- Kennedy , David M. 1980 . Over Here: The First World War and American Society 136 – 137 . New York 143
- Cuff , Robert D. 1969 . Bernard Baruch: Symbol and Myth in Industrial Mobilization . Business History Review , 43 : 115 – 133 . Cuff, The War Industries Board: Business-Government Relations during World War I (Baltimore and London, 1973), esp. chapts. 3 & 6; Cuff, “Herbert Hoover, the Ideology of Voluntarism and War Organization during the Great War,” Journal of American History, 64 (1977), 358–372.
- Cuff uses the phrase “liberal vanguard” to describe Hoover and other central administrators who, during the war, struggled against right-wing politicians and businessmen in order to develop some minimal degree of central control over the economy. This group had adopted an intellectual position not dissimilar to that of Croly Herbert The Promise of American Life 1909 “Their task, like Croly's, was not so much to restrain a dynamic left as to convince private corporate and technical elites to scuttle the tenets of “laissez faire” on behalf of minimal institutional change.” (Cuff, “Herbert Hoover, the Ideology of Voluntarism …,” 364).
- Cotton , D.R. Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau (1 page typescript) in “Report submitted to Minnesota War Records Commission, Historical Building, St. Paul, Minn., of the War Activities of D.R. Cotton, 1917–1918” (15 pp. typescript), 11. St. Paul, Minnesota Historical Society, Donald Reed Cotton Papers, P617, Box 3.
- Hall , W.E. September 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary September , 6 (3 pp.) 2. NA, RG 174, Dept. of Labor: Chief Clerk's File, Box 132, File 129/14(I).
- See for example George Wharton Pepper's statement at the National Defense Conference called in Washington in early May: National Defense Conference held under the Auspices of the Council of National Defense, Washington, D.C., May 2d and 3d, 1917: Transcript of Proceedings 241 250 (mimeo: 264 pp. pagination added)
- See for example George Wharton Pepper's statement at the National Defense Conference called in Washington in early May: National Defense Conference held under the Auspices of the Council of National Defense, Washington, D.C., May 2d and 3d, 1917: Transcript of Proceedings 241 250 (mimeo: 264 pp. pagination added)
- See U.S., Dept. of Labor, U.S. Employment Service Report of Proceedings of the National War Labor Conference Report of Proceedings of the National War Labor Conference Washington Report of Proceedings of the National War Labor Conference Washington June 13–14 1918 Washington, DC 1918 15 15 [Speech of J.B. Densmore].
- Litchfield , I.W. 1919 . United States Employment Service and Demobilization . USES Bulletin , Jan. : 3 – 3 . 31
- June 1917 . LF. Post to Secretary Wilson June , (memo) 14 NA, RG 174, Dept. of Labor: Chief Clerk's File, Box 132, File 129/14 (I).
- Lombardi , John . 1942 . Labor's Voice in the Cabinet: A History of the Department of Labor from its Origins to 1921 New York repeats this error.
- W.E. Hall to C.A. Munroe, USPSR — Letters, etc. — December, 1917 1917 Dec. 28 Illinois State Archives, Public Service Reserve, File:
- Hall , W.E. Sept. 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary Sept. , 2 – 3 . 6 (3 pp.) NA, RG 174, Dept. of Labor: Chief Clerk's File, Box 132, File 129/14(I).
- 1917 . Adult Male Volunteers to be Mobilized for Service . U.S. Official Bulletin , I ( 54 ) July : 3 – 3 . 13
- Hall , W.E. Sept. 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary Sept. , 3 – 3 . Director PSR 6
- Hall , W.E. Sept. 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary Sept. , 6 [Re USPSR]. 1.
- For an example of Reserve publicity emphasizing the themes of voluntarism and nationalism see Dept. of Labor United States Public Service Reserve: What It Is, Why You Should Join It (n.d.; 4 pp.pamphlet), Copy found in Woodrow Wilson Papers, Series 4: Executive Office File, 1913–21, Case file 19-E (Microfilm reel no. 172).
- For a copy of the questionnaire see Woodrow Wilson Papers Series 4: Executive Office File, 1913–21, Case File 19-E (Microfilm reel no. 172)
- See Litchfield How Public Service Reserve has grown … USES Bulletin July 1918 12 12 16 See also Hall's speech, Report of Proceedings of National War Labor Conference …, 16.
