245
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Alawi capture of power in Syria

Pages 429-450 | Published online: 06 Dec 2006

NOTES

  • Laurent , Annie . 1983 . ‘Syrie‐Liban: Les faux frères jumeaux’ . Politique Étrangère , 48 : 598
  • Moosa , Matti . 1988 . Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects , 297 Syracuse, NY : Syracuse University Press .
  • Anon. , Al‐Muslimun fi Suriya wa'l‐Irhab an‐Nusayri, 1964–1979 ( Cairo : n.p., n.d.), p. 46
  • Abu Musa al‐Hariri , Al‐'Alawiyun‐an‐Nusayriyun ( Beirut , n.p., 1400/1980 ), pp. 234 ‐ 7
  • Devlin , John F. 1976 . The Ba'th Party: A History from Its Origins to 1966 , 319 – 20 . Stanford : Hoover Institution Press .
  • Drysdale , Alasdair . 1981 . ‘The Syrian Political Elite, 1966–1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis’ . Middle Eastern Studies , 17 ( 1 ) January : 27
  • Sadowski , Yahya M. 1988 . “ ‘Ba'thist Ethics and the Spirit of State Capitalism: Patronage and Party in Contemporary Syria’ ” . In Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowki , Edited by: Chelkowski , Peter J. and Pranger , Robert . 168 Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
  • van Dusen , Michael . 1975 . “ ‘Syria: Downfall of a Traditional Elite’ ” . In Political Elites and Political Development in the Middle East , Edited by: Tachan , Frank . 136 Cambridge, MA : Schenkman Publishing .
  • ‘Ali'Aziz Ibrahim , Al‐'Alawiyun: Fida'iy ash‐Shi'a al‐Majhulun (n.p., 1392/1972 ), pp. 9 ‐ 14
  • Kathir , Ibn . 1351–58/1932–39 . Al‐Bidaya wa'n‐Nihaya , Vol.14 , 83 Cairo : Matba'a as‐Sa'ada .
  • Wolff . 1849 . ‘Auszüge aus dem Katechismus der Nossairier’ . Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft , 3 : 308
  • Lawrence , T. E. 1935 . Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph , 329 Garden City, NY : Doubleday, Doran & Co. .
  • Lammens , Henri . 1899 . ‘Les Nosairis: Notes sur leur histoire et leur religion’ . Etudes , : 492
  • al‐Jundi , Sami . 1969 . Al‐Ba'th , 145 Beirut : Dar an‐Nahar li'n‐Nashr .
  • May , Pierre . 1931? . L'Alaouite: ses croyances, ses moeurs, les cheikhs, les lois de la tribu et les chefs , 42 – 3 . Beirut : Imprimerie catholique .
  • Walpole , F. 1851 . The Ansayrii (or Assassins,) with Travels to the Further East, in 1850–51 , Vol.3 , 64 London : Richard Bentley .
  • Halm , Heinz . 1982 . Die islamische Gnosis: die extreme Schia und die ‘Alawiten , 316 Zurich : Artemis .
  • ‘Ali , Hamza ibn . 1838 . Ar‐Risala ad‐Damigha li'l‐Fasiq ar‐Radd'ala an‐Nusayri. Text in Silvestre de Sacy, Exposé de la religion des Druzes , Vol.2 , 571 – 3 . Paris : A l'Imprimerie Royale .
  • Cendrieux , Jehan . 1926 . Al‐Ghadir ou le Sexe‐Dieu , 10 – 11 . Paris : Bibliothèque‐Charpentier .
  • 1844 . “ ‘An Oriental Student’ ” . In The Modem Syrians: or, Native Society in Damascus, Aleppo, and the Mountains of the Druses , 281 London, Longman : Brown, Green, and Longmans .
  • Salisbury , Edward E. 1866 . ‘The Book of Sulaiman's First Ripe Fruit: Disclosing the Mysteries of the Nusairian Religion’ . Journal of the American Oriental Society , 8 : 285 306
  • Battuta , Ibn . 1384/1964 . Ar‐Rihla , 79 – 80 . Beirut : Dar as‐Sadr and Dar Bayrut .
  • Moosa . Extremist Shiites , 271
  • Goldziher , Ignaz . 1910 . Vorlesungen über den Islam , Heidelberg C. Winter .
  • Andras and Hamori , Ruth , eds. 1981 . Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law , 228 Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • al‐Adhani , Sulayman Efendi . 1400/1980 . “ Kitab al‐Bakura ” . In Al‐Judhur at‐Ta'rikhiya li'n‐Nusayriya al‐'Alawiya , Edited by: ‘Abdallah , al‐Husayni . 55 Cairo : Dar al‐I'tisam .
  • al‐Adhani , Sulayman Efendi . “ ‘The Book of Sulaiman's First Ripe Fruit’ ” . In Kitab al‐Bakura Edited by: Salisbury . 298
  • Lammens , Henri . 1941 . L'Islam, croyances et institutions, , 2nd ed. , 228 Beirut : Imprimerie catholique .
  • Boneschi , Paulo . 1940 . ‘Une fatwà du Grand Mufti de Jérusalem Muhammad’ Amin al‐Husayni sur les ‘Alawites’ . Revue de l'histoire des religions , 122 ( 2–3 ) Sept.‐Dec. : 152
  • Maundrell , Henry . 1810 . A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem in 1697 , 16 – 17 . London : J. White & Co. .
  • Disraeli , Benjamin . 1847 . Tancred, or The New Crusade , 374 – 5 . London : Longmans, Green, and Co. .
  • al‐Adhani , Sulayman Efendi . “ ‘The Book of Sulaiman's First Ripe Fruit’ ” . In Kitab al‐Bakura Edited by: Salisbury . 298
  • Shams ad‐Din , Muhammad Rida . 1376 . Ma'a al‐'Alawiyin fi Suriya , 5 – 6 . Beirut : Matba'a al‐Insaf .
  • Laurent , Annie and Basbous , Antoine . 1987 . Guerres secrètes au Liban , 71 – 2 . Paris : Gallimard .
  • ‘Ali , Hamza ibn . Ar‐Risala ad‐Damigha , 2 570
  • al‐Farisi , ‘Izz ad‐Din and Sadiq , Ahmad . Oct. 1980 . “ ‘Ath‐Thawra al‐Islamiya fi Suriya’ ” . In Al‐Mukhtar al‐Islami Oct. , 39 Cairo
  • M. St. Guyard , ‘Le Fetwa d'Ibn Taimiyyah sur les Nosairis’ , Journal Asiatique , 6th series, Vol. 16 , No. 66 ( 1871 ): pp. 167 , 168 , 169 , 177
  • as‐Sayyid ‘Abd al‐Husayn Mahdi al‐'Askari , Al‐'Alawiyun aw an‐Nusayriya (N.p., 1400/1980 ), pp. 49 ‐ 53
  • Mantran , Robert and Sauvaget , Jean , eds. 1951 . Règlements fiscaux ottomans: Les provinces syriens , 76 Paris : Librairie d'Amerique et d'Orient .
  • Weulersse , Jacques . 1937 . “ ‘Antioche, un type de cité d'Islam’ ” . In Comptes rendus du Congrès international de Géographie, Varsovie 1934 , Vol.3 , 258 Warsaw Kasa Im. Mianowskiego .
  • Kramer , Martin . 1987 . “ ‘Syria's Alawis and Shi'ism’ ” . In Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution , Edited by: Kramer , Martin . 238 Boulder, CO : Westview Press .
  • Lyde , Samuel . 1860 . The Asian Mystery: Illustrated in the History, Religion, and Present State of the Ansaireeh or Nusairis of Syria , 196 London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts .
  • Walpole . The Ansayrii , 3 115
  • Battuta , Ibn . Ar‐Rihla , 80
  • Ghalib at‐Tawil , Muhammad Amin . 1386/1966 . Ta'rikh al‐'Alawiyin, , 2nd ed. , 342 Beirut : Dar al‐Andalus .
  • Weulersse , Jacques . 1940 . Le pays des Alaouites , Vol.1 , 54 Tours : Arrault & Cie. .
  • Janot , E. 1934 . Des Croisades au Mandat: Notes sur le peuple Alouïte , 37 Lyon : Imprimerie L. Bascon .
  • Jacquot , Paul . 1929 . L'état des Alaouites: Guide , 10 Beirut : Imprimerie catholique .
  • R. Strothmann , ‘Die Nusairi im heutigen Syrien’ , Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen , Phil. Hist. Kl. No.4 ( 1950 ), p. 35
  • Samné , George . 1920 . La Syrie , 340 Paris : Bossard .
  • Burckhardt , John Lewis . 1822 . Travels in Syria and the Holy Land , 141 London : John Murray .
  • Lyde . Asian Mystery , 219 – 20 .
  • 1858 . Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine , xli London : John Murray .
  • Weulersse . Le pays des Alaouites , 1 73 317
  • 1946 . Paysans de Syrie et du Proche Orient , 272 Paris : Gallimard .
  • 1960 . ‘Le Djebel Ansarieh: Études de Géographie humaine,’ . Revue de Géographie alpine , 48 : 267 – 311 .
  • Laurent and Basbous . Guerres secrètes au Liban , 70
  • Gharib , Jurj . 1975 . Nawfal Iliyas: Siyasa, Adab, Dhikriyat , Beirut : Dar ath‐Thaqafa .
  • Tawil . Ta'rikh al‐'Alawiyin , 470
  • Lyde . Asian Mystery , 222
  • Weulersse . “ ‘Antioche’ ” . 258
  • Weulersse . Paysans de Syrie , 85
  • van Dam , Nikolaos . 1979 . The Struggle for Power in Syria: Sectarianism, Regionalism and Tribalism in Politics, 1961–1978 , 22 New York : St. Martin's Press .
  • al‐Hakim , Yusuf . 1966 . Dhikriyat al‐Hakim, Vol.3, Suriya wa'l‐'Ahd al‐Faysali , 94 Beirut : Al‐Matba'a al‐Kathulikiya .
  • Lammens . L'Islam , 228
  • Kawtharani , Wajih . 1980 . Bilad ash‐Sham , 211 Beirut : Ma'had al‐Inma’ al‐'Arabi .
  • Taqi Sharaf ad‐Din , An‐Nusayriya: Dirasa Tahliliya ( Beirut : n.p., 1983 ), pp. 73 ‐ 5
  • Rabbath , E. 1928 . L'Évolution politique de la Syrie sous mandat , 185 Paris : Marcel Rivière .
  • ad‐Din , Sharaf . An‐Nusayriya: Dirasa Tahliliya , 80
  • 1926 . League of Nations, Permanent Mandates Commission . Minutes of the 9th Session, 16th meeting . June 17 1926 . pp. 116
  • R. Bayly Winder , ‘The Modern Military Tradition in Syria’ , unpublished draft dated 5 March 1959 , pp. 14 ‐ 15
  • Jacquot . L'état des Alaouites , 11
  • 1926 . President of the Alawis’ State Representative Council, League of Nations, Permanent Mandates Commission . Minutes of the 9th Session, 16th meeting . June 17 1926 . pp. 112
  • 1936 . Bulletin du Comité de l'Asie Française , April : 131
  • Laurent and Basbous . Guerres secrètes au Liban , 74
  • Hariri . Al‐'Alawiyun‐an‐Nusayriyun , 228 – 31 .
  • al‐Farisi and Sadiq . “ ‘Ath‐Thawra al‐Islamiya fi Suriya’ ” . 39
  • Laurent . “ ‘Syrie‐Liban’ ” . 598
  • Laurent , Annie and Basbous , Antoine . 1983 . Une proie pour deux Fauves? , 96 Beirut : Ad‐Da'irat .
  • Moosa . Extremist Shiites , 287 – 88 .
  • ad‐Din , Sharaf . An‐Nusayriya: Dirasa Tahliliya , 87 – 92 .
  • ad‐Din , Sharaf . An‐Nusayriya: Dirasa Tahliliya , 57
  • 1936 . Bulletin du Comité de l'Asie Française , Dec. : 340
  • Longrigg , Stephen Helmsley . 1958 . Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate , 210 London : Oxford University Press .
  • Weulersse . Pays des Alaouites , 2 XCI – XCII .
  • Seale , Patrick . 1965 . The Struggle for Syria , 37 London : Oxford University Press .
  • Mansur , Fadallah Abu . 1959 . A'asir Dimashq 51 Beirut
  • 1988 . ‘Radical Politics and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party’ . International Journal of Middle East Studies , 20 : 313 – 16 .
  • Rabinovich , Itamar . 1972 . Syria Under the Ba'th 1963–1966: The Army‐Party Symbiosis , 181 Jerusalem : Israel Universities Press .
  • Party , Ba'th . 1966 . Azmat al‐Hizb wa Harakat 23 Shubat 20 – 21 . Damascus
  • 14 Sept. 1966 . Ad‐Difa’ 14 Sept. , Jerusalem
  • van Dam . Struggle for Power , 75 – 6 .
  • Michael Hillegas van Dusen , ‘Intra‐ and Inter‐ Generational Conflict in the Syrian Army’ , unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, John Hopkins University , 1971 , p. 315
  • Seale , Patrick . 1989 . Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East , 6 Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Ma'oz . Asad , 24
  • al‐Ahmad , Ahmed Sulayman . 1988 . Al‐Watan al‐'Arabi , 5 August

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.