Resentment of Paternalism as System Change Sentiment: Hostile Sexism Toward Men and Actual Behavior in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

REFERENCES

• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels , L. M. 2000 . Partisanship and voting behavior, 1952–1996 . American Journal of Political Science , 44 : 35 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brigham , J. C. 1993 . College students’ racial attitudes . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 23 : 1933 – 1967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. , Cohen , P. , West , P. G. and Aiken , L. S. 2003 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , 3rd , Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer , C. E. , Stevens , D. , Sullivan , J. L. and Allen , B. 2009 . Racism, sexism, and candidate evaluations in the 2008 U.S. presidential election . Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy , 9 : 223 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , J. B. , Johnson , K. L. , Ambady , N. and Rule , N. O. 2010 . Sexual orientation perception involves gendered facial cues . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 36 : 1318 – 1331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. and Fiske , S. T. 1996 . The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 70 : 491 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. and Fiske , S. T. 1999 . The Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent beliefs about men . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 23 : 519 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. and Fiske , S. T. 2001 . An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality . American Psychologist , 56 : 109 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. , Fiske , S. T. , Mlandic , A. , Saiz , J. , Abrams , D. , Masser , B., … and López , W. L. 2000 . Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 : 763 – 775 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick , P. , Lameiras , M. , Fiske , S. T. , Eckes , T. , Masser , B. , Volpato , C., … and Wells , R. 2004 . Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 countries . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 86 : 713 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , J. M. 1997 . Prejudice and racism , 2nd , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J. M.2008, September 30Bush's approval rating drops to a new low of 27%. Gallup.com. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/110806/Bushs-Approval-Rating-Drops-New-Low-27.aspx (http://www.gallup.com/poll/110806/Bushs-Approval-Rating-Drops-New-Low-27.aspx)
   Google Scholar
• Knowles , E. D. , Lowery , B. S. and Schaumberg , R. L. 2009 . Anti-egalitarians for Obama? Group-dominance motivation and the Obama vote . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 45 : 965 – 969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConahay , J. B. 1986 . “ Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale ” . In Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91–125) , Edited by: Dovidio , J. F. and Gaertner , S. L. San Diego , CA : Academic Press . InEds.
   Google Scholar
• Payne , B. K. , Krosnick , J. A. , Pasek , J. , Lelkes , Y. , Akhtar , O. and Tompson , T. 2010 . Implicit and explicit prejudice in the 2008 American presidential election . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 46 : 367 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runciman , W. C. 1966 . Relative deprivation and social justice , London , UK : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Swim , J. K. and Cohen , L. L. 1997 . Overt, covert, and subtle sexism: A comparison between the attitudes toward women and modern sexism scales . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 21 : 103 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnik , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2007 . Using multivariate statistics , 5th , Boston , MA : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel , H. 1981 . Social identity and intergroup relations , London , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tate , C. C. , Ledbetter , J. N. and Youssef , C. P. 2013 . A two-question method for assessing gender categories in the social and medical Sciences . Journal of Sex Research , 50 : 760 – 776 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umesh , U. N. , Peterson , R. A. , McCann-Nelson , M. and Vaidyananthan , R. 1996 . Type IV error in marketing research: The investigations of ANOVA interactions . Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , 24 : 17 – 26 .
   Google Scholar