References
- Anderson , L. R. and Ager , J. W. 1978 . Analysis of variance in small group research . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 4 : 341 – 345 .
- Back , K. 1950 . “ The exertion of influence through social communication ” . In Theory and experiment in social communication , Edited by: Festinger , L. , Back , K. , Schachter , S. , Kelley , H. H. and Thibaut , J. 21 – 36 . Ann Arbor, MI : Edwards Bros .
- Bakeman , R. and Helmreich , R. 1975 . Cohesiveness and performance: Covariation and causality in an undersea environment . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 11 : 478 – 489 .
- Beehr , T. A. 1976 . Perceived situational moderators of the relationship between subjective role ambiguity and role strain . Journal of Applied Psychology , 61 : 35 – 40 .
- Brawley , L. R. , Carron , A. V. and Widmeyer , W. N. 1988 . Exploring the relationship between cohesion and group resistance to disruption . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 10 : 199 – 213 .
- Carron , A. V. 1982 . Cohesiveness in sport groups: Implications and considerations . Journal of Sport Psychology , 4 : 123 – 138 .
- Carron , A. V. , Widmeyer , W. N. and Brawley , L. R. 1985 . The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire . Journal of Sport Psychology , 7 : 244 – 266 .
- Carron , A. V. , Widmeyer , W. N. and Brawley , L. R. 1988 . Group cohesion and individual adherence to physical activity . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 10 : 127 – 138 .
- Cartwright , D. 1968 . “ The nature of group cohesiveness ” . In Group dynamics: Research and theory , Edited by: Cartwright , D. and Zander , A. New York : Harper & Row .
- Drescher , S. , Burlingame , G. and Fuhriman , A. 1985 . Cohesion: An odyssey in empirical understanding . Small Group Behavior , 16 : 3 – 30 .
- Festinger , L. 1950 . Informal social communication . Psychological Review , 57 : 271 – 282 .
- Festinger , L. , Schachter , S. and Back , K. 1950 . Social pressures in informal groups , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
- Gal , R. and Manning , F. J. 1987 . Morale and its components: A cross-national comparison . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 17 : 369 – 391 .
- Hackman , J. R. 1976 . “ Group influence on individuals ” . In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology , Edited by: Dunnette , M. D. 1455 – 1525 . Chicago : Rand-McNally .
- Hackman , J. R. and Morris , C. G. 1975 . “ Group tasks, group interaction process, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration ” . In Advances in experimental psychology , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. Vol. 8 , New York : Academic Press .
- Hagstrom , W. O. and Selvin , H. C. 1965 . Two dimensions of cohesiveness in small groups . Sociometry , 28 : 30 – 43 .
- Johnson , M. E. and Fortman , J. B. 1988 . Internal structure of the Gross cohesiveness scale . Small Group Behavior , 19 : 146 – 152 .
- Keller , R. T. 1983 . Predicting absenteeism from prior absenteeism, attitudinal factors and non-attitudinal factors . Journal of Applied Psychology , 68 : 536 – 540 .
- Kenny , D. A. and La Voie , L. 1985 . Separating individual and group effects . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 339 – 348 .
- Lott , A. J. and Lott , B. E. 1961 . Group cohesiveness, communication level, and conformity . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 : 408 – 412 .
- Lott , A. J. and Lott , B. E. 1965 . Group cohesiveness as interpersonal attraction: A review of relationships with antecedents and consequent variables . Psychological Bulletin , 64 : 259 – 309 .
- Mudrack , P. E. 1989 . Defining group cohesiveness: A legacy of confusion . Small Group Behavior , 20 : 37 – 49 .
- Myers , J. L. 1979 . Fundamentals of experimental design, , 3rd ed. , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
- Piper , W. E. , Marrache , M. , Lacroix , R. , Richardson , A. M. and Jones , B. D. 1983 . Cohesion as a basic bond in groups . Human Relations , 36 : 93 – 108 .
- Rizzo , J. R. , House , R. J. and Lirtzman , S. I. 1970 . Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 15 : 150 – 163 .
- Schachter , S. 1951 . Deviation, rejection, and communication . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 46 : 190 – 207 .
- Schachter , S. 1952 . Comment . American Journal of Sociology , 57 : 554 – 562 .
- Schriesheim , J. F. 1980 . The social context of leader-subordinate relations: An investigation of the effects of group cohesiveness . Journal of Applied Psychology , 65 : 183 – 194 .
- Stokes , J. P. 1983 . Components of group cohesion: Intermember attraction, instrumental value, and risk taking . Small Group Behavior , 14 : 163 – 173 .
- Taylor , J. C. and Bowers , D. G. 1972 . Survey of organizations: A machine-scored standardized questionnaire instrument , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan .
- Tziner , A. 1982 . Differential effects of group cohesiveness types: A clarifying overview . Social Behavior and Personality , 10 : 227 – 239 .
- Van Sell , M. , Brief , A. P. and Schuler , R. S. 1981 . Role conflict and role ambiguity: Integration of the literature and directions for future research . Human Relations , 34 : 43 – 71 .
- Yukelson , D. , Weinberg , R. and Jackson , A. 1984 . A multidimensional group cohesion instrument for intercollegiate basketball teams . Journal of Sport Psychology , 6 : 103 – 117 .
- Zaccaro , S. J. and Lowe , C. A. 1988 . Cohesiveness and performance on an additive task: Evidence for multidimensionality . Journal of Social Psychology , 128 : 547 – 558 .
- Zaccaro , S. J. and McCoy , M. C. 1988 . The effects of task and interpersonal cohesiveness on performance of a disjunctive group task . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 18 : 837 – 851 .