Focus of Attention in Groups: A Self-Attention Perspective

References

• Bain , R. 1936 . The self-other words of a child . American Journal of Sociology , 41 : 767 – 775 .
   Google Scholar
• Borden , R. J. 1980 . “ Audience influence ” . In Psychology of group influence , Edited by: Paulus , P. B. 99 – 131 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Calkins , M. W. 1915 . The self in scientific psychology . American Journal of Psychology , 26 : 495 – 524 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , D. T. 1958 . Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities . Behavioral Science , 3 : 14 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. and Scheier , M. F. 1978 . Self-focusing effects of dispositional self-consciousness, mirror presence, and audience presence . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 324 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. and Scheier , M. F. 1981 . Attention and self-regulation: A control theory approach to human behavior , New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Cooley , C. H. 1908 . A study of the early use of self words by a child . Psychological Review , 15 : 339 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Coren , S. , Porac , C. and Ward , L. M. 1979 . Sensation and perception , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , D. and Brock , T. C. 1975 . Use of first person pronouns as a function of increased objective self-awareness and performance feedback . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 11 : 381 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , K. 1948 . Human society , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Diener , E. 1980 . “ Deindividuation: The absence of self-awareness and self-regulation in group members ” . In Psychology of group influence , Edited by: Paulus , P. B. 209 – 249 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Diener , E. , Lusk , R. , DeFour , D. and Flax , R. 1980 . Deindividuation: Effects of group size, density, and group members' similarity on self-consciousness and disinhibited behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 449 – 459 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon , J. 1982 . Male-female similarities in class participation . Journal of Educational Research , 75 : 350 – 353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exner , J. E. 1973 . The self-focus sentence completion blank: A study of egocentricity . Journal of Personality Assessment , 37 : 437 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenigstein , A. , Scheier , M. F. and Buss , A. H. 1975 . Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory . Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , 43 : 522 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festinger , L. , Pepitone , A. and Newcomb , T. 1952 . Some consequences of deindividuation in a group . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 47 : 382 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geen , R. G. and Bushman , B. J. 1987 . “ Drive theory: Effects of socially engendered arousal ” . In Theories of group behavior , Edited by: Mullen , B. and Goethals , G. R. 89 – 109 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Goodenough , F. L. 1938 . The use of pronouns by young children . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 52 : 333 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnstone , H. W. 1970 . The problem of the self , University Park, PA : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kagan , J. The emergence of consciousness in the second year . Invited address presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association . New York. April .
   Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick , W. H. 1941 . Selfhood and civilization: A study of the self-other process , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Koffka , K. 1935 . Principles of gestalt psychology , New York : Harcourt, Brace .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. M. and Brewer , M. B. 1984 . Effects of group identification on resource use in a simulated commons dilemma . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 1044 – 1057 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravitz , D. A. and Martin , B. 1986 . Ringelmann rediscovered: The original article . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 : 936 – 941 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latane , B. and Darley , J. M. 1970 . The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help? , New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Luhtanan , R. and Watson , N. A measure of state public self-awareness . Paper presented at the annual convention of the Eastern Psychological Association . Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Messick , D. M. and McClelland , C. L. 1983 . Social traps and temporal traps . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 9 : 105 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. 1983 . Operationalizing the effect of the group on the individual: A self-attention perspective . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 19 : 295 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. 1984 . Participation in religious groups as a function of group composition: A self-attention perspective . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 14 : 509 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. Participation in classroom discussion as a function of class composition: A self-attention perspective . Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association . Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. 1986a . Atrocity as a function of lynch mob composition: A self-attention perspective . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 12 : 187 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. 1986b . Stuttering, audience size, and the other-total ratio: A self-attention perspective . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 16 : 141 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. 1987 . “ Self-attention theory: The effects of group composition on the individual ” . In Theories of group behavior , Edited by: Mullen , B. and Goethals , G. R. 125 – 146 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. and Baumeister , R. F. 1987 . “ Group effects on self-attention and performance: Social loafing, social facilitation, and social impairment ” . In Review of personality and social psychology , Edited by: Hendrick , C. 189 – 206 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. and Chapman , J. G. Resource use in the commons dilemma as a function of group composition: A self-attention perspective . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association . Washington, DC. April .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. and Hu , L. Group composition, the self, and religious experience: East and West . Paper presented at the British Psychological Society's International Conference on Eastern Approaches to Self and Mind . Cardiff, Wales. July .
   Google Scholar
• Mullen , B. , Johnson , D. A. and Drake , S. D. 1987 . Organizational productivity as a function of group composition: A self-attention perspective . Journal of Social Psychology , 127 : 143 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice-Dunn , S. and Rogers , R. W. 1980 . Effects of deindividuating situational cues and aggressive models on subjective deindividuation and aggression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 : 104 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice-Dunn , S. and Rogers , R. W. 1982 . Effects of public and private self-awareness on deindividuation and aggression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 43 : 503 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley , D. A. 1958 . The nature of the effective stimulus in animal discrimination learning . Psychological Review , 65 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , S. 1963 . Self-knowledge and self identity , Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singer , J. , Brush , C. and Lublin , S. 1965 . Some aspects of deindividuation: Identification and conformity . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 1 : 365 – 378 .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , M. Spontaneity and self-control . Paper presented at the British Psychological Society's International Conference on Eastern Approaches to Self and Mind . Cardiff, Wales. July .
   Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. and Giuliano , T. 1980 . Arousal-induced attention to self . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 38 : 719 – 726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. and Giuliano , T. 1983 . On sending artifact in search of artifact: Reply to McDonald, Harris, & Maher . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 290 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. and Schaefer , D. 1978 . The concentration of responsibility: An objective self-awareness analysis of group size effects in helping situations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 36 : 147 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Wicklund , R. A. 1980 . “ Group contact and self-focused attention ” . In Psychology of group influence , Edited by: Paulus , P. B. 109 – 208 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Wicklund , R. A. 1982 . “ How society uses self-awareness ” . In Psychological perspectives on the self , Edited by: Suls , J. Vol. 1 , 209 – 230 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Woodward , B. , Bernstein , C. , Johnson , H. and Meyer , L. 1974 . The presidential transcripts , New York : Dell .
   Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R. B. 1965 . Social facilitation . Science , 149 : 269 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimbardo , P. 1970 . “ The human choice: Individuation, reason and order versus deindividuation, impulse and chaos ” . In Nebraska symposium on motivation , Edited by: Arnold , W. J. and Levine , D. Vol. 18 , 237 – 308 . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar