- “Caffers” were the servants of the “fiscaal” (prosecutor), “convicts from the East Indies who were thus in effect slaves and who doubled as hangman's assistants” Ross R. Cape of Torments London 1983 33 35
- Beyers , C. 1967 . Die Kaapse Patriotte 166 – 166 . Pretoria
- Beyers 166 – 166 .
- Beyers
- 1780–1782 . M.O.O.C. (Master of the Supreme Court, Section Deceased Estates 1670–1834) 14/51 . Bylae by Boedel Rekeninge , 11 ( 16 )
- G.M. Theal is not very informative either in his History of South Africa before 1795 Cape Town 1964 4 178 178 J.J. Oberholster, Buijtendag's biographer in The standard encyclopaedia of Southern Africa (Cape Town, 1970), pp. 635–4, states simply that he was guilty of maltreating his family.
- May 1771–1779 . C. 655, Dag Register van Stellenbosch en Drakenstein May , 6, 1776
- May 1771–1779 . C. 655, Dag Register van Stellenbosch en Drakenstein May , 6, 1776, “… vyf ingewonne Secretariale Relasen en verklaringen, mitsg negen origineele brieven met een annexi getuigschrift.”
- Giliomee , H. 1981 . “ Processes in development of the Southern African frontier ” . In The frontier in history: North America and Southern Africa compared Edited by: Lamer , H. and Thompson , L. 76 – 119 . Yale See M. Legassick, The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana, and the missionaries, 1780–1840; the politics of a frontier zone (unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, 1969), pp. 1–22, for concept of a frontier zone.
- Giliomee . 79 – 79 .
- Legassick , M. 1979 . “ The northern frontier to 1820: The emergence of the Griqua people ” . In The shaping of South African society, 1652–1820 Edited by: Elphick , R. and Giliomee , H. 247 – 247 . Cape Town in
- Marx , K. 1976 . Capital , Vol. 1 , 875 – 875 . Penguin .
- van der Merwe , P.J. 1937 . Die noordwaartse beweging van die Boere voor die Groot Trek 2 – 2 . The Hague
- See Elphick R. Kraal and castle: Khoikhoi and the founding of white South Africa New Haven and London 1977 for the best analysis of this process
- See Valentyn F. Description of the Cape of Good Hope with the matters concerning it Cape Town 1971 2 41 41
- Valentyn , F. 1971 . Description of the Cape of Good Hope with the matters concerning it Vol. 2 , 41 – 41 . Cape Town
- “abnormal times”, such as the period under consideration which was a time of “primitive accumulation” (“The historical process of divorsing the producer from the means of production” Marx K. Capital Penguin 1976 1 875 875 when the original pastoralists and hunter gatherers were being deprived of their means of subsistence the categories “Khoi” and “San” would become even more blurred.
- Elphick , R. 231 – 234 .
- Schapera , I. 1930 . The Khoisan peoples of South Africa 45 – 45 . London and maps
- Heese , J.A. 1942 . Onderwys in Namakwaland 1750–1940 , 2 – 2 . Universiteit van Stellenbosch . ongepub. D.Ed.-proefskrif
- Scholtz , P.L. 1966 . “ Die historiese ontwikkeling van die Onder-Olifantsrivier 1660–1902 ” . In Archives year book for S.A. history part 2
- Called so by Scholtz 35 35
- See Penn N.G. The frontier in the Western Cape, 1700–1740 (unpub. paper presented at a workshop organized by the Spatial Archaeology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, October 1984).
- see for instance Dahl Gudrun Ecology and equality Pastoral production and society production pastorale et société Cambridge 1979 272 272 in
- de Villiers , C.C. and Pama , C. Geslagsregisters van die ou Kaapse families , 2nd ed. Vol. 1 , 118 – 118 . and Leibbrandt's Precis: Resolutions of policy (L.M. 49), Resol. 21 October 1738 and Resol. 9 Dec. 1738.
- De Villiers and Pama 333 – 333 .
- R.L.R. (Receiver of Land Revenue — Oude wildschut Boek) Vol. 14/1 , 29 – 29 .
- R.L.R. Vol. 14/1 , 167 – 167 .
- De Villiers and Pama Vol. 1 , 118 – 118 .
- J. 197 (Opgaaf rollen — Census rolls) Vol. 1/5 ,
- J. 198
- van der Merwe , P.J. 2 – 7 .
- Botha , C.G. 1926 . Place names in the Cape Province 104 – 107 . Cape Town
- R.L.R. Vol. 16/1 , 39 – 39 .
