. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00826.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi, E. L., Wilchins, R. A., Priesing, D., & Malouf, D. (2002). Gender violence: Transgender experiences with violence and discrimination. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 89–101. doi:10.1300/J082v42n01_05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutnick, A., & Cohan, D. (2009). Criminalization, legalization, or decriminalization of sex work: What female sex workers say in San Francisco, USA. Reproductive Health Matters, 17(34), 38–46. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(09)34469-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markey, P. M., & Markey, C. N. (2013). Seasonal variation in Internet keyword searches: A proxy assessment of sex mating behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(4), 515–521. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9996-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, D. (2010). Evaluating the severity of hate-motivated violence: Intersectional differences among LGBT hate crime victims. Sociology, 44(5), 980–995. doi:10.1177/0038038510375737
   Google Scholar
• Milrod, C., & Monto, M. A. (2012). The hobbyist and the girlfriend experience: Behaviors and preferences of male customers of Internet sexual service providers. Deviant Behavior, 33(10), 792–810. doi:10.1080/01639625.2012.707502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• More bang for your buck: How new technology is shaking up the oldest business. (2014, August 9). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21611074-how-new-technology-shaking-up-oldest-business-more-bang-your-buck.
   Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Parsons, J. T., Bimbi, D., & Halkitis, P. N. (2001). Sexual compulsivity among gay/bisexual male escorts who advertise on the Internet. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 8(2), 101–112. doi:10.1080/10720160127562
   Google Scholar
• Parsons, J. T., Koken, J. A., & Bimbi, D. S. (2004). The use of the Internet by gay and bisexual male escorts: Sex workers as sex educators. AIDS Care, 16(8), 1021–1035. doi:10.1080/09540120412331292405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, J., & Bonilla, L. (2000). Drug use, HIV, and the ecology of street prostitution. In R. Weitzer (Ed.), Sex for sale: Prostitution, pornography, and the sex industry (pp. 103–121). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Raphael, J., & Shapiro, D. L. (2004). Violence in indoor and outdoor prostitution venues. Violence Against Women, 10(2), 126–139. doi:10.1177/1077801203260529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, T. (1997). Risk theory in epidemic times: Sex, drugs, and the social organization of “risk behaviour.” Sociology of Health and Illness, 19(2), 208–227. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep10934410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Daza, N., Weeks, M., & Singer, M. (2005). Conceptualizing the impact of indirect violence on HIV risk among women involved in street-level prostitution. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(2), 153–170. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2003.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rössler, W., Koch, U., Lauber, C., Hass, A. K., Altwegg, M., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., & Landolt, K. (2010). The mental health of female sex workers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122(2), 143–152. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01533.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roxburgh, A., Degenhardt, L., & Copeland, J. (2006). Posttraumatic stress disorder among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia. BMC Psychiatry, 6(1), 24. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-6-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallmann, J. (2010). Living with stigma: Women’s experiences of prostitution and substance use. Affilia, 25(2), 146–159. doi:10.1177/0886109910364362
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, T. (2004). A continuum of risk? The management of health, physical and emotional risks by female sex workers. Sociology of Health and Illness, 26(5), 557–574. doi:10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00405.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, T. (2005). Sex work: A risky business. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, T., & Campbell, R. (2007). Designing out vulnerability, building in respect: Violence, safety, and sex work policy. British Journal of Sociology, 58(1), 1–19. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2007.00136.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sausa, L. A., Keatley, J., & Operario, D. (2007). Perceived risks and benefits of sex work among transgender women of color in San Francisco. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(6), 768–777. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9210-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng, J. S., Lopez, W. D., Sperlich, M., Hamama, L., & Meldrum, C. D. R. (2012). Marginalized identities, discrimination burden, and mental health: Empirical exploration of an interpersonal-level approach to modeling intersectionality. Social Science and Medicine, 75(12), 2437–2445. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, K., Kerr, T., Strathdee, S. A., Shoveller, J., Montaner, J. S., & Tyndall, M. W. (2009). Prevalence and structural correlates of gender-based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers. BMJ, 339, b2939. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valera, R. J., Sawyer, R. G., & Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). Perceived health needs of inner-city street prostitutes: A preliminary study. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(1), 50–59. doi:10.5993/AJHB.25.1.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzer, R. (2005). New directions in research on prostitution. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 43(4–5), 211–235. doi:10.1007/s10611-005-1735-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzer, R. (2010). The movement to criminalize sex work in the United States. Journal of Law and Society, 37(1), 61–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2010.00495.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker, D., & Hart, G. (1996). Research note: Managing risks: The social organisation of indoor sex work. Sociology of Health and Illness, 18(3), 399–414. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep10934742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar