References
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Prentice-Hall.
- Atienzo, E. E., Ortiz-Panozo, E., & Campero, L. (2015). Congruence in reported frequency of parent-adolescent sexual health communication: A study from Mexico. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 27(3), 275–283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0025
- Baker, J. L., Lanier, Y., James, G., Fletcher, J., Delish, M., Opara, O., Sampson, C., Jemmott, L., & Stewart, J. (2017). “You know what you gotta do”: African American fathers and sons perspectives’ on parent–child sexual risk communication and HIV intervention development needs. Journal of Family Issues, 39(6), 1685–1711. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X17720960
- Bennett, C., Harden, J., & Anstey, S. (2017). Fathers as sexuality educators: Aspirations and realities: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sex Education, 18(1), 74–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2017.1390449
- Byers, E. S. (2011). Beyond the birds and the bees and was it good for you?: Thirty years of research on sexual communication. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 52(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022048
- DiIorio, C., Dudley, W., Wang, D., Wasserman, J., Eichler, M., Belcher, L., & West-Edwards, C. (2001). Measurement of parenting self-efficacy and outcome expectancy related to discussions about sex. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 9(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.9.2.135
- DiIorio, C., Dudley, W. N., Lehr, S., & Soet, J. E. (2000). Correlates of safer sex communication among college students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(3), 658–665. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01525.x
- DiIorio, C., Kelley, M., & Hockenberry-Eaton, M. (1999). Communication about sexual issues: Mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00115-3
- Dilorio, C., Lehr, S., Wasserman, J. L., Eichler, M., Cherry, C., & Denzmore, P. (2006). Fathers are important people. Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Children & Youth, 7(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J499v07n01_04
- Evans, R., Widman, L., Kamke, K., & Stewart, J. L. (2020). Gender differences in parents’ communication with their adolescent children about sexual risk and sex-positive topics. Journal of Sex Research, 57(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345
- Fisher, C. M., Telljohann, S. K., Price, J. H., Dake, J. A., & Glassman, T. (2015). Perceptions of elementary school children’s parents regarding sexuality education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 10(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2015.1009595
- Flores, D., & Barroso, J. (2017). 21st century parent-child sex communication in the United States: A process review. Journal of Sex Research, 54(4–5), 532–548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1267693
- Guilamo-Ramos, V., Bouris, A., Lee, J., McCarthy, K., Michael, S. L., Pitt-Barnes, S., & Dittus, P. (2012). Paternal influences on adolescent sexual risk behaviors: A structured literature review. Pediatrics, 130(5), e1313–1325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2066
- Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., Bouris, A., Holloway, I., & Casillas, E. (2007). Adolescent expectancies, parent-adolescent communication and intentions to have sexual intercourse among inner-city, middle school youth. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 34(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02879921
- Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Bouris, A. M. (2006). Parental expertise, trustworthiness, and accessibility: Parent-adolescent communication and adolescent risk behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(5), 1229–1246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00325.x
- Guilamo-Ramos, V., Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Collins, S. (2008). Parent-adolescent communication about sexual intercourse: An analysis of maternal reluctance to communicate. Health Psychology, 27(6), 760–769. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013833
- Guilamo-Ramos, V., Thimm-Kaiser, M., Benzekri, A., Rodriguez, C., Fuller, T. R., Warner, L., & Koumans, E. H. (2019). Father-son communication about consistent and correct condom use. Pediatrics, 143(1), e20181609. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-1609
- Hoge, D. R. (1972). A validated intrinsic religious motivation scale. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 11(4), 369–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1384677
- Holman, A., & Kellas, J. (2018). “Say something instead of nothing”: Adolescents’ perceptions of memorable conversations about sex-related topics with their parents. Communication Monographs, 85(3), 357–379. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2018.1426870
- Holman, A., & Kellas, J. K. (2015). High school adolescents’ perceptions of the parent–child sex talk: How communication, relational, and family factors relate to sexual health. Southern Communication Journal, 80(5), 388–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2015.1081976
- Jaccard, J., Dittus, P. J., & Gorgon, V. V. (2000). Parent-teen communication about premarital sex: Factors associated with the extent of communication. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558400152001
- Kapungu, C., Baptiste, D., Holmbeck, G., McBride, C., Robinson-Brown, M., Sturdivant, A., Crown, L., & Paikoff, R. (2010). Beyond the “birds and the bees”: Gender differences in sex-related communication among urban African American adolescents. Family Process, 49(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01321.x
- Kirkman, M., Rosenthal, D. A., & Feldman, S. S. (2002). Talking to a tiger: Fathers reveal their difficulties in communicating about sexuality with adolescents. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2002(97), 57–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.50
- Kuhle, B. X., Melzer, D. K., Cooper, C. A., Merkle, A. J., Pepe, N. A., Ribanovic, A., Verdesco, A. L., & Wettstein, T. L. (2015). The “birds and the bees” differ for boys and girls: Sex differences in the nature of sex talks. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 9(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000012
