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ARTICLES

SIR JACOB ACWORTH AND EXPERIMENTAL SHIP DESIGN DURING THE PERIOD OF THE ESTABLISHMENTS

Pages 149-160 | Published online: 22 Mar 2013

References

  • 2002 . I thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. This article is in part based on an unpublished PhD thesis, J.P. Hemingway, ‘The work of the Surveyors of the Navy during the period of the Establishments: a comparative study of naval architecture, 1672 and 1775’, University of Bristol,. Acworth was Surveyor to the Navy from Apr 1715 to 16 Mar 1749, the last three years being held in partnership with Joseph Allin as joint surveyor
  • 1801 . A History of Naval Architecture London The National Archives of England and Wales, Kew (hereafter NA), NA ADM 1/578, 18 Jun 1744: Vernon to the Secretary of the Admiralty. Historians who have expressed criticism of the ships of the period, the design process and the Surveyor in particular, include, J. Charnock, R.G. Albion, Forests and Sea-power. The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652–1862 (Cambridge MA 1926); and B. Lavery, the ship of the Line, 2 vols, (London, 1983). A valuable recent synthesis of the history of naval architecture, which critically evaluates the reasons for its development and application is L.D. Ferreiro, Ships and science. The Birth of Naval architecture in the scientific revolution, 1600–1800 (Cambridge MA 2006)
  • Cobbett , W. 1812 . The Parliamentary History of England XIII 703 (hereafter Parliamentary History)
  • 1689 . NA ADM 2/3, f.282, 24 Sep
  • Knight , C. 1932 . Mariner's Mirror , 18 ‘The Carpenter Master Shipwrights’,:4 416
  • 1690 . NA ADM 2/6, f.216, 30 Jul
  • 1693 . National Maritime Museum, Greenwich (hereafter NMM), NMM ADM A/1797, 13 Jul
  • 27 Dec 1698 . 27 Dec , NMM ADM A/1860
  • Knight . ‘Carpenter Master Shipwrights’ 416
  • Ibid. 416
  • 1708 . NMM ADM A/1965, f.3588, 14 Sep
  • 1708 . NMM ADM A/1965, f.306, 22 Sep. The note in parenthesis was added as an afterthought in order to make the capitulation less total
  • Knight . ‘Carpenter Master Shipwrights’
  • 1978 . Navy Board officials 1660–1832 London Order in Council C/66/3510 from J. Collinge, 81
  • 8 Aug 1715 . House of Lords Journal 8 Aug , XX, James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde (1665–1745) was impeached on six articles relating to High Treason and other High Crimes and Misdemeanours. These charges resulted from events during Ormonde's command of the Army in the United Provinces in 1712, where inter alia he was accused of passing information on troop deployments to the French. Ormonde fled to France
  • Roberts , D. 1992 . Eighteenth Century Shipbuilding: Remarks on the Navies of the English & the Dutch by Blaise ollivier (1737) Rotherfield trans. and ed. 139 (hereafter Remarks)
  • 12 May 1685 . 12 May , Bodleian Library, Oxford, Rawlinson MS, A/464
  • 14 Oct 1715 . 14 Oct , NA ADM 106/3551
  • 1737 . NA ADM 49/132, f.233. They appear not to have been universally adopted as Ollivier criticized British shipwrights for not using them during his visit to the dockyards in
  • 1716 . NA ADM 3/30, May. There is a model in the possession of the NMM showing the disposition of cant frames and other alterations that was probably made for Acworth's presentation
  • 4 Jun 1716 . 4 Jun , NA ADM 106/3551
  • Lavery . The Ship of the Line 7 2
  • 12 Jun 1716 . 12 Jun , British Library, BL Add. MS 9328
  • Collinge . 1729 . Navy Board Officials 30. The post of Assistant Surveyor that had been created in 1689 was not filled in peacetime until when W. Mills was appointed at a salary of £300
