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Labor History Volume 10, 1969 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

The Wilson administration and the wartime mobilization of black Americans, 1917–18

Jane Lang Scheiber Former Woodrow Wilson Fellow in History, Cornell University,
&
Harry N. Scheiber Professor of History, Dartmouth College,
Pages 433-458 | Published online: 03 Jul 2008

  • Wolgemuth , Kathleen Long . 1958 . “Woodrow Wilson's Appointment Policy and the Negro,” . Journal of Southern History , XXIV ( 4 ) November : 457
  • Link , Arthur S. 1947 . Wilson: The Road to the White House 501ff Princeton
  • Blumenthal , Henry . 1963 . “Woodrow Wilson and the Race Question,” . Journal of Negro History , XLVIII January : 4 – 5 .
  • Link . 1947 . “The Negro as a Factor in the Campaign of 1912,” . XXXII Jan. : 81 – 99 . ibid.
  • 1913 . The New York Times , March 2 (hereafter cited NYT)
  • 1912 . Crisis , V December : 75
  • Link . “Campaign of 1912,” . 87
  • Broderick , Francis L. and Meier , August . 1965 . Negro Protest Thought in the Twentieth Century 25ff New York
  • 1913 . NYT , May 4
  • Wolgemuth . “Woodrow Wilson's Appointment Policy,” . 458ff
  • Wolgemuth . 1959 . “Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation,” . Journal of Negro History , XLIV April : 159 – 173 .
  • Green , Constance McLaughlin . 1967 . The Secret City: A History of Race Relations in the Nation's Capital 171 – 177 . Princeton
  • 1913 . “Democracy and Fair Play,” . The Independent , LXXV Aug. 21 : 426
  • 1913 . New York Evening Post , Nov. 6
  • 1914 . The Nation , XCIX Nov. 19 : 595
  • Link . 1956 . Wilson: The New Freedom 243ff Princeton
  • 1914 . Literary Digest , Nov. 28 : 1,052
  • 1914 . Evening Post , Nov. 18 : 6
  • 1914 . Evening Post , Dec. 1 : 12
  • 1916 . Washington Bee , Aug. 19
  • 1914 . “Segregation in the Departments,” . Harper's Weekly , LIX Dec. 26 : 620 – 21 .
  • Link . 1954 . Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era 66 New York
  • Johnson . 1916 . “The Negro Under Wilson,” . In Republican Campaign Text‐Book,’1916 376ff Washington
  • 1916 . Crisis , XIII Nov. : 4
  • 1916 . Crisis , XII Oct. : 268
  • 1916 . Crisis , XIII Dec. : 59
  • 1917 . NYT , April 7 : 7
  • Scheiber , Harry N. 1960 . The Wilson Administration and Civil Liberties, 1917–1921 Ithaca, N. Y.
  • Peterson , H. C. and Fite , Gilbert C. 1957 . Opponents of War, 1917–1918 Madison
  • Johnson , Donald . 1963 . The Challenge to American Freedoms Lexington, Kentucky
  • Higham , John . 1955 . Strangers in the Land New Brunswick, N. J.
  • Kellogg , Charles Flint . 1967 . N.A.A.C.P.: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Volume One: 1909–1920 248 – 249 . Baltimore
  • 1917 . NYT , April 6 : 11
  • Scott , Emmett J. 1919 . Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War 42 Chicago
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV June : 59
  • Scott . Official History 43
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV Aug. : 165
  • 1917 . NYT , April 13 : 6
  • Thorpe , Earl E. 1961 . The Mini of The Negro 206 Baton Rouge, La.
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV June : 61 – 62 .
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV May : 23
  • Rudwick , Elliot M. 1966 . Race Riot at East St. Louis, July 2, 1917 65 Cleveland
  • Lewis , Roscoe E. 1943 . “The Role of Pressure Groups in Maintaining Morale among Negroes,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 464
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV July : 138
  • 1917 . NYT , July 9 : 7
  • Du Bois , W.E.B. 1940 . Dusk of Dawn 246 New York
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV June : 61 85
  • 1917 . The Tulsa Star , June 22
  • Beaver , Daniel R. 1966 . Newton D. Baker and the American War Effort, 1917–19 224 – 231 . Lincoln
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV May : 23
  • 1916 . Crisis , XII Oct. : 299 – 300 .
  • Beighter , Robert S. 1950 . “The Record of the Negro in the Armed Forces of the United States and the Evolution of Armed Forces Policy in regard to Negro Personnel” . Ohio State University . M.B.A. thesis
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIII April : 270 – 272 .
  • Franklin , John Hope . 1956 . From Slavery to Freedom, , 2nd edition 448 – 449 . New York
  • 1917 . NYT , Aug. 24, Aug. 25
  • Schuler , E. A. 1944 . “The Houston Race Riot, 1917,” . Journal of Negro History , XXIX July : 300 – 338 .
  • 1917 . NYT , Sept. 1
  • 1917 . NYT , Oct. 10
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV June : 61
  • 1917 . Tulsa Star , June 22
  • N.A.A.C.P. 1917 . Annual Report . : 9ff
  • 1917 . NYT , Oct. 10 : 4
  • Garvin , Charles H. 1943 . “The Negro in the Special Services of the U. S. Army,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 335ff
  • Brighter . “Record of the Negro in the Armed Forces,” . 12ff
  • U. S. Committee on Public Information . 1917 . Official Bulletin , Dec. 4
  • 1917 . Crisis , XV Dec. : 61 – 62 .
  • Reddick , L. D. 1949 . “The Negro Policy of the U. S. Army, 1775–1945,” . Journal of Negro History , XXXIV : 20ff
  • Garvin . “Special Services,” . 335ff
  • Haynes , George E. 1922 . The Trend of the Races 113ff New York
  • Coffman , Edward M. 1968 . The War to End Wars 58 – 72 . New York
  • 1948 . Negro Status and Race Relations in the United States, 1911–1946 , Report of the Phelps‐ Stokes Fund 46 New York
  • 1918 . NYT , July 7
  • Miller , Carroll L. 1943 . “The Negro and Volunteer War Agencies,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 438 – 451 .
  • U. S. Labor Department . Negro at Work , 10 – 12 .
  • Scott , Emmett J. 1920 . Negro Migration during the War New York
  • Donald , Henderson H. 1921 . “The Negro Migration of 1916–1918,” . Journal of Negro History , VI Oct. : 383 – 498 .
  • U. S. Labor Dept. Negro at Work , 12 – 13 .
  • Ransom , Leon A. 1943 . “Combatting Discrimination in ... War Industries and Government Agencies,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 407
  • 1918 . Crisis , XV April : 293
  • Scott . Official History 355ff 362 – 364 .
  • Scott . Official History 293 324
  • Aptheker , Herbert , ed. 1964 . A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States vol. II , 848 New York
  • Rudwick , Elliott M. 1958 . “W. E. B. DuBois in the Role of Crisis Editor,” . Journal of Negro History , XLIII July : 227
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIII Jan. : 139
  • Du Bois , W.E.B. 1943 . “The Negro Soldier in Service Abroad during the First World War,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 324 – 334 .
  • Mays , Benjamin E. 1945 . “Veterans—It Need Not Happen Again,” . Phylon , VI : 205 – 206 .
  • Selznick , Philip . 1966 . TV A and the Grass Roots, , reprint edition 217 New York
  • Crisis , XIV 165
  • Crisis , XV 77 editorial
  • Clark . 1943 . “Morale of the Negro on the Home Front,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 423
  • Johnson , Guion G. 1941 . “The Impact of War Upon the Negroes,” . X July : 606 – 607 . ibid.
  • Clement , R. E. 1943 . “Problems of Demobilization and Rehabilitation of the Negro Soldier,” . XII Summer : 536 – 537 . ibid.
  • Spero , Sterling D. and Harris , Abram L. 1968 . The Black Worker, , reprint edition 295 – 305 . New York
  • Hines , Walker D. 1928 . War History of American Railroads 169 New Haven
  • Brazeal , Brailsford R. 1946 . The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 6 – 20 . New York
  • 1918 . Crisis , XV Feb. : 164
  • Ransom . “Combatting Discrimination,” . 408 – 409 .
  • 1917 . Crisis , XIV July : 114
  • Terrell , Mary Church . 1940 . A Colored Woman in a White World 252 – 255 . Washington
  • Roberts , Thomas N. 1943 . “The Negro in Government War Agencies,” . Journal of Negro Education , XII Summer : 372
  • Rudwick . “Du Bois as Crisis Editor,” . 226
  • 1918 . Crisis , XVI May : 7
  • Wesley , Charles H. 1944 . “The Negro Citizen in Our Wars for Freedom,” . Negro History Bulletin , VII Jan. : 84 93
  • Jones , Lester M. 1944 . “The Editorial Policy of the Negro Newspapers of 1917–1918,” . Journal of Negro History , XXIX Jan. : 24 – 25 .
  • Grimshaw , Allan D. 1959 . “Lawlessness and Violence in America . . .,” . Journal of Negro History , XLIV Jan. : 52 – 72 .
  • Johnson , James Weldon . 1933 . Along This Way 324 New York
  • Baker , Ray S. 1927–1939 . Woodrow) Wilson: Life and Letters Vol. VIII , 218 New York
  • 1918 . Crisis , XVI June : 71
  • 1918 . NYT , Dec. 15
  • Scheiber . Wilson Administration 50 – 51 .
  • 1918 . NYT , July 27
  • Johnson . Along This Way 323 – 324 .
  • Du Bois . Dusk of Dawn 263 – 264 .
  • Waskow , Arthur I. 1966 . From Race Riot to Sit‐In, 1919 and the 1960s New York
  • 1919 . Crisis , XVIII May : 13 – 14 .
  • Haynes . 1918–20 . “Effect of War Conditions on Negro Labor,” . Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science , VIII : 308 – 310 .
  • Kerlin , Robert T. 1920 . The Voice of the Negro, 1919 11 23 New York
  • . “Investigation Activities of the Department of Justice,” . 66th Cong., 1st Sess., Sen. Doc . Vol. XII , May 19‐Nov. 19 , pp. 162 187
  • 1933 . Pittsburgh Courier , Oct. 7

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