- Livingston, G. (2018). Stay-at-home moms and dads account for about one-in-five U.S. parents. Facttank News in the Numbers. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/24/stay-at-home-moms-and-dads-account-for-about-one-in-five-u-s-parents/
- Martino, S. C., Elliott, M. N., Corona, R., Kanouse, D. E., & Schuster, M. A. (2008). Beyond the “big talk”: The roles of breadth and repetition in parent-adolescent communication about sexual topics. Pediatrics, 121(3), e612–618. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2156
- Nielsen, S. K., Latty, C. R., & Angera, J. J. (2013). Factors that contribute to fathers being perceived as good or poor sexuality educators for their daughters. Fathering, 11(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.1101.52
- Nolin, M. J., & Petersen, K. K. (1992). Gender differences in parent-child communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(1), 59–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489271005
- Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2018). Longitudinal change in parent-adolescent communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(6), 753–758. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.031
- Pew Research Center. (2015). Parenting in America: Outlook, worries, aspirations are strongly linked to financial situation. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/12/17/parenting-in-america/
- Prado, G., Pantin, H., Briones, E., Schwartz, S. J., Feaster, D., Huang, S., Sullivan, S., Tapia, M. I., Sabillon, E., Lopez, B., & Szapocznik, J. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of a parent-centered intervention in preventing substance use and HIV risk behaviors in Hispanic adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 914–926. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.914
- Ragsdale, K., Bersamin, M. M., Schwartz, S. J., Zamboanga, B. L., Kerrick, M. R., & Grube, J. W. (2014). Development of sexual expectancies among adolescents: Contributions by parents, peers and the media. Journal of Sex Research, 51(5), 551–560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.753025
- Redfield, R. R., Schuchat, A., Dauphin, L., Cono, J., Richards, C. L., & Iademarco, M. F. (2018). Youth risk behavior surveillance — United States, 2017. Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services.
- Rogers, A. A. (2016). Parent–adolescent sexual communication and adolescents’ sexual behaviors: A conceptual model and systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 2(4), 293–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0049-5
- Romero, L., Pazol, K., Warner, L., Cox, S., Kroelinger, C., Besera, G., Brittain, A., Fuller, T. R., Koumans, E., & Barfield, W. (2016). Reduced disparities in birth rates among teens aged 15–19 years – United States, 2006–2007 and 2013–2014. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65(16), 409–414. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6516a1
- Rosenthal, D. A., & Feldman, S. (1999). The importance of importance: Adolescents’ perceptions of parental communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescence, 22(6), 835–851. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0279
- Satterwhite, C. L., Torrone, E., Meites, E., Dunne, E. F., Mahajan, R., Ocfemia, M. C. B., Su, J., Xu, F., & Weinstock, H. (2013). Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: Prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53
- Schuster, M. A., Corona, R., Elliott, M. N., Kanouse, D. E., Eastman, K. L., Zhou, A. J., & Klein, D. J. (2008). Evaluation of talking parents, healthy teens, a new worksite based parenting programme to promote parent-adolescent communication about sexual health: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 337(jul10 2), a308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39609.657581.25
- Scull, T., Malik, C., Keefe, E. M., & Schoemann, A. (2019). Evaluating the short-term impact of media aware parent, a web-based program for parents with the goal of adolescent sexual health promotion. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(9), 1686–1706. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01077-0
- Sedgh, G., Finer, L. B., Bankole, A., Eilers, M. A., & Singh, S. (2015). Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: Levels and recent trends. Journal of Adolescent Health;, 56(2), 223–230. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.007
- Shoop, D. M., & Davidson, P. M. (1994). AIDS and adolescents: The relation of parent and partner communication to adolescent condom use. Journal of Adolescence, 17(2), 137–148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1994.1014
- Sneed, C. D., Somoza, C. G., Jones, T., & Alfaro, S. (2013). Topics discussed with mothers and fathers for parent–child sex communication among African-American adolescents. Sex Education, 13(4), 450–458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.757548
- Sneed, C. D., Tan, H. P., & Meyer, J. C. (2015). The influence of parental communication and perception of peers on adolescent sexual behavior. Journal of Health Communication, 20(8), 888–892. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1018584
- Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Noar, S. M., Nesi, J., & Garrett, K. (2016). Parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sex behavior: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2731
- Wilson, E. K., & Koo, H. P. (2010). Mothers, fathers, sons, and daughters: Gender differences in factors associated with parent-child communication about sexual topics. Reproductive Health, 7(1), 31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-7-31
- Wright, P. J. (2009). Father-child sexual communication in the United States: A review and synthesis. Journal of Family Communication, 9(4), 233–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15267430903221880
- Wyckoff, S. C., Miller, K. S., Forehand, R., Bau, J. J., Fasula, A., Long, N., & Armistead, L. (2008). Patterns of sexuality communication between preadolescents and their mothers and fathers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17(5), 649–662. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-007-9179-5