21,237
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Self-Reported Gender Identity and Sexuality in an Online Sample of Cisgender, Transgender, and Gender-Diverse Individuals: An Exploratory Study

&

References

  • Auer, M. K., Fuss, J., Höhne, N., Stalla, G. K., & Sievers, C. (2014). Transgender transitioning and change of self-reported sexual orientation. PLoS One, 9, 1–11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110016
  • Bailey, J. M., Vasey, P. L., Diamond, L. M., Breedlove, S. M., Vilain, E., & Epprecht, M. (2016). Sexual orientation, controversy, and science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17, 45–101. doi:10.1177/1529100616637616
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 347–374. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.347
  • Blanchard, R. (1989). The classification and labeling of nonhomosexual gender dysphorias. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 18, 315–334.
  • Blanchard, R., Clemmensen, L. H., & Steiner, B. W. (1987). Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 139–152.
  • Bockting, W. O., & Coleman, E. (2007). Developmental stages of the transgender coming out process: Toward an integrated identity. In R. Ettner, S. Monstrey, & E. Eyler (Eds.), Principles of transgender medicine and surgery (pp. 185–208). New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
  • Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Romine, R. E. S., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 943–951. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301241
  • Burman, E. (2005). Contemporary feminist contributions to debates around gender and sexuality: From identity to performance. Group Analysis, 38, 17–30. doi:10.1177/0533316405049360
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Calogero, R. M., Davis, W. N., & Thompson, J. K. (2005). The role of self-objectification in the experience of women with eating disorders. Sex Roles, 52, 43–50. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-1192-9
  • Cerwenka, S., Nieder, T. O., Briken, P., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Cuypere, G. D., Haraldsen, I. R., … Richter-Appelt, H. (2014). Intimate partnerships and sexual health in gender-dysphoric individuals before the start of medical treatment. International Journal of Sexual Health, 26, 52–65. doi:10.1080/19317611.2013.829153
  • Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.
  • Connell, R. W. (1985). Theorizing gender. Sociology, 19, 260–272. doi:10.1177/0038038585019002008
  • Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19, 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639
  • Deogracias, J. J., Johnson, L. L., Meyer-Bahlburg, H., Kessler, S. J., Schober, J. M., & Zucker, K. J. (2007). The Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults. Journal of Sex Research, 44, 370–379. doi:10.1080/00224490701586730
  • Diamond, L. M. (2000). Sexual identity, attractions, and behavior among young sexual-minority women over a two-year period. Developmental Psychology, 36, 241–250. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.241
  • Diamond, L. M. (2003). Was it a phase? Young women’s relinquishment of lesbian/bisexual identities over a 5-year period. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 352–364. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.352
  • Diamond, L. M. (2008a). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44, 5–14. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.5
  • Diamond, L. M. (2008b). Sexual fluidity: Understanding women’s love and desire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Diamond, L. M., & Butterworth, M. (2008). Questioning gender and sexual identity: Dynamic links over time. Sex Roles, 59, 365–376. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9425-3
  • Diamond, L. M., Pardo, S. T., & Butterworth, M. R. (2011). Transgender experience and identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 629–647). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000). Sexing the body: Gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
  • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Gilligan, C. (2011). Joining the resistance. Oxford, UK: Polity Press.
  • Girchick, L. B. (2008). Transgender voices: Beyond women and men. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England.
  • Hines, S. (2007). TransForming gender: Transgender practices of identity, intimacy and care. Bristol, England: Policy Press.
  • Hyde, J. S., Bigler, R., Joel, D., Tate, C. C., & van Anders, S. M. (2018). The future of sex and gender in psychology: Five challenges to the gender binary. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/amp0000307
  • Jackson, S. (2006). Gender, sexuality and heterosexuality: The complexity (and limits) of heteronormativity. Feminist Theory, 7, 105–121. doi:10.1177/1464700106061462
  • Jacobson, R., & Joel, D. (2018). An exploration of the relations between self-reported gender identity and sexual orientation in an online sample of cisgender individuals. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1–20. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1239-y
  • Joel, D., Tarrasch, R., Berman, Z., Mukamel, M., & Ziv, E. (2013). Queering gender: Studying gender identity in ‘normative’ individuals. Psychology & Sexuality, 5, 291–321. doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.830640
  • Jordan-Young, R., & Rumiati, R. I. (2012). Hardwired for sexism? Approaches to sex/gender in neuroscience. Neuroethics, 5, 305–315. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9134-4
  • Kahalon, R., Shnabel, N., & Becker, J. (2018). Experimental studies on state self-objectification: A review and an integrative process model. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1268. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01432
  • Kuhle, B. X., & Radtke, S. (2013). Born both ways: The alloparenting hypothesis for sexual fluidity in women. Evolutionary Psychology, 11, 304–323.
  • Kuper, L. E., Nussbaum, R., & Mustanski, B. (2012). Exploring the diversity of gender and sexual orientation identities in an online sample of transgender individuals. Journal of Sex Research, 49, 244–254. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.596954
  • Lawrence, A. A. (2010). Sexual orientation versus age of onset as bases for typologies (subtypes) for gender identity disorder in adolescents and adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 514–545. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9594-3
  • Martin, C. L., Andrews, N. C., England, D. E., Zosuls, K., & Ruble, D. N. (2017). A dual identity approach for conceptualizing and measuring children’s gender identity. Child Development, 88, 167–182. doi:10.1111/cdev.12568
  • Matsuno, E., & Budge, S. L. (2017). Non-binary/genderqueer identities: A critical review of the literature. Current Sexual Health Reports, 9, 116–120. doi:10.1007/s11930-017-0111-8
  • Meier, S. C., Pardo, S. T., Labuski, C., & Babcock, J. (2013). Measures of clinical health among female-to-male transgender persons as a function of sexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 463–474. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0052-2
  • Morgan, E. M. (2013). Contemporary issues in sexual orientation and identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 1, 52–66. doi:10.1177/2167696812469187
  • Mueller, S. C., De Cuypere, G., & T’Sjoen, G. (2017). Transgender research in the 21st century: A selective critical review from a neurocognitive perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 1155–1162. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17060626
  • Nieder, T. O., Herff, M., Cerwenka, S., Preuss, W. F., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., De Cuypere, G., … Richter‐Appelt, H. (2011). Age of onset and sexual orientation in transsexual males and females. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 783–791. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02142.x
  • Olson, K. R., Key, A. C., & Eaton, N. R. (2015). Gender cognition in transgender children. Psychological Science, 26, 467–474. doi:10.1177/0956797614568156
  • Peplau, L. A., & Garnets, L. D. (2000). A new paradigm for understanding women’s sexuality and sexual orientation. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 329–350. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00169
  • Ponse, B. (1978). Identities in the lesbian world: The social construction of self. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • Poteat, V. P., & Anderson, C. J. (2012). Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: The effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Developmental Psychology, 48, 1403. doi:10.1037/a0026906
  • Rees-Turyn, A., Doyle, C., Holland, A., & Root, S. (2008). Sexism and sexual prejudice (homophobia): The impact of the gender belief system and inversion theory on sexual orientation research and attitudes toward sexual minorities. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2, 2–25. doi:10.1080/15538600802077467
  • Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., Seal, L., Barker, M. J., Nieder, T. O., & T’Sjoen, G. (2016). Non-binary or genderqueer genders. International Review of Psychiatry, 28, 95–102. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446
  • Richardson, D. (2007). Patterned fluidities: (Re)imagining the relationship between gender and sexuality. Sociology, 41, 457–474. doi:10.1177/0038038507076617
  • Rowniak, S., & Chesla, C. (2013). Coming out for a third time: Transmen, sexual orientation, and identity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 449–461. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0036-2
  • Savin-Williams, R. C. (2016). Sexual orientation: Categories or continuum? Commentary on Bailey et al. (2016). Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17, 37–44. doi:10.1177/1529100616637618
  • Sharpe, D. (2015). Your chi-square test is statistically significant: Now what? Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 20, 2–10.
  • Shively, M. G., & DeCecco, J. P. (1977). Components of sexual identity. Journal of Homosexuality, 3, 41–48. doi:10.1300/J082v03n01_04
  • Siebler, K. (2012). Transgender transitions: Sex/gender binaries in the digital age. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 16, 74–99. doi:10.1080/19359705.2012.632751
  • Striepe, M. I., & Tolman, D. L. (2003). Mom, dad, I’m straight: The coming out of gender ideologies in adolescent sexual-identity development. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 32, 523–530. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3204_4
  • Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L. B., & Carr, E. R. (2011). Sexual objectification of women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 6–38. doi:10.1177/0011000010378402
  • Van Caenegem, E., Wierckx, K., Elaut, E., Buysse, A., Dewaele, A., Van Nieuwerburgh, F., … T’Sjoen, G. (2015). Prevalence of gender nonconformity in Flanders, Belgium. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44, 1281–1287. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0452-6
  • Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2009). Doing gender in sex and sex research. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 883–898. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9565-8
  • Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientation identities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 85–101. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9921-y
  • Warner, L. R., & Shields, S. A. (2013). The intersections of sexuality, gender, and race: Identity research at the crossroads. Sex Roles, 68, 803–810. doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0281-4
  • White, J. W., Donat, P. L. N., & Bondurant, B. (2001). A developmental examination of violence against girls and women. In R. K. Unger (Ed.), Handbook of the psychology of women and gender (pp. 343–357). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Wilson, M. (2002). ‘I am the Prince of pain, for I am a princess in the brain’: Liminal transgender identities, narratives and the elimination of ambiguities. Sexualities, 5, 425–448. doi:10.1177/1363460702005004003
  • Zucker, K. J., Lawrence, A. A., & Kreukels, B. P. (2016). Gender dysphoria in adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 217–247. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093034