- 1918 . USES Bulletin , I ( 10 ) April : 5 – 5 . 2
- W.B. Wilson to President Woodrow Wilson, Jan. 1918 7 Series 4: Executive Office File, 1913–21, Case file 19-E (Microfilm reel no. 172).
- Post , Louis F. 1918 . How the U.S. Department of Labor is Helping to Win the War . Industrial Management , 55 Jan. : 7 – 7 .
- 1919 . Sixth Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor, October 31, 1918 , House Doc. No 1449 212 – 212 . Washington, DC 65th Cong., 3rd Sess. See also USES Bulletin, Vol. I, No. 16 (May 14, 1918), 3.
- Hall , W.E. 1918 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary (Sept. 6, 1917) . USES Bulletin , I ( 2 ) Feb. : 4 – 4 . 1. See also 4
- Proceedings of National War Labor Conference … 19 – 19 . (Hall)
- Hall , W.E. Sept. 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the assistant Secretary Sept. , 1 – 1 . 6
- Jenison , Marguerite Edith . 1923 . The War-time Organization of Illinois , 276 – 277 . Illinois State Historical Library . chapt. 7 Vol 5 of Illinois in the World War edited by T.C. Pease.
- C.A. Munroe, Illinois state director, PSR, to W.E. Hall, April 1918 2
- See Memoranda submitted by Department of Labor Sundry Civil Bill, 1919. Hearings before subcommittee in charge of bill, 1919 1919 1587 1612 U.S. Congress, House Appropriations Committee 65 Cong., 2 Sess. 1610.
- Hall . Nov. 1917 . Memorandum for the Secretary through the Assistant Secretary Nov. , 9 NA, RG 174. Dept of Labor Records: Chief Clerk's File. Box 132, File 129/14 (I).
- 1918 . USES Bulletin , Jan. : 4 – 4 . 28
- See Hall W.E. Holcomb Marcus H. CSA 1918 Jan. 18 Hartford. RG 30. Council of Defense Records. Box 128. Miscellaneous Correspondence. File: “U.S. Public Service Reserve.”
- 1918 . USES Bulletin , I ( 10 ) April : 5 – 5 . 2
- W.E. Hall to Marcus H. Holcomb, CSA 1918 Jan. 18 Hartford. RG 30. Council of Defense Records. Box 128. Miscellaneous Correspondence. File: “U.S. Public Service Reserve.”
- 1918 . USES Bulletin , I ( 2 ) Feb. : 3 – 3 . 4
- W.B. Wilson to President Wilson, Woodrow Wilson Papers 1918 Jan. 7 Series 4: Executive Office File, 1913–21, Case File 19-E (Microfilm reel no. 172).
- Lombardi . 174 – 175 .
- Cuff , Robert D. 1980 . The Politics of Labor Administration during World War I . Labor History , 21 esp. 553–557.
- On the poor reputation and clientele of the early state and federally funded employment offices see Lescohier Don D. The Labor Market New York 1919 168 168 (fn 1), 193–194; William J. Breen, “The Labor Market, the Reform Impetus, and the Great War: The Reorganization of the State-City Employment Exchanges in Ohio 1914–1918,” Labor History, 29 (1988), 475–497.
- See Breen William J. Administrative Politics and Labor Policy in the First World War: The U.S. Employment Service and the Seattle Labor Market Experiment Business History Review 1987 61 582 605
- See Minutes of Conference in re United States Employment Service and the United States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation 2 2 NA, RG 174, Department of Labor Records, Chief Clerk's File, Box 133, File 129/14C.
- Statement of Mr. C.T. Clayton, USSB-EFC . Report of the Shipyard Employment Managers' Conference held under the auspices of the Industrial Service Department of the Division of Construction, Emergency Fleet Corporation . November 9 and 10 1917 , Washington, D.C.. pp. 23 – 23 . Washington, DC
- See 9 pp. memo, unheaded, from Clayton attached to: Clayton to R.V. Stevens, USSB NA, RG 32, USSB: Construction Organization: Industrial Relations Division: General Records, Box 70, File 53814-2, Pt. 1 (“Labor — Available Supply”) 1918 November 6 6 2 [marked COPY].
