Dominants, Submissives, and Bottom-up Text Analysis: Exploring BDSM Roles Through Romantic and Erotic Narratives

References

• Banyard, V. L., & Miller, K. E. (1998). The powerful potential of qualitative research for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(4), 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022136821013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, R. (2016). Desiring masculinities while desiring to question masculinity? How embodied masculinities are renegotiated in les-bi-trans-queer BDSM practices. Norma, 11(4), 237–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2016.1260262
   Google Scholar
• Bezreh, T., Weinberg, T. S., & Edgar, T. (2012). BDSM disclosure and stigma management: Identifying opportunities for sex education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7(1), 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2012.650984
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd, R. L., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2017). Language-based personality: A new approach to personality in a digital world. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18, 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly, P. H. (2006). Psychological functioning of bondage/domination/sado-masochism (BDSM) practitioners. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 18(1), 79–120. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v18n01_05
   Google Scholar
• Cross, P. A., & Matheson, K. (2006). Understanding sadomasochism: An empirical examination of four perspectives. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2–3), 133–166. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n02_07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dancer, P. L., Kleinplatz, P. J., & Moser, C. (2006). 24/7 SM slavery. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2–3), 81–101. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n02_05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkley, C. R., & Brotto, L. A. (2018). Clinical considerations in treating BDSM practitioners: A review. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(7), 701–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2018.1451792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galupo, M. P., Henise, S. B., & Mercer, N. L. (2016). “The labels don’t work very well”: Transgender individuals’ conceptualizations of sexual orientation and sexual identity. International Journal of Transgenderism, 17(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1189373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemberling, T. M., Cramer, R. J., & Miller, R. S. (2015). BDSM as sexual orientation: A comparison to lesbian, gay, and bisexual sexuality. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 1(1), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.51681/1.133
   Google Scholar
• Groom, C. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2002). Words. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 615–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00512-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Mindfulness: Method and process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hébert, A., & Weaver, A. (2014). An examination of personality characteristics associated with BDSM orientations. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2467
   Google Scholar
• Hébert, A., & Weaver, A. (2015). Perks, problems, and the people who play: A qualitative exploration of dominant and submissive BDSM roles. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 24(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh, J. B., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Personality and language use in self-narratives. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, S. D., & Hammack, P. L. (2019). Affirmation, compartmentalization, and isolation: Narratives of identity sentiment among kinky people. Psychology & Sexuality, 10(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2019.1575896
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ireland, M. E., Schwartz, H. A., Chen, Q., Ungar, L. H., & Albarracín, D. (2015). Future-oriented tweets predict lower county-level HIV prevalence in the United States. Health Psychology, 34(Suppl), 1252–1260. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000279
   Google Scholar
• Ireland, E. I., Slatcher, R. B., Eastwick, P. W., Scissors, L. E., Finkel, E. J., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Language style matching predicts relationship initiation and stability. Psychological Science, 22(39), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610392928
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iserman, M., Ireland, M. E., Littlefield, A. K., Davis, T., & Maliepaard, S. (2018). An approach to the CLPsych 2018 shared task using top-down text representation and simple bottom-up model selection. In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Keyboard to Clinic (pp. 47–56). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W18-0605
   Google Scholar
• Kacewicz, E., Pennebaker, J. W., Davis, M., Jeon, M., & Graesser, A. C. (2013). Pronoun use reflects standings in social hierarchies. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 33(2), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X13502654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. M., Raison, C. L., Milek, A., Tackman, A. M., Pace, T. W., & Mehl, M. R. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness in daily life: A naturalistic observation study. PloS One, 13(11), e0206029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leistner, C. E., & Mark, K. P. (2016). Fifty shades of sexual health and BDSM identity messaging: A thematic analysis of the fifty shades series. Sexuality & Culture, 20(3), 464–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-016-9337-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz, T. A., & Meston, C. M. (2012). Associations among childhood sexual abuse, language use and adult sexual functioning and satisfaction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(2), 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.09.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, C. G., & Chen, H. M. (2019). Vanilla and kink: Power and communication in marriages with a BDSM-identifying partner. Sexuality & Culture, 23(3), 774–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-019-09590-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser, C., & Kleinplatz, P. J. (2006). Introduction: The state of our knowledge on SM. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2–3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n02_01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir, K., Joinson, A., Collins, E., Cotterill, R., & Dewdney, N. (2020). When asking “what” and “how” helps you win: Mimicry of interrogative terms facilitates successful online negotiations. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 14(2), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, M. L., Groom, C. J., Handelman, L. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Gender differences in language use: An analysis of 14,000 text samples. Discourse Processes, 45(3), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638530802073712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, G., Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J. C., Kern, M. L., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. J., Ungar, L. H., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2015). Automatic personality assessment through social media language. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), 934–952. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Using computer analyses to identify language style and aggressive intent: The secret life of function words. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 4(2), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2011.627932
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W., Boyd, R. L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015.
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E., & Booth, R. J. (2001). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC 2001. Mahway: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 71.
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker, J. W., & Lay, T. C. (2002). Language use and personality during crises: Analyses of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani’s press conferences. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(3), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2002.2349
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitagora, D. (2013). Consent vs. coercion: BDSM interactions highlight a fine but immutable line. The New School Psychology Bulletin, 10(1), 27–36.
   Google Scholar
• Richters, J., De Visser, R. O., Rissel, C. E., Grulich, A. E., & Smith, A. M. A. (2008). Demographic and psychosocial features of participants in bondage and discipline, “sadomasochism” or dominance and submission (BDSM): Data from a national survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(7), 1660–1668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00795.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuerwegen, A., Huys, W., Coppens, V., De Neef, N., Henckens, J., Goethals, K., & Morrens, M. (2021). The psychology of kink: A cross-sectional survey study investigating the roles of sensation seeking and coping style in BDSM-related interests. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(3), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01807-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheff, E., & Hammers, C. (2011). The privilege of perversities: Race, class and education among polyamorists and kinksters. Psychology & Sexuality, 2(3), 198–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2010.537674
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, R. A., Gordon, P. C., & Chambless, D. L. (2005). Pronouns in marital interaction: What do “you” and “I” say about marital health? Psychological Science, 16(12), 932–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01639.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simula, B. L. (2019). Pleasure, power, and pain: A review of the literature on the experiences of BDSM participants. Sociology Compass, 13(3), e12668. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simula, B. L., & Sumerau, J. (2019). The use of gender in the interpretation of BDSM. Sexualities, 22(3), 452–477. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460717737488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprott, R. A., & Williams, D. J. (2019). Is BDSM a sexual orientation or serious leisure? Current Sexual Health Reports, 11(2), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-019-00195-x
   Google Scholar
• Strassberg, D. S., & Lowe, K. (1995). Volunteer bias in sexuality research. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24(4), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01541853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2011). Predicting the perceived quality of online mathematics contributions from users’ reputations. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1885–1888). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979215
   Google Scholar
• Turley, E. L. (2016). ‘Like nothing I’ve ever felt before’: Understanding consensual BDSM as embodied experience. Psychology & Sexuality, 7(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2015.1135181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turley, E. L. (2018). Leading and following? Understanding the power dynamics in consensual BDSM. In J. K. Beggan & S. T. Allison (Eds.), Leadership and sexuality: Power, principles and processes (pp. 183–196). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786438652.00018
   Google Scholar
• Vereenooghe, L. (2021). Participation of people with disabilities in web-based research. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 229(4), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivid, J., Lev, E. M., & Sprott, R. A. (2020). The structure of kink identity: Four key themes within a world of complexity. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 6(2), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.51681/1.623
   Google Scholar
• Waldura, J. F., Arora, I., Randall, A. M., Farala, J. P., & Sprott, R. A. (2016). Fifty shades of stigma: Exploring the health care experiences of kink-oriented patients. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 13(12), 1918–1929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, M. D. (2006). Mainstreaming kink: The politics of BDSM representation in US popular media. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2–3), 103–132. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n02_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wismeijer, A. A., & Van Assen, M. A. (2013). Psychological characteristics of BDSM practitioners. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(8), 1943–1952. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S. (2006). Discrimination of SM-identified individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(2–3), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v50n02_10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, H., & Li, Y. (2018). A corpus-based investigation of the distributional patterns of English and Chinese pronouns. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(4), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v5n4p15
   Google Scholar
• Yarkoni, T. (2010). Personality in 100,000 words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(3), 363–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yost, M. R., & Hunter, L. E. (2012). BDSM practitioners’ understandings of their initial attraction to BDSM sexuality: Essentialist and constructionist narratives. Psychology & Sexuality, 3(3), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2012.700028
   Google Scholar