  • 1965 . British naval administration in the age of Walpole New Jersey In a letter to his Father dated Mar 1747, Jack Russell wrote that the rest of the (Navy) Board were ‘determined to be led by the nose by a brute of a shipwright’. Russell was a snobbish parvenu who made similar remarks about the sea officers with whom he was forced to associate: quoted in D. Baugh, 48
  • 1715 . British Naval Administration Allin was related through marriage to the Pelhams of Wickham and may have been a descendant of the Royalist Admiral Sir Thomas Allin. His father had been Master Shipwright at Deptford until dismissed in in a manner that suggests political overtones. A talented if somewhat indolent shipwright, he enjoyed the patronage of Anson, was made joint Surveyor in 1746 and succeeded Acworth on the latter's death. See NMM ADM A/2054, Feb 1716, a petition from Joseph Allin regarding his dismissal; Baugh, 304; Knight, ‘Carpenter Master Shipwrights’, 416
  • 21 Dec 1739 . 21 Dec , NA ADM 91/2
  • 1677 . Forests and Sea Power For example, see Albion 80. It was not the first Establishment to lay down the size of scantlings as is generally believed; that of had done so although it only applied to ships of the first three rates
  • Lavery , B. The Ship of the Line 78 1
  • Baugh . British Naval Administration 457
  • Chapelle , H. 1967 . The Search for Speed under Sail, 1700–1855 New York 79
  • Remarks 181
  • 1748 . Remarks 26. Described by Maurepas as ‘a man of superior genius’, Geslain designed and built the Magnanime (74), which was taken into the navy in and which was described as ‘a crack ship’
  • Remarks 29
  • 1729 . An English translation of the original Latin text was not made until
  • Remarks 183. The model was of course three-dimensional and took no account of surface wave making. It has since been successfully used to create the bows of nuclear submarines
  • Chapelle . The Search for Speed under Sail 79
  • 18 Apr 1732 . 18 Apr , NA ADM 3/40
  • 1997 . From information kindly supplied by Robert Gardiner in an unpublished talk given to the Anson Society
  • 16 Nov 1742 . 16 Nov , For example, NA ADM 1/381, Admiral Mathews to Admiralty
  • Cobbett . Parliamentary History XIII, 703
  • 1738 . NA ADM, 91/2, 4 Jul
  • 21 Jun 1743 . 21 Jun , NA ADM 91/2
  • 1736 . NMM ADM A/2255, Jan
  • 9 Jan 1740 . 9 Jan , NA ADM 91/2
  • NA ADM 95/25, ff. 40 and 50
  • 8 Aug 1738 . 8 Aug , NA ADM 91/2
  • Williams , G. 1974 . A Voyage round the World by George Anson London 272
  • Remarks 184
  • 16 Nov 1742 . 16 Nov , For example: Vernon, NMM ADM B/117, 3 Mar 1742; Mathews, NA ADM 1/381
  • 14 Dec 1739 . 14 Dec , NA ADM 91/2
  • 1736 . Eltham This was Lord Augustus Fitzroy (1716–41), third son of the second duke of Grafton, the Lord Chamberlain, and a great- grandson of Charles II through Barbara Villiers. He was a frequent correspondent with Sir Jacob and assumed command of thein at just twenty years of age. He survived the great gale of that year, bringing her safely into Margate but died of fever in the West Indies in 1741 while in command of the orford (70) as part of Vernon's fleet
  • 25 Mar 1743 . 25 Mar , NA ADM 7/340
  • 3 Mar 1742 . 3 Mar , For example, NA ADM 1/796, 17 Jan 1735; NA ADM 91/2, 4 Aug 1739; NMM ADM B/117,. These all referred to additions to the rig and accommodation of 80- gun ships
  • Baugh . British naval Administration 48
  • 16 Dec 1745 . 16 Dec , NA ADM 3/52
  • 15 May 1747 . 15 May , NA ADM 106/2183
  • 1986 . The Wooden World London N.A.M. Rodger 233
  • Winnington , Thomas . 1741 . (1696–1746) was a leading spokesman in Walpole's government. He was a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty from 1730 to 1736 and of the Treasury from 1736 to
  • Cobbett . Parliamentary History 703
  • 1749 . NA ADM 7/812, Mar

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