References
- Anderson-Carpenter, K. D., Sauter, H. M., Luiggi-Hernández, J. G., & Haight, P. E. (2019). Associations between perceived homophobia, community connectedness, and having a primary care provider among gay and bisexual men. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 16(3), 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0347-8
- Bauermeister, J. A., Eaton, L., Meanley, S., Pingel, E. S., & Partnership, U. (2017). Transactional sex with regular and casual partners among young men who have sex with men in the Detroit metro area. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(3), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988315609110
- Buttram, M. E. (2019). The social environmental context of resilience among substance-using African-American/Black men who have sex with men. Journal of Homosexuality, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1557952
- Buttram, M. E., & Kurtz, S. P. (2015). A mixed methods study of health and social disparities among substance-using African American/Black men who have sex with men. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-014-0042-2
- Card, K. G., Armstrong, H. L., Carter, A., Cui, Z., Wang, L., Zhu, J., Lachowsky, N. J., Moore, D. M., Hogg, R. S., & Roth, E. A. (2018). A latent class analysis of substance use and culture among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 20(12), 1424–1439. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2018.1439186
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018a). HIV Surveillance, 2017. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018b). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2017. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- Chard, A. N., Finneran, C., Sullivan, P. S., & Stephenson, R. (2015). Experiences of homophobia among gay and bisexual men: Results from a cross-sectional study in seven countries. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(10), 1174–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2015.1042917
- Chen, I., Chau, G., Wang, J., Clarke, W., Marzinke, M. A., Cummings, V., Breaud, A., Laeyendecker, O., Fields, S. D., Griffith, S., Scott, H. M., Shoptaw, S., Del Rio, C., Magnus, M., Mannheimer, S., Tieu, H. V., Wheeler, D. P., Mayer, K. H., Koblin, B. A., Eshleman, S. H., & Mammano, F. (2016). Analysis of HIV diversity in HIV-infected Black men who have sex with men (HPTN 061). PLoS One, 11(12), e0167629. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167629
- Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2009). Latent class and latent transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Core Team, R. (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing.
- Friedman, M. R., Bukowski, L., Eaton, L. A., Matthews, D. D., Dyer, T. V., Siconolfi, D., & Stall, R. (2019). Psychosocial health disparities among Black bisexual men in the U.S.: Effects of sexuality nondisclosure and gay community support. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(1), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1162-2
- Hall, G. C., Young, A., Krakauer, C., Watson, C. C., Cummings, V., Mayer, K., & Koblin, B. (2017). Sexual risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men who also report having sex with transgender partners: Analysis of HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) 061 Study. AIDS Education and Prevention, 29(5), 418–431. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2017.29.5.418
- Harrell, S. P., Merchant, M. A., & Young, S. A. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Racism and Life Experiences Scales (RaLES). American Psychological Association.
- Hegazi, A., Lee, M. J., Whittaker, W., Green, S., Simms, R., Cutts, R., Nagington, M., Nathan, B., & Pakianathan, M. R. (2017). Chemsex and the city: Sexualised substance use in gay bisexual and other men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. International Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 28(4), 362–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416651229
- Herek, G., & Glunt, E. (1995). AIDS, identity, and community: The HIV epidemic and lesbians and gay men. SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Hermanstyne, K. A., Green, H. D., Jr., Cook, R., Tieu, H. V., Dyer, T. V., Hucks-Ortiz, C., Wilton, L., Latkin, C., & Shoptaw, S. (2018). Social network support and decreased risk of seroconversion in Black MSM: Results of the BROTHERS (HPTN 061) study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 78(2), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001645
- Hess, K. L., Hu, X., Lansky, A., Mermin, J., & Hall, H. I. (2017). Lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States. Annals of Epidemiology, 27(4), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.02.003
- Institute Inc, S. A. S. (2014). SAS 9.4 Help and Documentation. SAS Institute, Inc.
- Javanbakht, M., Ragsdale, A., Shoptaw, S., & Gorbach, P. M. (2018). Transactional sex among men who have sex with men: Differences by substance use and HIV status. Journal of Urban Health, 14(11), e0217115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-0309-8
- Jeffries, W. L., & Johnson, O. D. (2018). Internalized homonegativity and substance use among U.S. men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(4), 559–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1347185
- Kelly, J. A., DiFranceisco, W. J., St Lawrence, J. S., Amirkhanian, Y. A., & Anderson-Lamb, M. (2014). Situational, partner, and contextual factors associated with level of risk at most recent intercourse among Black men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 18(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0532-y
- Koblin, B. A., Mayer, K. H., Eshleman, S. H., Wang, L., Mannheimer, S. C., Shoptaw, S., Magnus, M., Buchbinder, S., Wilton, L., Liu, T. Y., Cummings, V., Piwowar-Manning, E., Fields, S. D., Griffith, S., Elharrar, V., Wheeler, D., & Team, H. P. (2013). Correlates of HIV acquisition in a cohort of Black men who have sex with men in the United States: HIV prevention trials network (HPTN) 061. PLoS One, 8(7), e70413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070413
- Latkin, C. A., Van Tieu, H., Fields, S., Hanscom, B. S., Connor, M., Hanscom, B., Hussen, S. A., Scott, H. M., Mimiaga, M. J., Wilton, L., Magnus, M., Chen, I., & Koblin, B. A. (2017). Social network factors as correlates and predictors of high depressive symptoms among Black men who have sex with men in HPTN 061. AIDS and Behavior, 21(4), 1163–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1493-8
- Levy, M. E., Phillips, G., 2nd, Magnus, M., Kuo, I., Beauchamp, G., Emel, L., Hucks-Ortiz, C., Hamilton, E. L., Wilton, L., Chen, I., Mannheimer, S., Tieu, H. V., Scott, H., Fields, S. D., Del Rio, C., Shoptaw, S., & Mayer, K. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of treatment optimism and HIV acquisition and transmission risk behaviors among Black men who have sex with men in HPTN 061. AIDS and Behavior, 21(10), 2958–2972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1756-z
- McConnell, E. A., Janulis, P., Phillips, G., 2nd, Truong, R., & Birkett, M. (2018). Multiple minority stress and LGBT community resilience among sexual minority men. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000265
- Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behaviors, 36(1), 38–56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7738327
- Miltz, A. R., Lampe, F. C., Bacchus, L. J., McCormack, S., Dunn, D., White, E., Rodger, A., Phillips, A. N., Sherr, L., Clarke, A., McOwan, A., Sullivan, A., & Gafos, M. (2019). Intimate partner violence, depression, and sexual behaviour among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the PROUD trial. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 431. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6757-6
- Moody, R. L., Starks, T. J., Grov, C., & Parsons, J. T. (2018). Internalized homophobia and drug use in a national cohort of gay and bisexual men: Examining depression, sexual anxiety, and gay community attachment as mediating factors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(4), 1133–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1009-2
- Mustanski, B., Morgan, E., D’Aquila, R., Birkett, M., Janulis, P., & Newcomb, M. E. (2019, January 1). Individual and network factors associated with racial disparities in HIV among young men who have sex with men: Results from the RADAR cohort study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 80(1), 24–30. PMID: 30365451; PMCID: PMC6289601. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001886
- National Institutes of Health. (2019) . Sexual and gender minority populations in NIH-supported research. Office of sexual and gender minority research. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-19-139.html
- Nelson, L. E., Wilton, L., Zhang, N., Regan, R., Thach, C. T., Dyer, T. V., Kushwaha, S., Sanders, R., Ndoye, O., Mayer, K. H., & Team, H. S. (2017). Childhood exposure to religions with high prevalence of members who discourage homosexuality is associated with adult HIV risk behaviors and HIV infection in Black men who have sex with men. American Journal of Men’s Health, 11(5), 1309–1321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988315626264
- Ogunbajo, A., Anyamele, C., Restar, A. J., Dolezal, C., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2018). Substance use and depression among recently migrated African gay and bisexual men living in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(6), 1224–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0849-8
- Ottaway, Z., Finnerty, F., Amlani, A., Pinto-Sander, N., Szanyi, J., & Richardson, D. (2017). Men who have sex with men diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection are significantly more likely to engage in sexualised drug use. International Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 28(1), 91–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416666753
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurements, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
- Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. (1993). The MOS social support survey. RAND Corporation. RP-218 https://www.rand.org/pubs/reprints/RP218.html
- Teixeira da Silva, D., Bouris, A., Voisin, D., Hotton, A., Brewer, R., & Schneider, J. (2020). Social networks moderate the syndemic effect of psychosocial and structural factors on HIV risk among young Black transgender women and men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 24(1), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02575-9
- Turpin, R. E., Slopen, N., Chen, S., Boekeloo, B., Dallal, C., & Dyer, T. (2018). Latent class analysis of a syndemic of risk factors on HIV testing among black men. AIDS Care, 31(2), 216–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1524117
- VanderWeele, T. (2015). Explanation in causal inference: Methods for mediation and interaction. Oxford University Press.
- Viswanath, H., Wilkerson, J. M., Breckenridge, E., & Selwyn, B. J. (2017). Life chaos and perceived social support among methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men engaging in transactional sexual encounters. Substance Use & Misuse, 52(1), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1222620
- Voisin, D. R., Hotton, A. L., & Schneider, J. A., & UConnect Study Team. (2017). The relationship between life stressors and drug and sexual behaviors among a population-based sample of young Black men who have sex with men in Chicago. AIDS Care, 29(5), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1224303
- Wang, C. C., Lin, H. C., Chen, M. H., Ko, N. Y., Chang, Y. P., Lin, I. M., & Yen, C. F. (2018). Effects of traditional and cyber homophobic bullying in childhood on depression, anxiety, and physical pain in emerging adulthood and the moderating effects of social support among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 22(14), 1309–1317. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S164579
- Wilson, T. O. (2016). What is BlaQueer? BlaqueerFlow. http://www.blaqueerflow.com/about-2/what-is-blaqueer