- R.L.R. Vol. 19/2 , 249 – 249 .
- van der Merwe , P.J. 1945 . Trek: Studies oor die mobiliteit van die pioniersbevolking aan die Kaap 120 – 123 . Cape Town
- M.O.O.C. Vol. 14/51 ,
- See for instance L.M. 49, Resol. 1728 Aug. 10
- R.L.R. Vol. 21/1 , 61 – 61 . and 63
- The shaping of South African society 392 – 392 . defines a veldwagtmeester as a: “free burgher militia officer in rural areas; also responsible for some civil administrative duties in the division to which he was appointed”.
- See Moodie D. The record Cape Town 1960 40 40 part III
- Moodie 35 – 37 . part III
- Moodie 46 – 46 .
- Moodie 41 – 42 .
- Called this by Marais J.S. The Cape Coloured people 1652–1937 London 1939 17 17
- May 1774 . 1/STB 10/166: N. van der Merwe to Landdrost Bergh May , 27, Willem Janse van Rensburg to Bergh, 3 Oct. 1774; I. v.d. Merwe to Bergh, two letters, undated; N. van der Merwe to Bergh, 17 or 27 May 1774; Buijtendag to van Rensburg, 2 Nov. 1774.
- Statement of Captain Jan Abrahams undated, 1/STB 10/166
- J. 207
- M.O.O.C. 14/51
- June 1775 . Statement of Engbert Dijkslag June , 14, 1/STB 3/11
- June 1775 . Statement of Engbert Dijkslag June , 14
- J. 205, 206, 207
- June 1775 . Statement of “Hottentot Kiewit” June , 23, 1/STB 3/11. See Note 25.
- June 1775 . Statement of “Hottentot Kiewit” June , 23, 1/STB 3/11. See Note 25.
- Statements of Kiewit and Dijkslag
- Statements of Kiewit and Dijkslag
- Statements of Kiewit and Dijkslag
- June 1775 . Statement of “Hottentot” Booij June , 23, 1/STB 3/11
- N. van der Merwe to Bergh Jan. 1775 6, 1/STB 10/166
- N. van der Merwe to Bergh Jan. 1775 23, 1/STB 10/166
- N. van der Merwe to Bergh Jan 1775 30, 1/STB 10/166
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15, 1/STB 3/11
- Guelke , L. “ The white settlers, 1652–1780 ” . In The shaping of South African society, 1652–1820 64 – 64 . states that: “The cost of an ‘opstal’ (fixed improvements) in areas suitable for stock farming was usually considerably lower than the cost of an arable freehold farm.
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- June 1775 . Schalk van der Merwe to Bergh June , 8, 1/STB 10/166
- N. van der Merwe to Bergh Oct 1775 29, 1/STB 10/166
- April . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- April 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Claassen April , 15
- May 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Erasmus May , 28, evidence of Carel Hendrik Buijtendag, 13 June 1776, evidence of Johannes Claassen, 25 May 1776, 1/STB 1/11
- May 1776 . Evidence of Johannes Erasmus May , 28
- See note 84. J. du P. Scholtz in his Afrikaans-Hollands in die agtiende Eeu Cape Town 1970 147 148 says the meaning of “Noormans bankji” is obscure
- May 1776 . Evidence of Claassen May , 25, 1/STB 3/11
- April 1776 . Evidence of Aletta Booijsen, wife of Johannes Claassen April , 15, 1/STB 3/11
- May 1776 . Dag Register van Stellenbosch en Drakenstein May , 6, C. 655
- August 1776 . Dag Register van Stellenbosch en Drakenstein August , 5
- R.L.R. 25/1 141 – 141 . and 151, also J. 207
- When Lichtenstein and De Mist visited the Koue Bokkeveld in 1803 they remarked that the colonists they encountered there were far more civilized than the Roggevelders E.C. M. Godee-Molsbergen Reizen in Zuid Afrika in de hollandse tijd The Hague 1916–32 2 187 188
- See for example the case of Jan Otto Dideriks of the Roggeveld who killed his Khoi servant Klynveld by beating him and pulling out his finger nails with a pair of pliers Statement of Hottentot Danser 1763 Nov. 2, statement of Hottentot Coridon, 2 Nov. 1763; statement of slave Jacob van Mallabaar, 24 Nov. 1763, 1/STB 3/11.
- M.O.O.C. 14/51
- M.O.O.C. 14/51
- M.O.O.C. 14/51
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