Sequence Analysis of the Small Subunit Ribosomal Rnas of Three Zoosporic Fungi and Implications for Fungal Evolution

LITERATURE CITED

• Barr, D.J.S. 1981. The phylogenetic and taxonomic implications of flagellar rootlet morphology among zoosporic fungi. BioSystems 14: 359–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, D.J.S.. 1983. The zoosporic grouping of plant pathogens. Entity or non-entity? Pp. 43–83. In: Zoosporic Plant Pathogens. A Modern Perspective. Ed., S. T. Buczacki. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Bartnicki-Garcia, S. 1968. Cell wall chemistry, morphogenesis, and taxonomy of fungi. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 22: 87–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartnicki-Garcia, S.. 1970. Cell wall composition and other biochemical markers in fungal phytogeny. Pp. 81–103. In: Phytochemical Phytogeny. Ed., J. B. Harborne. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Bartnicki-Garcia, S.. 1987. The cell wall: a crucial structure in fungal evolution. Pp. 389–403. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi. Eds., A. D. M. Rayner, C. M. Brasier, and D. Moore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Beakes, G. W. 1987. Oomycete phylogeny: ultra-structural perspectives. Pp. 405–421. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi. Eds., A. D. M. Rayner, C. M. Brasier, and D. Moore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, L. R., and G. W. Patterson. 1986. Phylogenetic implications of sterol biosynthesis in the oomycetes. Exp. Mycol. 10: 175–183.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett, J. H. 1987. Aspects of the macro-and micro-evolution of the fungi. Pp. 1–15. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi. Eds., A. D. M. Rayner, C. M. Brasier, and D. Moore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? BioSystems 14: 461–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalier-Smith, T.. 1986. The kingdom Chromista: origin and systematics. Pp. 309–347. In: Progress in Phycological Research. Vol. 4. Eds., F. E. Round and D. J. Chapman. Biopress, Bristol.
   Google Scholar
• Cavalier-Smith, T.. 1987. The origin of fungi and pseudofungi. Pp. 339–353. In: Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi. Eds., A. D. M. Rayner, C. M. Brasier, and D. Moore. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Dick, M. W. 1983. Validation of the class name hyphochytriomycetes. p. 285. In: Zoosporic Plant Pathogens. A Modern Perspective. Ed., S. T. Buczacki. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Edman, J. C., J. A. Kovacs, H. Masur, D. V. Santi, H. J. Elwood, and M. L. Sogin. 1988. Ribosomal RNA sequence shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the fungi. Nature 334: 519–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwood, H. J., G. J. Olsen, and M. L. Sogin. 1985. The small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the hypotrichous ciliates Oxytricha nova and Stylonychia pustulata. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2: 399–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdmann, V. A., J. Wolters, T. Pieler, T. Specht, and N. Ulbrich. 1987. Evolution of organisms and organelles as studied by comparative computer and biochemical analysis of ribosomal 5S RNA structure. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. Vol. 503: Endocytobiology III, 125–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitch, W. M., and E. Margoliash. 1967. Construction of phylogenetic trees. Science 155: 279–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Förster, H., T. G. Kinscherf, S. A. Leong, and D. P. Maxwell. 1987. Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Phytophthora. Curr. Genet. 8: 215–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson, J. H., H. Elwood, A. Ingold, K. Kindle, and M. L. Sogin. 1987. Phylogenetic relationships between chlorophytes, chrysophytes, and oomycetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 5823–5827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunderson, J. H., H. Elwood, A. Ingold, K. Kindle, and M. L. Sogin, and M. L. Sogin. 1986. Length variation in eukaryotic rRNAs: small subunit rRNAs from the protists Acanthamoeba castellami and Euglena gracilis. Gene 44: 63–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath, I. B. 1975. The possible significance of variations in the mitotic systems of the aquatic fungi (Phycomycetes). BioSystemsl: 351–359.
   Google Scholar
• Henikoff, S. 1984. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene 28: 351–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori, H., and S. Osawa. 1987. Origin and evolution of organisms as deduced from 5 S ribosomal RNA sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 445–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss, V. A. R., and M. L. Sogin. 1989. Primary structure of the Chlorella vulgaris small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 1255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen, T., S. Johansen, and F. B. Haugli. 1988. Nucleotide sequence of the Physarum polycephalum small subunit ribosomal RNA as inferred from the gene sequence: secondary structure and evolutionary implications. Curr. Genet. 14: 265–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keen, N. T., S. Tamaki, D. Kobayashi, and D. Trollinger. 1988. Improved broad-host-range Plasmids for DNA cloning in gram-negative bacteria. Gene 70: 191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok, S., T. J. White, and J. W. Taylor. 1986. Evolutionary relationships between fungi, red algae, and other simple eucaryotes inferred from total DNA hybridizations to a cloned basidiomycete ribosomal DNA. Exp. Mycol. 10: 196–204.
   Google Scholar
• Margulis, L., and K. V. Schwartz. 1982. Five Kingdoms. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco. 376 p.
   Google Scholar
• McCarroll, R., G. J. Olsen, Y. D. Stahl, C. R. Woese, and M. L. Sogin. 1983. Nucleotide sequence of the Dictyostelium discoideum small-subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid inferred from the gene sequence: evolutionary implications. Biochemistry 22: 5858–5868.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medlin, L., H. J. Elwood, S. Stickel, and M. L. Sogin. 1988. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA coding regions. Gene 71: 491–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullis, K. B., and F. A. Faloona. 1987. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. Methods Enzymol. 155: 335–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairn, C. J., and R. J. Ferl. 1988. The complete nucleotide sequence of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA coding region for the cycad Zamia pumila: phylogenetic implications. J. Mol. Evol. 27: 133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelles, L., B. Fang, C. Volckaert, A. Vandenberghe, and R. De Wachter. 1984. Nucleotide sequence of a crustacean 18S ribosomal RNA gene and secondary structure of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 8749–8768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nes, W. D., P. H. Le, L. R. Berg, G. W. Patterson, and J. L. Kerwin. 1986. A comparison of cycloartenol and lanosterol biosynthesis and metabolism by the oomycetes. Experientia 42: 556–558.
   Google Scholar
• Nes, W. D., P. H. Le, L. R. Berg, G. W. Patterson, and J. L. Kerwin, and W. R. Nes. 1983. Disassociation of oogonia formation from oospore production in Phytophthora cactorum by sterols with varying side chain lengths. Experientia 39: 276–278.
   Google Scholar
• Olive, L.S. 1975. The Mycetozoans. Academic Press, New York. 293 p.
   Google Scholar
• Rubstov, P. M., M. M. Musakhanov, V. M. Zakharyev, A. S. Krayev, K. G. Skryabin, and A. A. Bayev. 1980. The structure of the yeast ribosomal RNA genes. I. The complete nucleotide sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 8: 5779–5794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki, R., D. H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S. J. Scharf, R. Higuchi, G. T. Horn, K. B. Mullis, and H. A. Ehrlich. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239: 487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salim, M., and B. E. H. Maden. 1981. Nucleotide sequence of Xenopus laevis 18S ribosomal RNA inferred from gene sequence. Nature 291: 205–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., and A. R. Coulson. 1975. A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase. J. Mol. Biol. 94: 441–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., and A. R. Coulson, S. Miklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5463–5467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogin, M. L., and H. J. Elwood. 1986. Primary structure of the Paramecium tetraurelia small-subunit rRNA coding region: phylogenetic relationships within the Ciliophora. J. Mol. Evol. 23: 53–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogin, M. L., and H. J. Elwood, and J. H. Gunderson. 1986a. Evolutionary diversity of eukaryotic small-subunit rRNA genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 1383–1387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogin, M. L., and H. J. Elwood, and J. H. Gunderson, and J. H. Gunderson. 1987. Structural diversity of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNAs: evolutionary implications. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., Vol. 503: Endocytobiology III. 125–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sogin, M. L., and H. J. Elwood, and J. H. Gunderson, and J. H. Gunderson, K. Miotto, and L. Miller. 1986b. Primary structure of the Neurospora crassa small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region. Nucleic Acids Res. 14: 9540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow, F. K. 1973. Mastigomycotina (Zoosporic fungi). Pp. 61–73. In: The Fungi. Vol. IVB. Eds., G. C. Ainsworth and A. S. Sussman. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Takaiwa, F., K. Oono, and M. Sugiura. 1984. The complete nucleotide sequence of a rice 17S rRNA gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 5441–5448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira, J., and J. Messing. 1987. Production of single-stranded plasmid DNA. Methods Enzymol. 153: 3–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, H.J. 1965. Lysine biosynthesis and evolution. Pp. 25–40. In: Evolving Genes and Proteins. Eds., V. Bryson and H. J. Vogel. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, S. A., G. W. Sovocool, and A. J. Domnas. 1983. Sterols of selected species of oomycetes and hyphochytridiomycetes. Mycologia 75: 285–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker, R. H. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science 163: 150–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar