Heterogeneity in Gender/Sex Sexualities: An Exploration of Gendered Physical and Psychological Traits in Attractions to Women and Men

References

• Abele, A. E. (2003). The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: Findings from a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 768–776. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, B. J., Kim, P. Y., Hills, A., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W. (1997). Butch, femme, or straight acting? Partner preferences of gay men and lesbians. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 960–973. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.5.960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett, J., Pearcey, S., & Dabbs, J. M. (2001). Jealousy and partner preference among butch and femme lesbians. Psychology, Evolution & Gender, 3, 155–165. doi:10.1080/14616660110067375
   Google Scholar
• Batres, C., & Perrett, D. I. (2014). The influence of the digital divide on face preferences in El Salvador: People without internet access prefer more feminine men, more masculine women, and women with higher adiposity. PloS One, 9, e100966. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162. doi:10.1037/h0036215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bem, S. L. (1977). On the utility of alternative procedures for assessing psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 196–205. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.45.2.196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, K. L., & Hoskin, R. A. (2016). Contemporary understandings of femme identities and related experiences of discrimination. Psychology & Sexuality, 7, 101–115. doi:10.1080/19419899.2015.1053824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, K. D., & Quina, K. (2009). Women’s sexual identity patterns: Differences among lesbians, bisexuals, and unlabeled women. Journal of Homosexuality, 56, 1030–1045. doi:10.1080/00918360903275443
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., & Rosenkrantz, P. S. (1972). Sex‐role stereotypes: A current appraisal. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 59–78. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00018.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Califia, P. (1999). Gay men, lesbians, and sex: Doing it together. In L. Gross, & J. D. Woods (Eds.), The Columbia reader on lesbians & gay men in media, society, & politics (pp. 92–96). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Callis, A. S. (2014). Bisexual, pansexual, queer: Non-binary identities and the sexual borderlands. Sexualities, 17, 63–80. doi:10.1177/1363460713511094
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalabaev, A., Sarrazin, P., Fontayne, P., Boiché, J., & Clément-Guillotin, C. (2013). The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise: Review and future directions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 136–144. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicerello, A., & Sheehan, E. P. (1995). Personal advertisements: A content analysis. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 10, 751–756.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, A. B., & Tannenbaum, I. J. (2001). Lesbian and bisexual women’s judgments of the attractiveness of different body types. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 226–232. doi:10.1080/00224490109552091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer, R. E., Cupp, R. G., & Kuhn, J. A. (1993). Male attractiveness: Masculinity with a feminine touch. Current Psychology, 12, 142–150. doi:10.1007/BF02686819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, M. R., Roberts, A. R., Barbee, A. P., Druen, P. B., & Wu, C. H. (1995). “Their ideas of beauty are, on the whole, the same as ours”: Consistency and variability in the cross-cultural perception of female physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 261–279. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.2.261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desrochers, S. (1995). What types of men are most attractive and most repulsive to women? Sex Roles, 32, 375–391. doi:10.1007/BF01544603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond, L. M. (2005a). What we got wrong about sexual identity development: Unexpected findings from a longitudinal study of young women. In A. Omoto, & H. Kurtzman (Eds.), Sexual orientation and mental health: Examining identity and development in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people (pp. 73–94). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. doi:10.1037/11261-004
   Google Scholar
• Diamond, L. M. (2005b). II. From the heart or the gut? Sexual-minority women’s experiences of desire for same-sex and other-sex partners. Feminism & Psychology, 15, 10–14. doi:10.1177/0959-353505049697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 735–754. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, S. K., & Perry, D. G. (2001). Gender identity: A multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 451–463. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.4.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2013). G*Power Version 3.1.2 [computer software]. Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Retrieved from http://www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de/abteilungen/aap/gpower3/download-and-register
   Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., & Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 77–83. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, G. (2012). Gone girl. New York, NY: Crown Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furnham, A., Tan, T., & McManus, C. (1997). Waist-to-hip ratio and preferences for body shape: A replication and extension. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 539–549. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00241-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff, P. A., Thomas, M. A., & Jackson, M. C. (2008). “Ain’t I a woman?”: Towards an intersectional approach to person perception and group-based harms. Sex Roles, 59, 392–403. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9505-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, J., Chakraborty, A. T., McManus, S., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Nicholson, S., & King, M. (2012). Prevalence of same-sex behavior and orientation in England: Results from a national survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 631–639. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9856-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, R., Hattie, J. A., & Borders, L. D. (2005). Personal definitions of masculinity and femininity as an aspect of gender self‐concept. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 44, 66–83. doi:10.1002/j.2164-490X.2005.tb00057.x
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel, S. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2004). Measuring masculine body ideal distress: Development of a measure. International Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 1–10. doi:10.3149/jmh.0301.1
   Google Scholar
• Klein, F., & Weinrich, J. D. (2014). Homogeneous gynephiles and heterogeneous androphiles: A factor analysis of differences and similarities in attractions to the sexes as a function of sexual orientation. Journal of Bisexuality, 14, 468–501. doi:10.1080/15299716.2014.938285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kulik, J. A., & Harackiewicz, J. (1979). Opposite-sex interpersonal attraction as a function of the sex roles of the perceiver and the perceived. Sex Roles, 5, 443–452. doi:10.1007/BF00287320
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapointe, A. A. (2017). “It’s not pans, it’s people”: Student and teacher perspectives on bisexuality and pansexuality. Journal of Bisexuality, 17, 88–107. doi:10.1080/15299716.2016.1196157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaper, C. (1995). The use of masculine and feminine to describe women’s and men’s behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135, 359–369. doi:10.1080/00224545.1995.9713965
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenius, S. (2001). Bisexuals and BDSM: Bisexual people in a pansexual community. Journal of Bisexuality, 1, 69–78. doi:10.1300/J159v01n04_06
   Google Scholar
• Macrae, C. N., & Martin, D. (2007). A boy primed Sue: Feature-based processing and person construal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 793–805. doi:10.1002/ejsp.406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manley, M. H., Diamond, L. M., & van Anders, S. M. (2015). Polyamory, monoamory, and sexual fluidity: A longitudinal study of identity and sexual trajectories. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2, 168–180. doi:10.1037/sgd0000098
   Google Scholar
• Mazur, A. (1986). US trends in feminine beauty and overadaptation. Journal of Sex Research, 22, 281–303. doi:10.1080/00224498609551309
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B., & Behm-Morawitz, E. (2016). “Masculine Guys Only”: The effects of femmephobic mobile dating application profiles on partner selection for men who have sex with men. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 176–185. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morales Knight, L. F., & Hope, D. A. (2012). Correlates of same-sex attractions and behaviors among self-identified heterosexual university students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 1199–1208. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9927-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, C. (2016). Defining sexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, 505–508. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0625-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muehlenhard, C. L., & Peterson, Z. D. (2011). Distinguishing between sex and gender: History, current conceptualizations, and implications. Sex Roles, 64, 791–803. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9932-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole, A. J., Deffenbacher, K. A., Valentin, D., McKee, K., Huff, D., & Abdi, H. (1998). The perception of face gender: The role of stimulus structure in recognition and classification. Memory & Cognition, 26, 146–160. doi:10.3758/BF03211378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, B. A., Adams, H. L., & Phillips, L. D. (2007). Decentering gender: Bisexual identity as an expression of a non-dichotomous worldview. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 7, 205–224. doi:10.1080/15283480709336931
   Google Scholar
• Perrett, D. I., Lee, K. J., Penton-Voak, I., Rowland, D., Yoshikawa, S., Burt, D. M., … Akamatsu, S. (1998). Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness. Nature, 394, 884–887. doi:10.1038/29772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrides, K. V., Furnham, A., & Martin, G. N. (2004). Estimates of emotional and psychometric intelligence: Evidence for gender-based stereotypes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 149–162. doi:10.3200/SOCP.144.2.149-162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002). What women and men should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 269–281. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosario, M., & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2014). Theories and etiologies of sexual orientation. In D. L. Tolman, & L. M. Diamond (Eds.), APA handbook of sexuality and psychology: Vol. 1. Person-based approaches (pp. 555–596). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14193-018
   Google Scholar
• Rust, P. C. (2000). Two many and not enough: The meanings of bisexual identities. Journal of Bisexuality, 1, 31–68. doi:10.1300/J159v01n01_04
   Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R. C., & Vrangalova, Z. (2013). Mostly heterosexual as a distinct sexual orientation group: A systematic review of the empirical evidence. Developmental Review, 33, 58–88. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2013.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherrer, K. S. (2008). Coming to an asexual identity: Negotiating identity, negotiating desire. Sexualities, 11, 621–641. doi:10.1177/1363460708094269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schudson, Z. S., Dibble, E. R., & van Anders, S. M. (in press). Gender/sex and sexual diversity via sexual configurations theory: Insights from a qualitative study with gender and sexual minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. Advance online publication.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, I. M., Clark, A. P., Josephson, S. C., Boyette, A. H., Cuthill, I. C., Fried, R. L., … Honey, P. L. (2014). Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 14388–14393. doi:10.1073/pnas.1409643111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serano, J. (2007). Whipping girl: A transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sharpe, D. (2015). Your chi-square test is statistically significant: Now what? Practical Assessment, Research, & Evaluation, 20, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, D., & Young, R. K. (1995). Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips: Role in judgments of female attractiveness and desirability for relationships. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 483–507. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, C. A., & Stillman, S. (2002). Butch/femme in the personal advertisements of lesbians. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 6, 45–51. doi:10.1300/J155v06n01_05
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R., & Stapp, J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relation to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 29–39. doi:10.1037/h0076857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1974). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A measure of sex role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity. Journal Supplement Abstract Service, American Psychological Association, 4, 43–44.
   Google Scholar
• Unger, R. K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34, 1085–1094. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.34.11.1085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Anders, S. M. (2013). Beyond masculinity: Testosterone, gender/sex, and human social behavior in a comparative context. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 34, 198–210. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Anders, S. M. (2015). Beyond sexual orientation: Integrating gender/sex and diverse sexualities via Sexual Configurations Theory. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 1177–1213. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0490-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientation identities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 85–101. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9921-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1990). Measuring sex stereotypes: A multination study (Rev. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 699–727. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2012). Biosocial construction of sex differences and similarities in behavior. In J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 46, pp. 55–123). Burlington, MA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7
   Google Scholar
• Yancey, G., & Emerson, M. O. (2016). Does height matter? An examination of height preferences in romantic coupling. Journal of Family Issues, 37, 53–73. doi:10.1177/0192513X13519256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, L., & Zheng, Y. (2016). Preferences for masculinity across faces, bodies, and personality traits in homosexual and bisexual Chinese men: Relationship to sexual self-labels and attitudes toward masculinity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, 725–733. doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0543-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar