References
- 1924 . M.M. 147 April
- 1875 . E.g. de Bouillé, Les Drapeaux Français; The Flags of the World, F. E. Hulme; Die Flagge, V. Admiral Siegel, 1912; Flags of the World, W. J. Gordon, 1915
- 1925 . Revue Maritime 472 “Les Pavillons de 1790,” Paris, April
- 1928 . Le Yacht “Le Pavillon National,” by Commt. J. Vivielle, Paris, February 25th
- Liséré in the original
- Battant the usual word. At this period Queue is also used, especially for a pendant
- La plus près du cordage (ou draille) sur lequel…. This rather obscure point is mentioned below
- celui qui a la police de la rade….
- à son envergure…. See below
- 1793 . Queue. This word is also used for the fly of a rectangular flag. See the Règlement of January 3rd
- Guidon. When this is hoisted en pavilion, the canvas breech would be vertical; when hoisted en flamme—horizontal; because then, like a pendant, it would hang from a small stick
- Capitaine de Vaisseau.
- Maître-bau.
- En flamme.
- British Flags The largest Union Flag is now 27 ft. fly and 13½ ft. hoist (W. G. Perrin)
- For the discovery of this detail, I am particularly indebted to Mr G. C. E. Crone
- 1924 . M.M. 147 April, p. Reo. Marit. April 1925, p. 472
- Musée de la Marine, Louvre, Catalogue, No. 847
- This presumably includes the seams, for it will be seen below that the 18 in. breadth is referred to as if the cloth were of 19 in., to allow for turning in
- 1847 . Dictionnaire de la Marine à Voiles et à Vapeur, 1
- Catalogue No. 2126
- The seams are shown in this copy as dotted lines. Probably, however, this has no bearing at all on the “toile-étamine” question, being only a vagary of the copyist
- It will be remembered that, early in the eighteenth century, there were two coeval white ensigns in the Royal Navy
- It is to Capt. Chack's kindness also that we owe the authorisation to print a translation of it here
- étamine. The word used here for the coloured material being the usual
- The Guindant or hoist, being of 120 scale-units (see below) and the coloured border being of 3 units, this 9 in. border gives us a flag 30 ft. (Fr.) in the hoist, by 45 ft. in the fly
- Note d'Instruction (that already reproduced above)
- An ensign could, therefore, presumably, be transformed rapidly into a jack. See closing paragraphs of this article, anent command-flags
- The word is envergure the pendant—like the 2nd class Guidon—being hung from a short yard or stick—see above
- That is—in the direction of the fly
- The somewhat sketchy character of the smaller diagrams in the engraving does not make this apparent
- See Note 2
- In the direction, that is, of the fly
- About 17 square units white to 18 of red, or blue (in the ensign)
- In the French Navy the ensigns did not usually reflect the squadronal colours, as in the British Navy. Consequently the use of coloured pendants, or broad- pendants, was the more desirable
- 1793 . Up to 1784, and perhaps later, the van colours were still white and blue, and the reference in the Decree to this part of the question is not clear. The arrangement now made was confirmed by a Règlement of January 3rd
- Etudes sur l'Histoire Maritime.
- 1794 . The “13th Prairial,” or June 1st
- See the engravings by Cleverly. The witness, cited by Loir, may have confused this jack with the new tricolour