Commentary on Sources of Ostracism Research

REFERENCES

• Bastian, B., Jetten, J., Chen, H., Radke, H. R. M., Harding, J. F., & Fasoli, F. (2013). Losing our humanity: The self-dehumanizing consequences of social ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 156–169. doi:10.1177/0146167212471205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciarocco, N. J., Sommer, K. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Ostracism and ego depletion: The strains of silence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1156–1163. doi:10.1177/0146167201279008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooley, S. L., Zadro, L. A., Williams, L. A., Svetieva, E., & Gonsalkorale, K. (2015). Ostracizing for a reason: A novel source paradigm for examining the nature and consequences of motivated ostracism. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 410–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahe, J. E., & Coddington, K. (2015, June 3). Conversation paradigms and cyberostracism. Retrieved from osf.io/hwy8v
   Google Scholar
• Grahe, J. E., Williams, K. D., & Escamilla, N. A. (1998, May). Ostracism: A conversation paradigm to study sources and targets. Paper presented at Midwestern Psychology Association, Chicago, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 681–706. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassner, M. P., Wesselmann, E. D., Law, A. T., & Williams, K. D. (2012). Virtually ostracized: Studying ostracism in immersive virtual environments. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 399–403. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A., & Judd, C. M. (1986). Consequences of violating the independence assumption in analysis of variance. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 422–431. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legate, N., DeHaan, C., Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. (2013). Hurting you hurts me too: The psychological costs of complying with ostracism. Psychological Science, 24, 583–588. doi:10.1177/0956797612457951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legate, N., DeHaan, C., & Ryan, R. (2015). Righting the wrong: Reparative coping after going along with ostracism. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 471–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nezlek, J. B., Wesselmann, E. D., Wheeler, L., & Williams, K. D. (2015). Ostracism in everyday life: The effects of ostracism on those who ostracize. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 432–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon, K.-T., & Chen, Z. (2015). How does the source of rejection perceive innocent victims? Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 515–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen, J. R., & Carmon, A. F. (2015). Who would do that? A theory-based analysis of narratives of sources of family ostracism. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 452–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulsen, J. R., & Kashy, D. A. (2012). Two sides of the ostracism coin: How sources and targets of social exclusion perceive themselves and one another. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15, 457–470. doi:10.1177/1368430211430517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart Richman, L., & Leary, M. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A dynamic, multi-motive model. Psychological Review, 116, 365–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A., & Williams, K. D. (2004). R U there? Ostracism by cell phone text messages. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 8, 291–301. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.8.4.291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer, K., & Yoon, J. (2013). When silence is golden: Ego depletion following aversive social interactions. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 30, 901–919. doi:10.1177/0265407512473006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin, S. J., Vanman, E. J., Verreynne, M., & Saeri, A. K. (2015). Threats to belonging on Facebook: Lurking and ostracism. Social Influence, 10, 31–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Beest, I., Hartgerink, C., Wicherts, J., & Williams, K. D. (2015). Ordinal effects of ostracism: A meta-analysis of Cyberball studies. PLoSONE, 10(5), e0127002. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127002
   Google Scholar
• Van Tongeren, D. R., Root Luna, L. M., & VanOyen Witvliet, C. (2015). Insufficient justification for exclusion prompts compensatory behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 527–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesselmann, E., Wirth, J., Pryor, J., Reeder, G., & Williams, K. (2013). When do we ostracize? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4, 108–115. doi:10.1177/1948550612443386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesselmann, E., Wirth, J. H., & Grahe, J. E. (2015, June 3). “Sources of ostracism” hub. Retrieved from osf.io/env5w
   Google Scholar
• Wesselmann, E. D., Wirth, J. H., Pryor, J. B., Reeder, G. D., & Williams, K. D. (2015). The role of burden and deviation in ostracizing others. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 483–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In R. M. Kowlalski (Ed.), Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133–170). New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425–452. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: Effects of being excluded and ignored. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 275–314). New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., Bernieri, F. J., Faulkner, S. L., Gada-Jain, N., & Grahe, J. E. (2000). The scarlet letter study: Five days of social ostracism. Journal of Personal & Interpersonal Loss, 5, 19–63. doi:10.1080/10811440008407846
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., Cheung, C., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748–762. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., Govan, C. L., Croker, V., Tynan, D., Cruickshank, M., & Lam, A. (2002). Investigations into differences between social-and cyberostracism. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(1), 65–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., Shore, W. J., & Grahe, J. E. (1998). The silent treatment: Perceptions of its behaviors and associated feelings. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 1, 117–141. doi:10.1177/1368430298012002
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., & Sommer, K. L. (1997). Social ostracism by coworkers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 693–706. doi:10.1177/0146167297237003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D., Wheeler, L., & Harvey, J. (2001). Inside the social mind of the ostracizer. In J. Forgas, K. D. Williams, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), The social mind: Cognitive and motivational aspects of interpersonal behavior (pp. 294–320). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wirth, J. H., Bernstein, M. J., & LeRoy, A. S. (2015). Atimia: A new paradigm for investigating how individuals feel when ostracizing others. Journal of Social Psychology, 155(5), 497–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadro, L., & Gonsalkorale, K. (2014). Sources of ostracism: The nature and consequences of excluding and ignoring others. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 93–97. doi:10.1177/0963721413520321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadro, L., Williams, K. D., & Richardson, R. (2005). Riding the ‘O’ train: Comparing the effects of ostracism and verbal dispute on targets and sources. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 8, 125–143. doi:10.1177/1368430205051062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar