Anxiety and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review

References

• *Adams, J., McClellan, J., Douglass, D., McCurry, C., & Storck, M. (1995). Sexually inappropriate behaviors in seriously mentally ill children and adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(5), 555–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00015-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Austin, C. J. (1997). Compulsive sexual behavior and personality characteristics: A comparative analysis. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• *Black, D. W., Kehrberg, L. L. D., Flumerfelt, D. L., & Schlosser, S. S. (1997). Characteristics of 36 subjects reporting compulsive sexual behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(2), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.2.243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Blain, L. M., Muench, F., Morgenstern, J., & Parsons, J. T. (2012). Exploring the role of child sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in gay and bisexual men reporting compulsive sexual behavior. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(5), 413–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Blum, A. W., Chamberlain, S. R., & Grant, J. E. (2018). Quality of life of young adults with non-paraphilic problematic sexual behaviors: An exploratory study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 8(December 2018), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.10.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Schachtle, U., Scholer, T., & Altstotter-Gleich, C. (2011). Watching pornographic pictures on the internet: Role of sexual arousal ratings and psychological-psychiatric symptoms for using internet sex sites excessively. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14(6), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Carr, M. M. (2018). Recognizing addictive disorders through transdiagnostic assessment. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• *Dwulit, A. D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). Prevalence, patterns and self-perceived effects of pornography consumption in Polish university students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Efrati, Y., & Dannon, P. (2018). Normative and clinical self-perceptions of sexuality and their links to psychopathology among adolescents. Psychopathology, 51(6), 380–389. https://doi.org/10.1159/000495842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Engel, J., Veit, M., Sinke, C., Heitland, I., Kneer, J., Hillemacher, T., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2019). Same same but different: A clinical characterization of men with hypersexual disorder in the Sex@Brain study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(157), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Fuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, D. J., & Lochner, C. (2019). Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Gilliland, R. (2015). The role of stress in hypersexual behavior. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• *Grov, C. (2007). (Re)defining (ab)normal: Sexual compulsivity among men who have sex with men. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• *Janssen, E., Prause, N., Swinburne Romine, R., Raymond, N., MacDonald, A., Coleman, E., & Miner, M. H. (2020). Sexual responsivity and the effects of negative mood on sexual arousal in hypersexual men who have sex with men (MSM). The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(9), 1751–1760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Jokinen, J., Boström, A. E., Chatzittofis, A., Ciuculete, D. M., Öberg, K. G., Flanagan, J. N., Arver, S., & Schiöth, H. B. (2017). Methylation of HPA axis related genes in men with hypersexual disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 80(June 2017), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kraus, S. W., Martino, S., Potenza, M. N., Park, C., Merrel, J. D., & Hoff, R. A. (2017). Examining compulsive sexual behavior and psychopathology among a sample of postdeployment US male and female military veterans. Military Psychology, 29(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Kraus, S. W., Potenza, M. N., Martino, S., & Grant, J. E. (2015). Examining the psychometric properties of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in a sample of compulsive pornography users. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 59(May 2015), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Lackups-Fuentes, M. M. (2018). Development and validation of a measure of cybersexual addiction. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• *Lee, J. S., Bainter, S. A., Carrico, A. W., Glynn, T. R., Rogers, B. G., Albright, C., O’Cleirigh, C., Mayer, K. H., & Safren, S. A. (2020). Connecting the dots: A comparison of network analysis and exploratory factor analysis to examine psychosocial syndemic indicators among HIV-negative sexual minority men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 43(6), 1026–1040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00148-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Levi, G., Cohen, C., Kaliche, S., Sharaabi, S., Cohen, K., Tzur-Bitan, D., & Weinstein, A. (2020). Sexual addiction, compulsivity, and impulsivity among a predominantly female sample of adults who use the internet for sex. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Messina, B., Fuentes, D., Tavares, H., Abdo, C. H. N., & Scanavino, M. D. T. (2017). Executive functioning of sexually compulsive and non-sexually compulsive men before and after watching an erotic video. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(3), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Nair, D., Pawar, A., Kalra, G., & Shah, N. (2013). An Indian study of hypersexual disorder in patients with anxiety and mood disorders. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 20(4), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2013.814094
   Google Scholar
• *Odlaug, B. L., Lust, K., Schreiber, L. R. N., Christenson, G., Derbyshire, K., Harvanko, A., Golden, D., & Grant, J. E. (2013). Compulsive sexual behavior in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 25(3), 193–200. PMID: 23926574. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23926574/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Okabe, Y., Takahashi, F., & Ito, D. (2021). Problematic pornography use in Japan: A preliminary study among university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(638354), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638354
