Zoophagus Insidians Has Reproductive and Cellular Morphology of a Zygomycete

LITERATURE CITED

• Arnaudow, N. 1921. Zür Morphologie und Biologie von Zoophagus insidians Sommerstorff. Jahrb. Sofianer Univ. 15–16: 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Arnaudow, N.. 1925. Untersuchung über den Tiere fangenden Pilz Zoophagus insidians Som. Flora (Jena) 118–119: 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Belkhiri, A., and M. W. Dick. 1988. Comparative studies on the DNA of Pythium spp. and some possibly related taxa. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134: 2673–2684.
   Google Scholar
• Bracker, C. E. 1966. Ultrastructural aspects of sporangiospore formation in Gilbertella persicaria. Pp. 39–60. In: The Fungus Spore. Ed., M. F. Madelin. Butterworth Publ., London.
   Google Scholar
• Coffell, R., M. E. S. Hudspeth, and R. Meganathan. 1989. Presence of glycogen in the rotifer-trapping fungus Zoophagus insidians. Abst. Ann. Meet. Amer. Soc. Microbiol. 89: 260.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, W. B., and F. J. Ludzack. 1958. Predacious fungus behavior in activated sludge systems. Sewage Ind. Wastes 30: 1490–1495.
   Google Scholar
• Dill, B. C., and M. S. Fuller. 1971. Amino acid immobilization of fungal motile cells. Arch. Mikrobiol. 78: 92–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drechsler, C. 1935a. Some conidial Phycomycetes destructive to terricolous amoebae. Mycologia 27: 6–40.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1935b. Some non-catenulate conidial Phycomycetes preying on terricolous amoebae. Mycologia 27: 176–205.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1935c. A new species of conidial Phycomycete preying on nematodes. Mycologia 27: 206–215.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1936. New conidial Phycomycetes destructive to terricolous amoebae. Mycologia 28: 363–389.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1945. Several additional Phycomycetes subsisting on nematodes and amoebae. Mycologia 37: 1–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1947. Three new species of Zoopage predaceous on terricolous rhizopods. Mycologia 39: 379–408.
   Google Scholar
• Drechsler, C.. 1962. A nematode-capturing Phycomycete with distally adhesive branches and proximally imbedded fusiform conidia. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 1089–1095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duddington, C. L. 1956. The predacious fungi: Zoopagales and Moniliales. Biol. Rev. 31: 152–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duddington, C. L.. 1973. Zoopagales. Pp. 231–234. In: The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise. Eds., G. C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow, and A. S. Sussaman. Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, M.S., and U. Gisi. 1985. Comparative studies of the in-vitro activity of the fungicides oxadixyl and metalaxyl. Mycologia 77: 424–432.
   Google Scholar
• Glickhorn, J. 1922. Studien an Zoophagus insidians Som., einem Tiere fangenden Pilz. Glasn. Soc. Sci. Nat. Croate 34: 198–229.
   Google Scholar
• Hemmes, D. E. 1983. Cytology of Phytophthora. Pp. 9–40. In: Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology. Eds., D. C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-Garcia, and P. H. Tsao. Amer. Phytopath. Soc. St. Paul, Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Hoch, H. C. 1986. Freeze-substitution of fungi. Pp. 183–212. In: Ultrastructure Techniques for Microorganisms. Eds., H. C. Aldrich and W. J. Todd. Plenum Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Howard, R. J., and K. L. O'Donnell. 1987. Freeze substitution of fungi for cytological analysis. Exper. Mycol. 11: 250–269.
   Google Scholar
• Karling, J. S. 1936. A new predacious fungus. Mycologia 28: 307–320.
   Google Scholar
• Middleton, J. T. 1952. Generic concepts in the Pythiaceae. Tijdschr. Plantenziekten 58: 226–235.
   Google Scholar
• Mirande, R. 1920. Zoophagus insidians Sommerstorff, capteur de rotifères vivants. Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 36: 47–53.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, M. J., C. E. Bracker, and D. J. Sternshein. 1981. Formation of chlamydospores in Gilbertella persicaria. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 908–928.
   Google Scholar
• Prowse, G. A. 1954. Sommerstorffia spinosa and Zoophagus insidians predacious on rotifers, and Rozellopsis inflata endoparasite of Zoophagus. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 37: 134–150.
   Google Scholar
• Reichle, R. E., and J. V. A. Alexander. 1965. Multiperforate septations, woronin bodies and septal plugs in Fusarium. J. Cell Biol. 24: 489–496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reichle, R. E., and J. V. A. Alexander, and R. W. Lichtwardt. 1972. Fine structure of the Trichomycete Harpella melusinae from black-fly guts. Arch. Mikrobiol. 81: 103–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saikawa, M. 1989. Capture of rotifers by a nematode-capturing fungus, Cystopage cladospora. MSA Newsletter 40: 46.
   Google Scholar
• Saikawa, M., and J. Hoshino. 1986. Electron microscopy on Sommerstorffia spinosa, a watermold parasitic on rotifers. Mycologia 78: 554–561.
   Google Scholar
• Saikawa, M., and J. Hoshino, and C. Morikawa. 1985. Electron microscopy on a nematode-trapping fungus, Acaulopage pectospora. Canad. J. Bot. 63: 1386–1390.
   Google Scholar
• Saikawa, M., and J. Hoshino, and C. Morikawa, K. Yamaguchi, and C. Morikawa. 1988. Capture of rotifers by Acaulopage pectospora, and further evidence of its similarity to Zoophagus insidians. Mycologia 80: 880–884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommerstorff, H. 1911. Ein Tiere fangender Pilz. (Zoophagus insidians, nov. gen., nov. spec.) Öst. Bot. Z. 61: 361–373.
   Google Scholar
• Sparrow, F. K. 1929. A note on the occurrence of two rotifer-capturing phycomycetes. Mycologia 21: 90–96.
   Google Scholar
• Sparrow, F. K.. 1960. Aquatic Phycomycetes. 2nd rev. ed. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 1187 p.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, M. C., and S. Bartnicki-Garcia. 1980. Distribution of mycolaminarans and cell wall β-glucans in the life cycle of Phytophthora. Exp. Mycol. 4: 269–280.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, S. A., D. F. Eierman, A. J. Domnas, and D. D. Dean. 1986. A novel lipoprotein from oomycete fungi. Exp. Mycol. 10: 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, S. A., D. F. Eierman, A. J. Domnas, and D. D. Dean, G. W. Sovocool, and A. J. Domnas. 1982. Ergosterol, the unusual dominant sterol of the pythiaceous fungus Zoophagus insidians. Phytochemistry 21: 2135–2136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whisler, H. C., and L. B. Travland. 1974. The rotifer trap of Zoophagus. Arch. Microbiol. 101: 95–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, T. W. K. 1969. Ultrastructure of aerial hyphae in Lindera pennispora. Ann. Bot. (London) 33: 211–216.
   Google Scholar
• Added in proof: A previous report of these observations appeared as an abstract:
   Google Scholar
• Powell, M. J. and T. Heyburn. 1988. Is Zoophagus an assemblage with diverse affinities? Mycol. Soc. Amer. Newsletter 39: 44.
   Google Scholar
• Subsequent to the acceptance of the present article, the following papers, also reaching the conclusion that Zoophagus should be a member of the Zoopagales, were published:
   Google Scholar
• Abro, H., and M. W. Dick. 1990. The vegetative hyphal septum of Lepcophagus fasciculatus. Mycol. Res. 94: 420–421.
   Google Scholar
• Coffell, R., M. E. S. Hudspeth, and R. Meganathan. 1990. Biochemical evidence for the exclusion of Zoophagus insidians from the Oomycetes. Mycologia 82: 326–331.
   Google Scholar
• Dick, M. W. 1990. The systematic position oof Zoophagus insidians. Mycol. Res. 94: 347–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, M. W., and H. Abro. 1990. Mitochondria of Leucophagus fasciculatus. Mycol. Res. 94: 418–419.
   Google Scholar