References
- Bateson , C. 1969 . The Convict Ships 1787–1868 2nd ed., (Glasgow,. See, also, R. Hughes, The Fatal Shore: A History of the Transportation of Convicts to Australia, 1787–1868 (London, 1988)
- 2009 . “ 5 ” . In Franklin: Tragic Hero of Polar Navigation London For Sir John Franklin's term of office, see A. Lambert, (chapter
- Bateson . Convict Ships 144 – 6 . . Death rates in the Third fleet ranged from one in seven to one in every 32 convicts embarked
- Ibid. 148 – 50 . , Eleven men were dead, nine from gunshot wounds
- 12 December 1834 . The George the Third 12 December , The National Archives of England and wales, Kew, (hereafter NA), NA HO 11/9, f 487. sailed for Van Diemen's Land on. See also Bateson, Convict Ships, 389, 392
- Convict Ships , 92 Bateson, 28
- 1843 . Return of Hired Convict Ships and Transports that have Foundered at Sea British Parliamentary Papers (hereafter BPP), (166) HI, 427, or not been heard of [again], 1816–43
- Convict Ships Bateson, 266. Bateson cites another inquiry held in hobart after the transport Southworth arrived in October 1830. However, the evidence before it seems to have concentrated on punishments on board. See Archives Office of Tasmania, Reference CSO1–1-478–10651
- when the Navy Board was abolished in 1826, the reorganization of the Admiralty placed responsibility for transportation under the comptroller of Victualling and Transport Services
- 1799 . Convict Ships Bateson, 88–9. classes for ships chartered were introduced by the Shipowners' Red Book of. Thames-built ships constructed of oak were classed A1 and the designation E1 was used to specify second-class ships which were older but well-found and generally seaworthy. See also 362–3. Once Lloyd's Register of Shipping was established in 1834, the hiring of convict transports was restricted to the categories A1 for first-class ships and Æ1 for older vessels. Vessels in categories E and I were never chartered. Ships' rigs were somewhat loosely differentiated. Did carrying a square topsail on the mizen make a barque a full-rigged ship?
- 1835 . Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1835 London See
- 1829 . Layton It was the master's second voyage. He was the John W. Hurst who took the an E1 transport of 440 tons built at Lancaster, from London to New South Wales in
- 13 September 1822 . Navy List 13 September , william Donnelly dated his seniority on the from. He was distinguished by having been awarded Sir Gilbert Blane's medal for his medical journal. See Navy List, 1834, 125. He graduated MD from Edinburgh in 1826, in which year his thesis was published in Edinburgh. He also published ‘Facts and observations regarding the treatment of venereal diseases’ in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, vol. 35, no. 106 (Jan 1831). See The British Medical Directory, 1853 (London, 1853), 257, and the catalogue of the Wellcome Collection, London
- 1834 . Instructions for Surgeons Superintendent on board Convict Ships proceeding to New South Wales or Van Diemen's Land BPP, (81) XLVII, 91, dated 23 Jun 1832, Admiralty, Paragraph I. By 1840, the Surgeon's duties had been revised and published as Instructions for Surgeons-Superintendent on board Convict Ships, (London, 1840)
- 1832 . Instructions para. XXIX
- 1840 . Ibid. Returns were required showing standards of literacy. See also Instructions para. 30–2
- Preserved potato seems to have been universally disliked. It appears to have been made by applying calcium oxide (quicklime)—a dangerous chemical in contact with humans—to raw potatoes
- 1832 . Instructions para. XXXVI. The second, more concise, log is the one which has survived in ADM 101/25/8
- 16 August 1833 . Marquis Cornwallis 16 August , NA ADM 101/25/8. William Donnelly's Log, 13 March to. It was also common practice to build a ‘barricado’ at the forward end of the quarter deck to facilitate the defence of the after part of the ship against mutiny by the convicts. See Bateson, 147–51. In 1795–6, the mutiny on the failed but in 1797 the Lady Shore was taken and sailed to South America by the mutineers
- 1925 . The History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers London The surgeon's log described the escort as supplied mainly from the 21st Regiment, The Royal Scots Fusiliers, then based at Chatham after spending 1828–31 on ‘policing’ Ireland. The lieutenant and one other rank came from the 3rd Foot (East Surreys or The Buffs) and the captain and one man from the 44th Foot (Essex Regiment). See NA WO 25/3503 Embarkation Returns, 1815–38 which identified one sergeant and 26 rank-and-file with five women detached from the Royal Scots Fusiliers. The normal ratio of women was six per 100 men for infantry regiments but latitude occurred in some cases, particularly for distant postings, and smuggling of women on board was not uncommon. Children were not mentioned as they did not count on the rations. J. Buchan, 190–1, largely ignores the regiment's period as detachments in the Antipodes, including the appointment of Captain Charles O'Hara Booth to command the Port Arthur Penal Settlement from 1833 to 1844. See Hughes, The Fatal Shore, 402
- 1834 . Convicts Two Reports of John Henry Capper Esq., Superintendent of Ships and Vessels employed for the Confinement of Offenders under Sentence of Transportation BPP, (49) XLVII, 15, Report No.2, 6
- Emperor Alexander's See NA HO 11/9 f 19 et seq. for the convicts
- 2000 . Journal of Family History , : 1 NA ADM 101/25/8. Since William Donnelly recorded in his surgeon's log ‘one parturition’ on 5 April, off Sheerness, to Mrs McCulloch, a soldier's wife, the actual number should have been 286. The child, appropriately named Alexander, survived until 1916. He was the author's maternal great-grandfather. See D.J. Oddy, ‘Gone for a Soldier: the Anatomy of a Nineteenth-century Army Family’, 25
- NA ADM 101/25/8, Surgeon Donnelly's General Remarks summarizing his log
- Ibid.
- Bateson . Convict Ships listed a 99-day voyage and one or two 100 day voyages but voyages round about 112 days' duration were more general
- 1823 . Ibid. 269 – 70 . , noted 77 cases of scurvy on the Bengal Merchant in 1834–5. The highest incidence was in when there were 192 cases on the Earl St Vincent, while the Lord Lyndoch arrived in August 1838 with 160 cases of scurvy amongst 330 convicts
- NA HO 11/9 f 19 et seq
- Instructions for Surgeons See para. 8. It was the surgeon's responsibility to examine all convicts brought on board
- Ibid. Appendices
- 1832 . Instructions Instructions for the guidance of Surgeons-Sperintendent and Masters of convict Ships, arriving in the River Derwent with Prisoners and which are to be strictly observed
- 1837 . Select Committee on Transportation BPP, (518) XIX, 1, Evidence, Tuesday, 27 June 1837, Question 4251
- 13 August 1833 . 13 August , Archives Office of Tasmania, Reference CSO1–1-669–14864, 5, wm Moriarty to John Burnett, colonial Secretary,. in quotations from original documents, the spelling and punctuation has been preserved. Square brackets indicate letters or words missing owing to damage to the edge of the pages
- 13 August 1833 . Ibid. 13 August , CSO1–1-669–14864, 10–11, william Donnelly M.D., Hired convict Ship Emperor Alexander off Hobart Town, River Derwent, Van Diemen's Land to The Secretary of the Admiralty
- Ibid. 11. Dr Donnelly referred to his Journal on points of detail but only his Log has been found in the National Archives of England and wales, Kew
- Ibid. 12
- The ‘Hospital Furniture’ included capacity measures of 1 pint, 1 quart and 4 quarts (or 1 gallon)
- 29 Apr 1833 . 29 Apr , Archives Office of Tasmania, CSO1–1-669–14864, 23–8, Report of an Investigation relative to Bad Rum being issued to the Detachment,. The Report is headed ‘Convict Ship Emperor Alexander at Sea May 10th 1833’. The contemporary spelling of ‘serjeant’ has been modernized
- 2005 . The Sailor's Word-Book London See Admiral W.H. Smyth, (reprint edition), 550
- Archives Office of Tasmania, CSO1–1-669–14864, Report of an Investigation, 26
- Ibid. 27
- Lt Col Logan, the Board's president, was the officer commanding the 63rd (Suffolk) Regiment which was at the end of its tour of duty in Van Diemen's Land and due to leave for India. It was to be replaced by the 21st Regiment, the Royal Scots Fusiliers
- Archives Office of Tasmania, CSO1–1-669–14864, 41
- Ibid. 40. This raises the question of who the fourth and fifth persons in the mess were and when they came on board
- Ibid. 42 – 3 .
- Ibid. 43 – 5 . . The Navy List identifies Lt J.W. Bailey, RN, as an officer in the Transport Service. He was the Resident Agent at Deptford
- Ibid. 33 – 5 . . The last sheet is annotated: ‘Approved Geo Arthur Lt Gr’
- Ibid. 35. Quantities converted to decimals
- Archives Office of Tasmania, CSO1–1-669–14864, 59
- Ibid. 61 – 2 .
- Ibid. 63. The signature is unclear. It may be B. Law or Lowe
- Ibid. 66. The last page of Dr Donnelly's letter has been used as a minute sheet. The entries are as follows:Governor—This is reason to re-examine—should have been referred to the Asst com General. 12 Sep 33 GAColonial Secretary—Asst com Gen 13 Septm 33 JBAssistant Commissariat General—Receipts for the net quantities of every article delivered into store having been furnished to the Master—The Owners or charterers of the Ship are responsible to the Navy Board for the quantities shipped from the Victualling Yard. A Moodie A C G 13 September 1833Governor—Yes but still I think some further enquiry shd be instituted by the Asst Com General into this representation—the House [Home?] authorities will expect it! 16 Sep 33 GAColonial Secretary—Asst Comm Genl 17 Sept 33 JBAssistant Commissariat General—The Master denies the Statement of the Surgeon Superintendant and I understand did so in his presence and offered to convince him of his error if he would, with the Officers of the Guard, go onboard—His accounts according to the regulations with the affidavits required [by the] Master have been forwarded to England—The Statement of Dr Donnelly towards the end appears rather doubtful. A Moodie 18 Septem 1833
- 1835 . Lloyd's Register of Shipping See
- 31 July 1835 . Lloyd's List 31 July , See. I am grateful to Dr Hugh Murphy for this information
- 1842 . Navy List See. The San Josef was well known as a prize captured in February 1797, at the battle of St Vincent
- 30 Jan 1858 . British Medical Journal 30 Jan , See. His widow, Mary, died aged 66 in 1861. BMJ, 9 Nov. 1861