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Raymond, N. C., Coleman, E., & Miner, M. H. (2003). Psychiatric comorbidity and compulsive/impulsive traits in compulsive sexual behavior. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44(5), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00110-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., & Carpenter, B. N. (2009). Exploring relationships of psychopathology in hypersexual patients using the MMPI-2. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 35(4), 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230902851298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., & Hook, J. N. (2016). Investigating correlates of hypersexual behavior in religious patients. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 23(2–3), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2015.1130002
   Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., Spackman, M., & Willes, D. L. (2008). Alexithymia, emotional instability, and vulnerability to stress proneness in patients seeking help for hypersexual behavior. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 34(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230701636197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Dhuffar, M. K., Parhami, I., & Fong, T. W. (2012). Exploring facets of personality in a patient sample of hypersexual women compared with hypersexual men. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 18(4), 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000416016.37968.eb
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Garos, S., & Carpenter, B. N. (2011). Reliability, validity, and psychometric development of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory in an outpatient sample of men. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 18(1), 30–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2011.555709
   Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Garos, S., & Fong, T. (2012). Psychometric development of the hypersexual behavior consequences scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1(3), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.1.2012.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Reid, R. C., Li, D. S., Gilliland, R., Stein, J. A., & Fong, T. (2011). Reliability, validity, and psychometric development of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in a sample of hypersexual men. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 37(5), 359–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.607047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Scanavino, M. D. T., Ventuneac, A., Abdo, C. H. N., Tavares, H., Amaral, M. L. S., Messina, B., Reis, S. C., Martins, J. P. L. B., & Parsons, J. T. (2018). Sexual compulsivity, anxiety, depression, and sexual risk behavior among treatment-seeking men in São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 40(4), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Scanavino, M. D. T., Ventuneac, A., Caramelli, B., Naufal, L., Santos Filho, C. S. D., Nisida, I. V. V., Amaral, M. L. S., Vieira, J. C., & Parsons, J. T. (2019). Cardiovascular and psychopathological factors among non-sexually compulsive, sexually compulsive, and hypersexual individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 25(1), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1687916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Scanavino, M. D. T., Ventuneac, A., Najjar Abdo, C. H., Tavares, H., Sant’ana Do Amaral, M. L., Messina, B., Caramello Dos Reis, S., Martins, J. P. L. B., & Parsons, J. T. (2013). Compulsive sexual behavior and psychopathology among treatment-seeking men in São Paulo, Brazil. Psychiatry Research, 209(3), 518–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Seok, J.-W., & Sohn, J.-H. (2015). Neural substrates of sexual desire in individuals with problematic hypersexual behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, 321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Shirk, S. D., Saxena, A., Park, D., & Kraus, S. W. (2021). Predicting problematic pornography use among male returning US veterans. Addictive Behaviors, 112(January 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Wéry, A., Vogelaere, K., Challet-Bouju, G., Poudat, F. X., Caillon, J., Lever, D., Billieux, J., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2016). Characteristics of self-identified sexual addicts in a behavioral addiction outpatient clinic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Zlot, Y., Goldstein, M., Cohen, K., & Weinstein, A. (2018). Online dating is associated with sex addiction and social anxiety. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 821–826. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fifth). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.744053
   Google Scholar
• Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2020). *Psychiatric comorbidity in compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD). Addictive Behaviors, 107(August 2020), 106384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/bbandelow
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter, A. J. J., Scott, K. M. M., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. A. (2013). Global prevalence of anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 43(5), 897–910. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171200147X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blycker, G. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2018). A mindful model of sexual health: A review and implications of the model for the treatment of individuals with compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 917–929. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bőthe, B., Bartok, R., Toth-Kiraly, I., Reid, R. C., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). Hypersexuality, gender, and sexual orientation: A large-scale psychometric survey study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(8), 2265–2276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1201-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bőthe, B., Kovacs, M., Toth-Kiraly, I., Reid, R. C., Griffiths, M. D., Orosz, G. G., Demetrovics, Z., Bőthe, B., Kovács, M., Tóth-Király, I., Reid, R. C., Griffiths, M. D., Orosz, G. G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019). The psychometric properties of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory using a large-scale nonclinical sample. The Journal of Sex Research, 56(2), 180–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1494262
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bőthe, B., Potenza, M. N., Griffiths, M. D., Kraus, S. W., Klein, V., Fuss, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020). The development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19): An ICD-11 based screening measure across three languages. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Orosz, G. (2018). The development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). The Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., Bergeron, S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019). Problematic and non-problematic pornography use among LGBTQ adolescents: A systematic literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 6(4), 478–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00289-5
