Five (plus or minus one): The point at which an assemblage of individuals is perceived as a single, unified group

References

• Ambrona, T. , Oceja, L. , López-Pérez, B. , & Carrera, P. (2016). Can empathy be generalized from one person to others? Another positive side of the one-among-others effect. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 57, 547–553. doi:10.1111/sjop.12316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aron, A. , Aron, E. , & Smollan, D. (1992). The Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63, 596–612. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American , 193, 31–35. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernieri, F. J. , Gillis, J. S. , Davis, J. M. , & Grahe, J. E. (1996). Dyad rapport and the accuracy of its judgment across situations: A lens model analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 71, 110–129. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bharucha, J. , & Stoeckig, K. (1986). Reaction time and musical expectancy: Priming of chords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 12, 403–410. doi:10.1121/1.2024011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, M. B. , & Harasty, A. S. (1996). Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition, Vol. 3: The interpersonal context (pp. 347–370). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Science , 3, 14–25. doi:10.1002/bs.3830030103
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright, D. , & Zander, A. F. (1968). Group dynamics: Research and theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, N. , Banaji, M. R. , & Abelson, R. P. (1999). Group entitativity and group perception: Associations between physical features and psychological judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 77, 991–1003. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desportes & Lemaine . (1988). The size of human groups: An analysis of their distributions. In D. Canter , J. C. Jesuino , L. Soxzka , & G. M. Stephenson (Eds.), Environmental Social Psychology (pp. 57–65). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Klewer.
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics . London, England: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, D. L. , Sherman, S. J. , & Castelli, L. (2002). A group by any other name - The role of entitativity in group perception. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psycholgy (Vol. 12, pp. 139–166). Chichester, England: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, J. M. , & Moreland, R. L. (1998). Small groups. In D. T. Gilbert , S. T. Fiske , & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 415–469). New York, NY US: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Lewin . (1948). Resolving social conflict: Selected papers in group dynamics . New York, NY: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Lickel, B. , Hamilton, D. L. , Wieczorkowska, G. , Lewis, A. , Sherman, S. J. , & Uhles, A. N. (2000). Varieties of groups and the perception of group entitativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78, 223–246. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loewenstein, G. F. , Weber, E. U. , Hsee, C. K. , & Welch, E. S. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin , 127, 267–286. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, M. (1983). The size of voluntary associations. American Sociological Review , 61, 104–1064. doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meneses, R. , Ortega, R. , Navarro, J. , & de Quijano, S. D. (2008). Criteria for assessing the level of group development (LGD) of work groups: Groupness, entitativity, and groupality as theoretical perspectives. Small Group Research , 39, 492–514. doi:10.1177/1046496408319787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgram, S. , Bickman, L. , & Berkowitz, O. (1969). Note on the drawing power of crowds of different size. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 13, 79–82. doi:10.1037/h0028070
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgram, S. , & Toch, H. (1969). Collective behavior: Crowds and social movements. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology . Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley,  pp. 507–610.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magic number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits to our capacity for information processing. The Psychological Review , 63, 81–97. doi:10.1037/h0043158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oceja, L. , Ambrona, T. , López-Pérez, B. , Salgado, S. , & Villegas, M. (2010). When the victim is one among others: Empathy, awareness of others and motivational ambivalence. Motivation and Emotion , 34(2), 110–119. doi:10.1007/s11031-010-9161-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oceja, L. , Ambrona, T. , López-Pérez, B. , Stocks, E. , & Carrera, P. (2017). Local versus global perceptual scope, empathic concern, and helping preferences in multiple-victim situations. The Spanish Journal of Psychology , 20, E25. doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oceja, L. V. , Heerdink, M. W. , Stocks, E. L. , Ambrona, T. , López-Pérez, B. , & Salgado, S. (2014). Empathy, awareness of others, and action: How feeling empathy for one-among-other motivates helping the others. Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 36, 111–124. doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.856787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliva, A. , & Schyns, P. G. (1997). Coarse blobs or fine edges? Evidence that information diagnosticity changes the perception of complex visual stimuli. Cognitive Psychology , 34, 72–107. doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringelmann, M. (1913). Recherches sur les moteurs animés: Travail de l‘homme” [Research on animate sources of power: The work of man]. In Annales de l‘Institut National Agronomique ( 2nd series. Vol. 12, pp. 1–40).
   Google Scholar
• Rutchick, A. M. , Hamilton, D. L. , & Sack, J. D. (2008). Antecedents of entitativity in categorically and dynamically construed groups. European Journal of Social Psychology , 38, 905–921. doi:10.1002/ejsp.555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slovic, P. (2007). If I look at the mass I will never act: Psychic numbing and genocide. Judgment and Decision Making , 2, 79–95. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8647-1_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slovic, P. , Finucane, M. L. , Peters, E. , & MacGregor, D. G. (2002). The affect heuristic. In T. Gilovich , D. Griffin , & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 397–420). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stocks, E. L. , Lishner, D. A. , & Decker, S. K. (2009). Altruism or psychological escape: Why does empathy promote prosocial behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology , 39, 649–665. doi:10.1002/ejsp.561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vecchi, T. , Monticellai, M. L. , & Cornoldi, C. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory: Structures and variables affecting a capacity measure. Neuropsychologia , 33, 1549–1564. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00080-M
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K. D. (2010). Dyads can be groups (and often are). Small Group Research , 41, 268–274. doi:10.1177/1046496409358619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, N. S. , & Drewery, G. P. (2006). Forming cohesion in culturally heterogeneous teams differences in Japanese, Pacific Islander and Anglo experiences. Cross Cultural Management , 13, 43–53. doi:10.1108/13527600610643475
   Google Scholar