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Articles

Parliamentary Politics and the Singapore Base: A surplus of opinions and few answers, 1918–29

Pages 341-356 | Published online: 29 May 2013

References

  • 1980 . 20th Century British History , 14 : 138 – 64 . For additional background on this subject see, K. Neilson, ‘Defence and diplomacy: the British Foreign Office and Singapore, 1939–1940’,:2 (2003),; B. Ferrell, S. Hunter, (eds), Sixty Years On: the fall of Singapore Revisited (Singapore, 2002); Ikeda Kiyoshi, ‘The Road to Singapore: Japan's view of Britain, 1922–1941’, in T. G. Fish and P. Lowe (eds), Conflict and Amity in East Asia: Essays in honour of Ian Nish (London, 1992), 30–46; J. Neidpath, The Singapore Naval Base and the Defence of Britain's Eastern Empire (Oxford, 1981); I. Hamill, ‘Winston Churchill and the Singapore Naval Base, 1924–1929’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 11:2(), 277–86; and W. D. McIntyre, The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base, 1919–1942 (Oxford, 1979)
  • 1902 . The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base The National Archives of England and Wales, Kew, (hereafter, NA), NA ADM 116/1770, Memos, 17 May 1918 and 27 Jun. 1918; McIntyre, 3; D. C. Gordon, ‘The Admiralty and Dominion Navies,–1924’, The Journal of Modern History 33:4 (1961), 408
  • NA ADM 116/1882, Memorandum to Long, 25 Feb. 1919. The Admiralty viewed the allocated warships as the minimum needed to maintain Britain's naval presence in the Far East and protect its assets
  • May 1921 . The Times May , NA ADM 116/1810, Proposed Gift of Destroyers and Submarines to the Australian Navy, Jan. 1919;, 22, ‘Hughes Declaration’
  • Feb. 1919 . Feb. , NA ADM 116/1882, W. F. Massey to Long, 10
  • Temple Patterson , A. 1968 . The Jellicoe Papers: Selections from the private and official correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Earl Jellicoe vol. II, 1916–1935 (London), 350. Papers Relating to the Empire Mission, 1919–20
  • McIntyre . December 1919 . The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base December , 22; The Times, 12, ‘Sea Power in the Pacific-Lord Jellicoe's Report’, by Our Sydney Correspondent
  • Patterson , Temple . The Jellicoe Papers vol. II, 326. Papers Relating to the Empire Mission 1919–20
  • Ibid., 324
  • Oct. 1919 . Oct. , NA ADM 1/8571, Naval Situation in the Far East, 21
  • Medlicott , W. N. 1968 . British Foreign Policy since Versailles 62 London
  • Ranft , B. A. 1995 . “ ‘Admiral David Earl Beatty’ ” . In The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten Edited by: Murfett , M. H. London in (), 129
  • Chalmers , W. S. 1959 . Full Cycle: The Biography of Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay 27 – 8 . London Rear-Admiral
  • Neidpath . The Singapore Naval Base 56
  • Ibid., 56
  • Oct. 1921 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 147 , Oct. , British Parliamentary Papers, Commons, vol., 27, col. 1066
  • Vol. 126 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 18 March 1920, col. 2467
  • Neidpath . The Singapore Naval Base 56
  • Ranft . May 1921 . Beatty Papers May , Vol. II, 363–6, Naval Staff Notes, 5 [BTY/8/5/2]
  • Feb. 1924 . Feb. , NA CAB 27/236, Committee on Replacement of Fleet Units other than Capital Ships and Singapore Base, 22
  • The Empire at Bay: The Leo Amery diaries Vol. 1 , 312 Churchill College, Cambridge, Amery MSS, AMEL/7/16, 14 Nov. 1922; J. Barnes and D. Nicholson, (eds), vol
  • NA ADM 167/76, Board Minutes no. 1690, 3 Aug. 1923; ADM 167/68, Board Memorandum—Singapore Naval Base, 9 Jul. 1923; Amery MSS, AMEL/7/17, 12 May 1923