   Google Scholar
• Carnes, P. (1983). Out of the shadows: Understanding sexual addiction. Hazelden Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Cartmill, T., Slatter, T., & Wilkie, B. (2014). The role of anxiety and dissociation in young Australian gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(4), 1215–1226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-014-9510-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Jiang, X., Wang, Q., Bőthe, B., Potenza, M. N., & Wu, H. (2021). The association between the quantity and severity of pornography use: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1988500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, E. (1990). The obsessive-compulsive model for describing compulsive sexual behaviour. American Journal of Preventive Psychiatry and Neurology, 2(3), 9–14. https://www.sexualhealth.umn.edu/sites/sexualhealth.umn.edu/files/coleman_1990_obsessive-compulsive_model_for_describing_csb_am_j_preventive_psychiatry_neurology.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, E., Miner, M., Ohlerking, F., & Raymond, N. (2001). Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory: A preliminary study of reliability and validity. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27(4), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/009262301317081070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coman, G. J., Burrows, G. D., & Evans, B. J. (1997). Stress and anxiety as factors in the onset of problem gambling: Implications for treatment. Stress Medicine, 13(4), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199710)13:4<235::AID-SMI748>3.0.CO;2-4
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, A., Delmonico, D. L., & Burg, R. (2000). Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 7(1–2), 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160008400205
   Google Scholar
• Delmonico, D. L., & Carnes, P. J. (1999). Virtual sex addiction: When cybersex becomes the drug of choice. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 2(5), 457–463. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1999.2.457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Derbyshire, K. L., & Grant, J. E. (2015). Compulsive sexual behavior: A review of the literature. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickenson, J. A., Gleason, N., Coleman, E., & Miner, M. H. (2018). Prevalence of distress associated with difficulty controlling sexual urges, feelings, and behaviors in the United States. JAMA Network Open, 1(7), e184468. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisinger, K. F. (1994). Cross-cultural normative assessment: Translation and adaptation issues influencing the normative interpretation of assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.304
   Google Scholar
• Gold, S. N., & Heffner, C. L. (1998). Sexual addiction: Many conceptions, minimal data. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(3), 367–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(97)00051-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., Compton, W., Pickering, R. P., & Kaplan, K. (2004). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(8), 807. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubbs, J. B., Hoagland, K. C., Lee, B. N., Grant, J. T., Davison, P., Reid, R. C., & Kraus, S. W. (2020). Sexual addiction 25 years on: A systematic and methodological review of empirical literature and an agenda for future research. Clinical Psychology Review, 82(101925), 1–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101925
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019). Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: An integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(2), 397–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1248-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., & Oberg, K. G. (2017). A cognitive-behavioral therapy group intervention for hypersexual disorder: A feasibility Study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(7), 950–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 377–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafka, M. P. (2014). What happened to hypersexual disorder? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(7), 1259–1261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0326-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, V., Savaş, Ö., & Conley, T. D. (2021). How WEIRD and androcentric is sex research? Global inequities in study populations. The Journal of Sex Research, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1918050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalewska, E., Grubbs, J. B., Potenza, M. N., Gola, M., Draps, M., & Kraus, S. W. (2018). Neurocognitive mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Current Sexual Health Reports, 10(4), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11930-018-0176-Z
   Google Scholar
• Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, S. W., Popat-Jain, A., & Potenza, M. N. (2021). Compulsive sexual behavior and substance use disorders. In R. Balon & P. Briken (Eds.), Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Understanding, Assessment, and Treatment (pp .21–34). American Psychiatric Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Kraus, S. W., Rosenberg, H., Martino, S., Nich, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2017). The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Ise Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus, S. W., Voon, V., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? Addiction, 111(12), 2097–2106. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, M. P., & Troiden, R. R. (1988). The myth of sexual compulsivity. The Journal of Sex Research, 25(3), 347–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lew-Starowicz, M., Lewczuk, K., Nowakowska, I., Kraus, S., & Gola, M. (2019). Compulsive sexual behavior and dysregulation of emotion. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 8(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, W., Chikritzhs, T., & Lenton, S. (2011). Affective disorders and anxiety disorders predict the risk of drug harmful use and dependence. Addiction, 106(6), 1126–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03362.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, R. D. (1994). An analysis of trait anxiety and sexual addiction. ProQuest Information & Learning.
   Google Scholar
• McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, C. P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011). Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miner, M. H., & Coleman, E. (2013). Compulsive sexual behavior and its relationship to risky sexual behavior. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 20(1–2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2013.768133
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. J., Becker-Blease, K. A., & Finkelhor, D. (2005). Inventory of problematic internet experiences encountered in clinical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustanski, B. (2015). Future directions in research on sexual minority adolescent mental, behavioral, and sexual health. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.982756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orford, J. (1978). Hypersexuality: Implications for a theory of dependence. British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs, 73(3), 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1978.tb00157.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parsons, J. T., Rendina, H. J., Moody, R. L., Ventuneac, A., & Grov, C. (2015). Syndemic production and sexual compulsivity/hypersexuality in highly sexually active gay and bisexual men: Further evidence for a three group conceptualization. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(7), 1903–1913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0574-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollack, M. H. (2005). Comorbid anxiety and depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(SUPPL. 8), 22–29. https://www.psychiatrist.com/read-pdf/3379/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, R. C., Carpenter, B. N., Hook, J. N., Garos, S., Manning, J. C., Gilliland, R., Cooper, E. B., McKittrick, H., Davtian, M., & Fong, T. (2012). Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(11), 2868–2877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, R. C., & Kafka, M. P. (2014). Controversies about hypersexual disorder and the DSM-5. Current Sexual Health Reports, 6(4), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-014-0031-9
   Google Scholar
• Roller, C. G. (2007). Sexually compulsive/addictive behaviors in women: A women’s healthcare issue. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 52(5), 486–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooney, B. M., Tulloch, T. G., & Blashill, A. J. (2018). Psychosocial syndemic correlates of sexual compulsivity among men who have sex with men: A meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1032-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenman, R., Tennekoon, V., & Hill, L. G. (2011). Measuring bias in self-reported data. International Journal of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 2(4), 320. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBHR.2011.043414
   Google Scholar
• Sassover, E., & Weinstein, A. (2020). Should compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) be considered as a behavioral addiction? A debate paper presenting the opposing view. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, M. B., Wetterneck, C. T., Bistricky, S. L., Shutter, T., & Chase, T. E. (2016). Clinicians’ beliefs, observations, and treatment effectiveness regarding clients’ sexual addiction and internet pornography use. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(8), 1070–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-016-0034-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin, M. N., Scoglio, A. A. J., Blycker, G. R., Potenza, M. N., & Kraus, S. W. (2020). Child sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behavior: A systematic literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 7(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00298-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., van Hemert, A. M., de Rooij, M., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014). Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: Prevalence and shared risk factors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 1320–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stark, R., Klucken, T., Potenza, M. N., Brand, M., & Strahler, J. (2018). A current understanding of the behavioral neuroscience of compulsive sexual behavior disorder and problematic pornography use. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 5(4), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-018-0162-9
   Google Scholar
• Sussman, S. (Ed.). (2020). The Cambridge handbook of substance and behavioral addictions (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108632591
   Google Scholar
• van der Maas, M. (2016). Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: An examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status. International Gambling Studies, 16(2), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Widenfelt, B. M., Treffers, P. D. A., De Beurs, E., Siebelink, B. M., & Koudijs, E. (2005). Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of assessment instruments used in psychological research with children and families. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-005-4752-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voon, V., Mole, T. B., Banca, P., Porter, L., Morris, L., Mitchell, S., Lapa, T. R., Karr, J., Harrison, N. A., Potenza, M. N., Irvine, M., & Sgambato-Faure, V. (2014). Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welkowitz, L. A., Struening, E. L., Pittman, J., Guardino, M., & Welkowitz, J. (2000). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and comorbid anxiety problems in a national anxiety screening sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14(5), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(00)00034-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yapici Eser, H., Kacar, A. S., Kilciksiz, C. M., Yalçinay-Inan, M., & Ongur, D. (2018). Prevalence and associated features of anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis and meta-regression study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 229. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar