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Kleio Volume 33, 2001 - Issue 1
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‘Only a liberal of high-sounding words?’ Margaret Ballinger's liberalism and her relationship with South African liberals, 1926–1968

FA Mouton University of South Africa
Pages 45-60 | Published online: 31 Aug 2007

  • Segal , R . 1961 . Political Africa, a who's who of personalities and parties 26 – 26 . London Sunday Times, 15 May 1960; M Ballinger, From union to apartheid: a trek into isolation (Cape Town, 1969), p 37.
  • Macmillan , H . Paralysed conservatives W M Macmillan the social scientists, and the “common society”, 1923–1948 . Conference to mark the centenary of W M Macmillan Institute of Commonwealth Studies . October 4–5 . pp. 1 – 1 . University of London . 8
  • May 1959 . House of Assembly Debates (hereafter Hansard) May , 31, col 7744–7745
  • Davenport , R . 1987 . “ The Cape Liberal tradition to 1910 ” . In Democratic liberalism in South Africa its history and prospect Edited by: Butler , J , Elphick , R and Welsh , D . 21 – 21 . Cape Town 26–27; L. Marquard, Liberalism in South Africa (Johannesburg, 1965), pp 22–23.
  • Alexander , P . 1994 . Alan Paton 383 – 383 . Oxford
  • Forum . 1984 . Liberalism in South Africa . Social Dynamics , 10 ( 1 ) : 89 – 89 .
  • Nov 1950 . The Forum Nov , 10
  • Brookes , E . 1977 . A South African pilgrimage 36 – 36 . Johannesburg
  • Horton , JW . 1972 . South Africa's joint councils: Black-white co-operation between the two world wars . South African Historical Journal , Nov : 35 – 35 . 36, 37
  • Brookes , EH . 1934 . The colour problems of South Africa 13 – 13 . Lovedale
  • Saunders , C . 1988 . The making of the South African past: major historians on race and class 56 – 56 . Cape Town
  • Macmillan , W . 1975 . My South African years 214 – 216 . Cape Town H Macmillan, ‘Paralysed conservatives’, p 19.
  • 1931 . University of the Witwatersrand, Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union (hereafter ICU), File 3, W Ballinger — Holtby, 9 Sept and 23 Sept University of the Witwatersrand, Joint Council Records (hereafter ICR), CJ 2.4.1, JJC Minutes, 17 April 1930 and 10 Aug 1931; Rhodes House, Oxford, London Group on African Affairs (hereafter LGAA), Box 1, File 1, W Ballinger- Livie-Noble, 2 May 1932.
  • ICU . June 1933 . Margaret-Holtby June , File 3, 21, and Margaret — Leys, 17 July 1933.
  • LGAA . Jan 1933 . William — Holtby Jan , Box 1, File 1, 4
  • LGAA . Oct 1932 . Margaret — Holtby Oct , Box 1, File 1, 12
  • 1933 . Hull Central Library, Winifred Holtby collection (hereafter WHC), File 4.12, William — Holtby, 1 March ICU, file 3, Margaret — Holtby, 16 July 1933.
  • Mouton , FA . 1993 . “A rising councillor”: the origins and making of William Ballinger, 1892–1928 . Kleio , XXV : 7994 – 7994 .
  • Aug 1986 . Personal communication with D Haggie Aug , 4, H Jaff, 7 Aug 1986; P Lewsen, 1 Sept 198; C D Wollheim, 14 Aug 1986 and Alan Paton, 22 Aug 1986.
  • WHC . Aug 1933 . Margaret — Leys Aug , file 4. 13, 23, and File 4.12, William — Holtby, 14 Feb 1934.
  • LGAA . Dec 1932 . Margaret — Livie-Noble Dec , Box 1, File 1, 21
  • April 1941 . University of the Witwatersrand, Ballinger Collection (hereafter BC), F2.5, Constitution of the FOA April , 18, Creech Jones Collection, Rhodes House, University of Oxford (hereafter CJC), Box 6, File 1, Minutes of meeting held 27 Sept 1934.
  • Rich , PB . 1984 . White power and the liberal conscience: racial segregation and South African liberalism 43 – 43 . Johannesburg 50
  • BC, F2.6 . October 1936 . William's FOA report October , 1, 31 Dec
  • SAIRR, B3.13 . Jan 1943 . The policy of the SAIRR Jan , 5
  • BC, F2.2 . Aug 1946 . D Buchanan — William Aug , (File 4), 23, William — Buchanan, 27 Aug 1946
  • Paton , A . 1965 . Hofmeyr 303 – 304 . Cape Town
  • Paton . Hofmey 297 – 297 . 304; Ballinger, From union to apartheid, p 9; William Macmillan Collection in the possession of Mrs M Macmillan, Dorchester-on-Thames, Margaret — Macmillan, 12 May 1938.
  • Aug 1986 . Personal communication with H Opperheimer Aug , 26, R M de Villiers, 14 Dec 1986
  • University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Alan Paton Centre, Liberal Party Collection (hereafter LPC), PC 2/2/3, Margaret — P Brown, 26 Jan 1965.
  • Sept 1950 . Sunday Times Sept , 10
  • BC, F3.2 . Nov 1952 . Minutes of JLG meeting Nov , 26
  • May 1953 . LPC, PC 2/2/1/2, O D Wollheim — A Paton May , 2
  • BC, B2.11 . April 1953 . O D Wollheim — Margaret April , (File 1), 10
  • BC, F3.2 . April 1953 . JLG minutes April , 26
  • Dec 1964 . University of Cape Town, Leo Marquard Collection, L Marquard — P Brown Dec , 27, Personal comunication with W Stanford, 17 Dec 1986; O D Wollheim, 16 Dec 1986; J Gibson, 18 Dec 1986
  • LPC, PC 2323 . June 1965 . Margaret — Brown June , 21, P Lewsen, Reverberations (Cape Town, 1996), p 152.
  • Robertson , J . 1971 . Liberalism in South Africa 110 – 111 . Oxford M B Gallinger, ‘Revival of the liberal tradition’, The Forum, June 1953.
  • BC. B2.11 . Nov 1954 . Wollheim — provincial chairmen Nov , (File 2), 26
  • Gell , CWM . 1956 . Liberal Party — a reply . The Forum , Feb
  • BC, B2.11 . Nov 1954 . Wollheim — provincial chairmen Nov , (File 2), 26, LPC microfilm, roll 4, Wollheim — M Friedman, 11 Nov 1954.
  • Vigne , R . “ The demise of the “Cape liberal tradition”: on the founding of the Liberal Party of South Africa ” . In South African Historical Society Biennial Conference, Rhodes University, 2–5 July 1995 14 – 15 .
  • BC, B2.11 . June 1954 . J Boerne — Margaret June , (File 2), 16
  • University of the Witwatersrand, Liberal Party Collection on microfilm (hereafter LPC Microfilm) . May 1954 . Gell — Margaret May , roll 3, 4
  • University of the Witwatersrand, Liberal Party Collection on microfilm (hereafter LPC Microfilm) . July 1954 . CPC minutes July , 27, and 15 Oct 1954
  • Jan 1957 . The Natal Witness Jan , 31, Hansard, 22 Feb 1955, col 1537–1539
  • Paton , A . 1988 . Journey continued 121 – 121 . Cape Town
  • BC, B2.11 . July 1954 . H Pittman — Margaret July , (File 2), 16
  • Everatt , D . “Frankly frightened”: the Liberal Party and the Congress of the People . Paper presented at the Institute for Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University . April 14 1987 . P Brown, ‘The Liberal Party: a chronology with comment’ Liberal Party Workshop: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, (17–19 July 1985), pp. 13–16.
  • July 1955 . LPC microfilm, roll 3, Margaret — Wollheim July , 3
  • Nov 1954 . LPC, PC 2/3/1/1, Paton — J Boerne Nov , 22
  • Dec 1986 . Personal communication with O D Wollheim Dec , 16, LPC microfilm, roll 3, National Committee minutes, 24 Sept 1955.
  • Dec 1956 . LPC, PC 2/11/5/1, P Hjul — Brown Dec , 3
  • June 1955 . LPC microfilm, roll 1, National Executive minutes June , 6, BC, B2.16.2 (File 8), Paton — Margaret, 27 April 1960.
  • Irvine , D . “ The Liberal Party, 1953–1968 ” . In Democratic liberalism in South Africa 123 – 123 . 125
  • LPC microfilm . Feb 1960 . LP Cape Provincial Congress minutes Feb , roll 5, 7, University of Cape Town, Margaret Ballinger Collection, A2.7, Diary 12 Jan 1960.
  • BC B2.11 . March 1960 . Wollheim — Brown March , (File 4), 3, Brown — Margaret, 14 March 1960
  • Ballinger . From union to apartheid 398 – 398 .
  • Dec 1986 . Personal communication with J. Steyler Dec , 30
  • Brown . The Liberal Party 60 – 60 .
  • MBC, D5.13 . March 1965 . E Wentzel — Margaret March , 13, Personal communication with Peter Brown, 11 Sept 1986
  • LPC, PC 2/11/8/2 . June 1965 . Cape Provincial Committee June , 22
  • MBC, D5.73 . “ M Ballinger ” . In The end of the Liberal Party
  • May 1960 . Contact May , 21

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