- See text of Hurley's speech in The New York Times 1918 Jan. 6 6 15
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I Feb. : 1 – 1 . 4 4.
- See Breen Administrative Politics and Labor Policy … 582 605
- Allen , F.L. The Council of Defense System: A History submitted to the Director of the Council of National Defense, May 5, 1919 135 – 136 . (392 pp. + index) NA (Suitland), RG 62, CND. Files and Records Division (Post-War), 17-B.l., Box 1053.
- Orr , W.A. Memorandum re Washington Trip 2 – 2 . n.d. New York State Archives, Albany, NY, New York State Defense Council Records, Box 16.
- See report of Charles A. Munroe, Chairman, Public Service Reserve Committee, in Final Report of the State Council of Defense of Illinois, 1917–1918–1919 1919 246 246 Appendix XX
- Allen . The Council of Defense System … 136 – 136 .
- S. Insull to E.N. Hurley, NA, RG 32, USSB: Construction Organization: Subject Classified General Files, 1917–1920, Box 146, File 10091, pt 1. (2 pp.) 1918 Jan. 22
- Report of Hall's speech at National War Labor Conference in: USES Bulletin June 1918 I 21 11 11 18 See also: Proceedings of National War Labor Conference, 18. (Report of Hall's speech.)
- See for example Leiserson William M. Organizing the Labor Market for the War and After the War (an address delivered before the Ohio Academy of Social Sciences, Columbus, Mar. 29, 1918), (16 pp. typescript), 4–5.
- Milward Adams to Charles A. Munroe, Illinois State Archives. State Council of Defense Papers, Public Service Reserve, File “May, 1918.” 1918 May 13
- Munroe , Charles A. June 1918 . Illinois State Archives. U.S. Public Service Reserve: Correspondence and Organizational Papers June , Illinois State Director, PSR, to Elmer C. Hole 1 File: “USPSR — Letters, etc. - June, 1918” See also “Final Report of Public Service Reserve (Ship Builders),” in Final Report of the State Council of Defense of Illinois, 1917–1918–1919, Appendix XX, 246.
- Extract of letter from unnamed District Production Officer in Chicago [Charles A. Munroe?] included in Blackman William Report of Division of Labor for week ending May 4, 1918 (May 4, 1918) 3 3 NA, RG 32, USSB: Construction Organization: Industrial Relations Division: General Correspondence of Labor Section [Tray 7].
- F.E. Foster, Asst. Secr., N.Y. State Council of Defense, to Sayer H.D. New York State Archives, Albany. N.Y. State Defense Council Records State Department, Commissions, etc. 1918 April 5 Box 4, File “Industrial Commission.”
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I Mar. : 2 – 2 . 4
- Buskirk , Hays H. 1919 . United States Public Service Reserve and the United States Employment Service 2 – 2 . Director of U.S. Public Service Reserve, Indiana, comp. 14 pp. typescript Indianapolis, Indiana State Archives, Indiana State Council of Defense Papers, Series 14 (Labor).
- Hays H. Buskirk to C.A. Munroe Illinois State Archives. State Council of Defense Papers Public Service Reserve 1918 June 4 File: “June 1918.”
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I Mar. : 1 – 1 . 25 3.
- Buskirk . 2 – 2 . Indiana State Archives. RG. 10.
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I April : 5 – 5 . 2 (“Manufacturers with War Contracts can be helped by Public Service Reserve”).
- 1919 . Sixth Annual Report of the Secretary of Labor, October 31, 1918 212 – 212 . Washington, DC U.S. Cong. Docs., 65 Cong, 3 Sess House Doc No 1449
- A. Filene to F. Frankfurter May 1918 21
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I April : 5 – 5 . 2 (“Manufacturers with War Contracts can be helped by Public Service Reserve”).
- Hall , W.E. Memorandum for the Assistant Secretary Through the Director General U.S. Employment Service (June 11, 1918) 1 – 1 . (5 pp.) NA, RG 174, Dept. of Labor, Chief Clerk's File, Box 133, File 129/14E.
- Proceedings of National War Labor Conference … 17 (Hall).
- USES . 1918 . Bulletin , I Aug. : 2 – 2 . 13
Labor History
Volume 32, 1991 - Issue 2