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Kleio Volume 33, 2001 - Issue 1
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Articles/Artikels

The Kwa-Ndebele independence issue: A critical appraisal of the crises around independence in Kwa-Ndebele 1982–1989

Pages 61-85 | Published online: 31 Aug 2007

  • March 1979 . Die Volksblad March , 16
  • van Warmelo , NJ . 1930 . Transvaal Ndebele texts: ethnological publications Vol. 1 , Petoria
  • van Vuuren , CJ . 1985 . Ndzundza Ndebele en die Mapochsgrotte . South African Journal of Ethnology , 8 : 2 – 2 .
  • Coetzee , JC . 1980 . Die strewe tot etniese konsolidasie en nasionale selfverwesenliking by die Ndebele van Transvaal , Potchefstroom University of Christian Higher Education . D Phil thesis
  • Ritchken , E . 1989 . “ The Kwa-Ndebele struggle against independence ” . In South African Review Vol. 5 , Johannesburg
  • Nielsen , D . March 1996 . “Bringing together that which belongs together”: the establishment of Kwa-Ndebele and the incorporation of Moutse' Seminar paper presented at the University of the Witwatersrand March , 11
  • McCaul , C . 1987 . Satellite in revolt, Kwa-Ndebele: an economic and political profile Johannesburg
  • Transvaal Rural Action Committee (TRAC) . 1988 . “ Kwa-Ndebele: the struggle against independence ” . In Popular struggles in South Africa Edited by: Cobbet , W and Cohen , R . London in
  • Rycroft , A , ed. 1987 . Race and the law in South Africa 29 – 29 . Cape Town
  • van Jaarsveld , FA . 1985 . Die Ndzundza-Ndebele en die blankes in Transvaal 1845–1883 , 246 – 246 . Rhodes University . MA dissertation
  • van Vuuren , CJ . 1983 . Die vestigingspatroon van die Suid-Ndebele , 12 – 13 . University of Pretoria . MA dissertation
  • Kwa Ndebele Monumentekomitee . 1983 . The Ndzundza Ndebele and the Mapoch Caves 34 – 34 . Pretoria
  • Delius , P . 1983 . The land belongs to us: the Pedi polity, the Boers and the British in the nineteenth century Transvaal 24 – 24 . Johannesburg See also P Delius, ‘Abel Erasmus: Power and profit in the eastern Transvaal’, in Beinart et al (eds), Putting a plough to the ground: accumulation and dispossession in rural South Africa 1850–1930 (Johannesburg, 1986), p 178.
  • Delius . The land belongs to us 178 – 178 .
  • For an overview of this so-called ‘Mapoch War’ see van Coller HP Mampoer in die stryd om die Bapedi-troon: die Mapoch-oorlog 1882–1883 Historiese Studies 1942 3 3 4 October–December, p 128
  • Cillie , FS . 1934 . The Mapoch's gronden: an aspect of the poor white question , 3 – 3 . University of Pretoria . MA dissertation
  • Van Vuuren . Ndzundza-Ndebele en die Mapochsgrotte 44 – 44 . See also E A Schneider, Paint, pride and politics: aesthetic and meaning in Transvaal Ndebele wall art (D Phil thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, 1986), p 205 and S N Phatlane, ‘The history of the Ndzundza Ndebele: a focus on the Mapoch Caves 1840–1979’ (BA Hons essay, University of the North, 1988), p 45.
  • Ritchken . The Kwa-Ndebele struggle against independence 431 – 431 .
  • Central Archives Depot (CAD) . Ndzundza Manala National Association 11/9/1919 File No 1016/19/f
  • James , DN . 1987 . Kinship and land in an inter-ethnic rural community , 49 – 49 . University of the Witwatersrand . MA dissertation
  • Ritchken . The Kwa Ndebele struggle against independence 434 – 434 .
  • Van Vuuren . Ndzundza-Ndebele en die Mapochsgrotte 44 – 44 .
  • CAD . Notice no 2143 of 22 November 1968 File 6/1/2/13
  • McCaul . Satellite in revolt 4 – 4 .
  • CAD . Memorandum to Bantu Affairs Commissioner, 5/4/70 File No 11/2/2
  • South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) . Survey of race relations 1973 152 – 152 .
  • McCaul . Satellite in revolt 5 – 5 .
  • CAD . Letter to Commissioner of Bantu Affairs, 27/9/74 File I-12/28, No 1/1/3
  • December 1978 . Post December , 15
  • 1983 . Hansard 21, col 10735
  • September 1981 . Informa September ,
  • February 1981 . The Star February , 25
  • SAIRR . Survey of race relations 1982 433 – 433 .
  • May 1982 . The Sunday Times May , 30
  • TRAC . “ Kwa Ndebele: the struggle against independence ” . In Popular struggles in South Africa Edited by: Cobbett and Cohen . 115 – 116 . in
  • Stultz , NM . 1980 . Transkei's half loaf: race separatism in South Africa 76 – 76 . Cape Town
  • Okeke , CN . 1974 . Controversial subjects of contemporary international law 87 – 87 . Rotterdam
  • January 1986 . The Natal Witness January , 16
  • December 1980 . The Star December , 8
  • May 1981 . Sunday Express May , 31
  • SAIRR . Survey of race relations 1982 396 – 396 .
  • Bureau of market research University of South Africa (BMR) . 1984 . “ Income and expenditure patterns of households in Kwa-Ndebele, 1984 ” . In Research report no. 117 4 – 4 . Pretoria
  • June 1982 . The Star June , 29
  • September 1985 . The Star September , 18
  • BMR . 1984 . Income and expenditure patterns of households in Kwa-Ndebele 14 – 14 .
  • September 1985 . The Star September , 18
  • June 1986 . The Star June , 6
  • Lelyveld , J . 1986 . Move your shadow: South Africa black and white 123 – 123 . Johannesburg
  • April 1986 . Pace April , 24 – 24 . 28, See also The Sowetan, 28 January 1986
  • SAIRR . 1987/88 . Survey of race relations lv – lv .
  • May 1987 . The Sowetan May , 4
  • May 1997 . Interview with P K Mahlangu May , 14
  • May 1986 . Beeld May , 15, The Argus, 15 May 1986.
  • Dugard , J . 1988 . “ The Moutse issue ” . In Kwa-Ndebele — the future? Proceedings of a forum organised by lawyers for human rights and held at the Universitry of Pretoria on 16 May 1988 Edited by: Kruger , G and Rainey , P . 35 – 35 . Pretoria in
  • 1986 . Home sweet home . Financial Mail , 99 ( 11 ) March : 69 – 69 . 14
  • Small , J and Winkler , H . 1992 . Botho sechabeng: a feeling of community, a description of forms of tenure in Transvaal rural communities 24 – 24 . Johannesburg
  • Bothma . July 1983 . Ethnological report on Moutse July , 25
  • RSA . October 1970 . Government gazette October , no 2909, 30
  • March 1986 . Pretoria News March , 10
  • Small and Winkler . Botho sechabeng, a feeling of community 27 – 27 .
  • January 1986 . The Citizen January , 4
  • Small and Winkler . Botho sechabeng: a feeling of community 27 – 27 .
  • Abel , RL . 1995 . Politics by other means: law in the struggle against apartheid, 1980–1994 489 – 489 . New York
  • McCaul . Satellite in revolt 60 – 60 .
  • January 1986 . The Star January , 3
  • Dugard . “ The Moutse issue ” . In Kwa Ndebele — the future? 40 – 40 . in
  • December 1986 . The Weekly Mail December , 11
  • May 1986 . Hansard Vol. 14 , May , 51 – 51 .
  • McCaul . Satellite in revolt 9 – 9 .
  • 1986 . Report on the Venda and Ciskei visits: recommendations to the chief minister
  • May 1997 . The Star May , 15
  • Affidavit by Prince S J Mahlangu 5 – 5 .
  • May 1986 . The Star May , 15
  • May 1986 . The Sowetan May , 15
  • SAIRR . Survey of race relations 1986 682 – 682 .
  • May 1986 . Rapport May , 18
  • Murray , C . 1995 . “ Displaced urbanisation: rural slums ” . In Segregation and apartheid in twentieth century South Africa Edited by: Beinart , W and Dubow , S . 247 – 247 . London in
  • 1986 . Kwa-Ndebele official gazette , August government notice no 9, 12
  • McCaul . Satellite in revolt 93 – 93 .
  • South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) . 1997 . Truth and Reconciliation Commission: special report See S Nuttall and C Coetzee (eds), Negotiating the past: the making of memory in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998), p 46.
  • December 1989 . Insig December ,
  • SAIRR . Survey of race relations 1986 692 – 692 .
  • SAIRR . Survey of race relations 1986 692 – 692 .
  • May 1987 . New Nation May , 21–27
  • May 1997 . Interview with P K Mahlangu May , 14
  • June 1987 . Pretoria News June , 12
  • May 1997 . Interview with P K Mahlangu May , 14
  • Budlender . “ Constitutional issues in Kwa-Ndebele ” . In Kwa-Ndebele: the future? Edited by: Kruger and Rainey . 94 – 94 . in
  • Abel . Politics by other means 447 – 447 .
  • Abel . Politics by other means 479 – 479 .
  • 1988 . Beeld 30 Maart
  • 1988 . Beeld 30 Maart
  • Nielsen . Bringing together that which belongs together 12 – 12 .
  • March 1988 . The Sowetan March , 30
  • Omer-Cooper , JD . 1987 . History of southern Africa 213 – 213 . London
  • de Villiers , N . “ Aspects of the role of the police in Kwa-Ndebele ” . In Kwa-Ndebele: the future? 57 – 57 . in
  • Hysom , N . 1986 . Mabangalala: the rise of right-wing vigilantes in South Africa 121 – 121 . Johannesburg
  • O'Connell , DP . 1965 . International law Vol. 1 , 140 – 140 . London
  • Craig , GA . 1986 . Germany 1865–1945 245 – 245 . Oxford
  • Starke , JG . 1972 . International law 124 – 124 . London

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