  • Ranft . Feb. 1924 . Beatty Papers Feb. , Vol. II, Clynes Committee Minutes, 27 [BTY/8/5/15]
  • Ranft . May 1924 . Beatty Papers May , Vol. II, Clynes Committee Minutes, 3 [BTY/8/5/16]; McIntyre, Rise and Fall of the Singapore Base, 40–1
  • Feb. 1922 . Feb. , Ibid., Notes by the Naval Staff, 28 Apr. 1924 [BTY/8/5/22]. The Washington Naval Treaty was signed on 6 and imposed limits on capital warship building on the five signatories, the USA, the British Empire, the Empire of Japan, the French Third Republic and the Kingdom of Italy
  • Halpern , P. G. 1980 . The Keyes Papers: Selections from the private and official correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Baron Keyes of Zeebrugge vol. II, 1919–1938 (London), 96. Letter from Keyes to Richmond, Admiralty, S.W. 19 May 1924, Richmond MSS [RIC/7/3], Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives and British Library, Department of Manuscripts Collection, London
  • Mar. 1924 . The Times Mar. , 2 ‘Singapore Base’; 16 Mar. 1924, ‘Political Notes’; Daily Telegraph, 1 Mar. 1924, ‘The Singapore Scheme’; 7 Mar. 1924, ‘Singapore Naval Base’ by our Parliamentary Correspondent; 14 Mar. 1924, ‘Singapore Base’ by Lord Balfour; 18 March 1923, ‘Singapore Base-Project Abandoned’
  • Mar. 1924 . Mar. , NA J. Ramsay MacDonald Papers, PRO/30/69/748, Hankey to MacDonald (SECRET), 10
  • 1924 . J. Ramsay MacDonald MSS, PRO/30/69/748, Naval Policy on the Singapore Base
  • Parliamentary Debates Vol. 161 , Commons, vol., 12 Mar. 1923, col. 1098–9
  • Vol. 162 , Ibid., Commons, Vol., 25 Apr. 1923, col. 432
  • Vol. 166 , Ibid., Commons, Vol., 4 Jul. 1923, col. 416. Amery answered Kenworthy stating that the government used the costing models of the Rosyth Base, which had two dry docks, a tidal basin and a depot for destroyers. Total cost £11,335,207; vol. 166, 12 Jul. 1923, col. 1560–1
  • Apr. 1924 . Apr. , Amery MSS, AMEL/7/16, 11
  • Mar. 1923 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 162 , Mar. , Commons, vol., 28, col. 475, 533–4; vol. 163, 9 May 1923, col. 2336–7; vol. 164, 5 Jun. 1923, col. 1995–6; vol. 165, 27 Jun. 1923, col. 294, 2330; vol. 167, 2 Aug. 1923, col. 1722
  • May 1923 . Vol. 163 , May , Ibid., Commons, vol., 1, col. 1243–58; vol. 166, 19 Jul. 1923, col. 2563–6, 25815, 2602–6
  • 1923 . Vol. 166 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 19 Jul., col. 2573–5, 2613–21
  • Parliamentary Debates Vol. 161 , Amery MSS, AMEL/7/17, 1 May 1923;, Commons, vol., 22 Mar. 1923, col. 2854; vol. 163, 1 May 1923, col. 1247–51
  • May 1923 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 163 , May , Commons, vol., 1, col. 1235–7
  • 1923 . Vol. 166 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 19 Jul., col. 2559–63
  • 1923 . Amery MSS, AMEL/7/17, 19 Jul
  • May 1923 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 163 , May , Commons, vol., I, col. 1227–30
  • Lyman , R. W. 1957 . The First Labour Government, 1924 London 213; A. Morgan, J. Ramsay MacDonald, (London, 1987), 104; B. McL. Ranft, ‘Admiral Sir David Beatty’, ed. by Malcolm H. Murfett, The First Sea Lords: From Fisher to Mountbatten (London: Praeger Publishers, 1995), 136
  • McIntyre . The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base 42
  • Parliamentary Debates Vol. 171 , Amery MSS, AMEL/7/18, 18 Mar. 1924;, Commons, vol., 18 Mar. 1924, col. 316–25; Ranft, Beatty Papers vol. II, 362
  • It should be noted that there are no references within the 1921, 1922 or 1923 Labour Party Election Manifestos advocating the cancellation of funds to the Singapore Base. British Library, London, Labour Party Election Manifestos, 1921–3
  • July 1924 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 176 , July , Commons, vol., 31, col. 2310–2, 2373–5
  • Mar. 1924 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 171 , Mar. , Commons, vol., 25, col. 1181–94, 1206–12
  • Vol. 173 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 5 May 1924, col. 743–4
  • University of Reading, Astor MSS, MS/1416/1/1/580, Hints for Speakers by the Unionist Central Office
  • Mar. 1924 . The Times Mar. , 23 ‘Empire Naval Defences: Singapore and our Strategic Mobility’ by Leopold Amery; 30 Mar. 1924, ‘Empire Naval Defence’ by Leopold Amery
  • Mar. 1924 . Daily Telegraph Mar. , 5 ‘Singapore Naval Base’ by Our Own Parliamentary Correspondent; 14 Mar. 1924, ‘Singapore Base’ by Lord Balfour; 18 Mar. 1924, ‘Singapore Base-Project Abandoned’
  • Mar. 1925 . Mar. , NA CAB 23/49, Cabinet Minutes, 2
  • McIntyre . The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base 46 – 51 .
  • April 1924 . April , Churchill College, Cambridge, Lord Hankey Papers, HNKY/4/16, #138, I
  • Mar. 1925 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 181 , Mar. , Commons, vol., 4 and II, col. 414 and 1300–1; vol. 197, 28 Jun. 1926, col. 783; vol. 223, 12 Dec. 1928, 2100
  • College , Churchill . 1926 . Cambridge, Tufton Beamish Papers, BEAM/4/2, Notes
  • Mar. 1925 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 182 , Mar. , Commons, vol., 23, col. 136
  • 1925 . Ibid. Vol. 182 , Commons, vol., 23 Marv, col. 113–14 and 161
  • Mar. 1925 . Parliamentary Debates Vol. 181 , Mar. , Commons, vol., 19, col. 2538; vol. 182, 23 Mar. 1925, col. 88–90
  • Vol. 182 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 23 Mar. 1925, col. 130, vol. 215, 22 Mar. 1928, col. 613–15
  • Vol. 215 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 22 Mar. 1928, col. 691
  • Vol. 210 , Ibid., Commons, vol., 23 November 1927, col. 1773–4; vol. 211, 30 Nov. 1927, col. 477–8 and 6 Dec. 1927, col. 1165–6
  • Parliamentary Debates Vol. 191 , Commons, vol., 15 Feb. 1926, col. 1551; vol. 180, 19 Feb. 1925, col. 1293; vol. 186, 15 Jul. 1925, col. 1265; vol. 188, 18 Nov. 1925, col. 351; vol. 192, 24 Feb. 1926, col. 503; vol. 200, I Dec. 1926, col. 1180
  • Jan. 1993 . The Times Higher Education Supplementary Jan. , 8
  • Hornby , R. 1972 . “ ‘The Influence of the Backbencher a Tory View’ ” . In The Backbencher and Parliament: A reader Edited by: Leonard , R. and Valentine , H. 232 – 3 . London in (),; M. Franklin and P. Norton, ‘Why do MPs Table Questions’, in M. Franklin and P. Norton (eds), Parliamentary Questions (Oxford, 1993), 104; D. N. Chester and N. Bowring, Questions in Parliament (Oxford, 1962), 203
  • 1923 . London School of Economics, Morel MSS, F2/1/8, Morel to Ogilvie, 16 Jul
  • Hornby . “ ‘The Influence of the Backbencher a Tory View’, 232–3; Franklin and Norton, ‘Why do MPs Table Questions’, 104; Chester and Bowring ” . In Questions in Parliament 203
  • Apr. 1919 . Honorable Members: A study of the British backbencher Apr. , London Stansgate MSS, ST/73/79, House of Lords, London, Lloyd George Papers, F/33/2/32,20, Walter Long to Lloyd George; F/33/2/54, 15 Jun. 1919, Walter Long to Lloyd George; F/10//8/5, 15 Jun. 1922, Winston Churchill to Lloyd George; House of Lords, London, Bonar Law Papers, BL107/2/60, 18 Sept. 1922, G. Terrell to Bonar Law; P. Richards, (1959), 92
  • 1998 . Commons Knowledge: How to be a backbencher 36 – 40 . London NA J. Ramsay MacDonald Papers, PRO/30/69/1170(1), Austen Chamberlain to Ramsey MacDonald, 2 Feb. 1925; PRO/30/69/1170(2), Ramsey MacDonald to Arthur Greenwood, 19 Mar. 1925; P. Flynn, (),; Leonard and Valentine, The Backbencher and Parliament, 103

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