Real-life revenge may not effectively deter norm violations

References

• Balliet, D., Mulder, L. B., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2011). Reward, punishment, and cooperation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 594–615. doi:10.1037/a0023489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Elli, G., & Heyd, D. (1986). Can revenge be just or otherwise justified? Theoria, 52, 68–86. doi:10.1111/j.1755-2567.1986.tb00100.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boon, S. D., Deveau, V. L., & Alibhai, A. M. (2009). Payback: The parameters of revenge in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26, 747–768. doi:10.1177/0265407509347926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, M. D. (1976). Communication and sex effects in a five-person prisoner’s dilemma game. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 273–280. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.33.3.273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsmith, K. M., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2008). The paradoxical consequences of revenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1316–1324. doi:10.1037/a0012165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakrabati, A. (2005). The moral psychology of vengeance. Journal of Human Values, 11, 31–36. doi:10.1177/097168580401100103
   Google Scholar
• Crombag, H., Rassin, E., & Horselenberg, R. (2003). On vengeance. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 9, 333–344. doi:10.1080/1068316031000068647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberger, R., Lynch, P., Aselage, J., & Rohdieck, S. (2004). Who takes the most revenge? Individual differences in negative reciprocity norm endorsement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 787–799. doi:10.1177/0146167204264047
   Google Scholar
• Elshout, M., Nelissen, R. M. A., & Van Beest, I. (2017a). Your act is worse than mine: Perception bias in revenge situations. Aggressive Behavior, 43, 553–557. doi: 10.1002/ab.21713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshout, M., Nelissen, R. M. A., & Van Beest, I. (2015a). A prototype analysis of vengeance. Personal Relationships, 22, 502–523. doi:10.1111/pere.12092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshout, M., Nelissen, R. M. A., & Van Beest, I. (2015b). Vengeance is self-focused: Comparing vengeful to anger-driven responses. Cognition and Emotion, 29, 1239–1255. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.976181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elshout, M., Nelissen, R. M. A., Van Beest, I., Elshout, S., & Van Dijk, W. W. (2017). Situational precursors of revenge: Social exclusion, relationship type, and opportunity. Personal Relationships, 24, 291–305. doi:10.1111/pere.12185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elster, J. (1990). Norms of revenge. Ethics, 100, 862–885. doi:10.1086/293238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415, 137–140. doi:10.1038/415137a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H. (2007). The laws of emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Do victims of injustice punish to improve their mood? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3, 572–580. doi:10.1177/1948550611430552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollwitzer, M., Meder, M., & Schmitt, M. (2011). What gives victims satisfaction when they seek revenge? European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 364–374. doi:10.1002/ejsp.782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter, S., Low, S. M., & Whitesell, N. R. (2003). What have we learned from Columbine: The impact of the self-system on suicidal and violent ideation among adolescents. Journal of School Violence, 2, 3–26. doi:10.1300/J202v02n03_02
   Google Scholar
• Henrich, J., McElreath, R., Barr, A., Ensminger, J., Barrett, C., Bolyanatz, A., … Ziker, J. (2006). Costly punishment across human societies. Science, 312, 1767–1770. doi:10.1126/science.1127333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. H., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Revenge and conflict escalation. Negotiation Journal, 9, 37–43. doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.1993.tb00688.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., Kurzban, R., & Tabak, B. A. (2013). Cognitive systems for revenge and forgiveness. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 1–15. doi:10.1017/S0140525X11002160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. I. (1998). Clint Eastwood and equity: Popular culture’s theory of revenge. In A. Sarat & T. R. Kearns (Eds.), Law in the domains of culture (pp. 161–202). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Otterbein, K. F., & Otterbein, C. S. (1965). An eye fora n eye, a tooth for a tooth: A cross-cultural study of feuding. American Anthropologist, 67, 1470–1482. doi:10.1525/aa.1965.67.6.02a00070
   Google Scholar
• Tenbrunsel, A. E., & Messick, D. M. (1999). Sanctioning systems, decision frames, and cooperation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 684–707. doi:10.2307/2667052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripp, T. M., Bies, R. J., & Aquino, K. (2002). Poetic justice or petty jealousy? The aesthetics of revenge. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 966–984. doi:10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00038-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uniacke, S. (2000). Why is revenge wrong? The Journal of Value Inquiry, 34, 61–69. doi:10.1023/A:1004778229751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagishi, T. (1988). Seriousness of social dilemmas and the provision of a sanctioning system. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51, 32–42. doi:10.2307/2786982
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshimura, S. (2007). Goals and emotional outcomes of revenge activities in interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24, 87–98. doi:10.1177/02654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zdaniuk, A., & Bobocel, D. R. (2012). Vertical individualism and injustice: The self-restorative function of revenge. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 640–651. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar