A Mycorrhizal Survey of Plant Species Colonizing Coastal Reclaimed Land in Singapore

LITERATURE CITED

• Allen, E. B., and M. F. Allen. 1980. Natural re-establishment of vesicular-mycorrhizae following stripmine reclamation in Wyoming. J. Appl. Ecol. 17: 139–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergelson, J. M., and J. M. Crawley. 1988. Mycorrhizal infection and plant species diversity. Nature 334: 202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berch, S. M., and J. A. Fortin. 1983. Leptotypification of Glomus macrocarpum and a proposal of new combinations: Glomus astrale, Glomus versiforme and Glomus tenebrosum (Endogonaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 61: 2608–2617.
   Google Scholar
• Bergen, M., and R. E. Koske. 1984. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from sand dunes of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 83: 157–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, S. E., and S. K. Lee. 1985. Creation of parks on reclaimed land in Singapore. Pp. 43–51. In: Our Environment (Proceedings of 3rd Symposium). Eds., L. L. Koh and C. S. Hew. Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Daft, M. S., and T. H. Nicolson. 1974. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in plants colonising coal wastes in Scotland. New Phytol. 73: 1129–1137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daft, M. S., and T. H. Nicolson, and E. Hacskaylo. 1976. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in the anthracite and bituminous coal wastes of Pennsylvania. J. Appl. Ecol. 13: 523–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daft, M. S., and T. H. Nicolson, and E. Hacskaylo, and T. H. Nicolson. 1975. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in plants colonising coal spoils in Scotland and Pennsylvania. Pp. 561–580. In: Endomycorhizas. Eds., F. E. Sanders, B. Mosse, and P. B. Tinker. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Francis, R., and D. J. Read. 1984. Direct transfer of carbon between plants connected by vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizal mycelium. Nature 307: 53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemma, J. N., and R. E. Koske. 1988. Seasonal variation in spore abundance and dormancy of Gigaspora gigantea and in mycorrhizal inoculum potential of a dune soil. Mycologia 80: 211–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdemann, J. W. 1968. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 6: 397–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdemann, J. W., and T. H. Nicolson. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet- sieving and decanting. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 46: 235–244.
   Google Scholar
• Harley, J. L. 1970. The importance of microorganisms in colonising plants. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 41: 65–70.
   Google Scholar
• Harley, J. L.. 1989. The significance of mycorrhiza. Mycol. Res. 92: 129–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heap, A. J., and E. J. Newman. 1980. Links between roots by hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. New Phytol. 85: 169–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirrel, M. C., H. Mehravaran, and J. W. Gerdemann. 1978. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in the Chenopodiaceae and Cruciferae: do they occur? Canad. J. Bot. 56: 2813–2817.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, A. G. 1978. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in plants colonising black wastes from bituminous coal mining in the Illawarra Region of New South Wales. New Phytol. 81: 53–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koske, R. E. 1987. Distribution of VA mycorrhizal fungi along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Mycologia 79: 55–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koske, R. E., and W. L. Halvorson. 1981. Ecological studies of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in a barrier sand dune. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1413–1422.
   Google Scholar
• Linderman, R. G. 1988. VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizal symbiosis. ISI Atlas of Sci. Animal and Plant Sciences 1: 183–188.
   Google Scholar
• Lindroth, C. H., H. Anderson, H. Bodvarsson, and S. H. Richter. 1973. Surtsey, Iceland: The development of a new fauna 1963–1970. Terrestial invertebrates. Entomol. Scand. Supp. 5: 1–280.
   Google Scholar
• Louis, I., and G. Lim. 1987. Spore density and root colonisation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in tropical soil. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 88: 207–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx, D. H. 1975. Mycorrhizae and establishment of trees on strip-mined land. Ohio J. Sci. 75: 288–297.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, R. M. 1979. Some occurrences of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural and disturbed ecosystems of the Red Desert. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 619–623.
   Google Scholar
• Mosse, B. 1973. Advances in the study of vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 11: 171–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolson, T. H. 1960. Mycorrhiza in the Gramineae. II. Development in different habitats, particularly sand dunes. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43: 132–145.
   Google Scholar
• Nicolson, T. H.. 1967. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas—a universal plant symbiosis. Sci. Progress (Oxford) 55: 561–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolson, T. H., and C. Johnston. 1979. Mycorrhiza in the Gramineae. III. Glomus fasciculatus as the endophyte of pioneer grasses in a maritime sand dune. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 72: 261–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolson, T. H., and C. Johnston, and N. C. Schenck. 1979. Endogonaceous mycorrhizal endophytes in Florida. Mycologia 71: 178–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, J. M., and D. S. Hayman. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 58: 158–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, D. J., H. K. Koucheki, and J. Hodgson. 1976. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. I. The occurrence of infection. New Phytol. 77: 641–653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves, B. F., D. Wagner, T. Moorman, and J. Kiel. 1979. The role of endomycorrhizae in revegetation practices in the semi-arid West. I. A comparison of incidence of mycorrhizae in severely disturbed vs. natural environments. Amer. J. Bot. 66: 6–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield, R. K., and T. W. Taylor. 1955. The measurement of soil pH. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 19: 164–167.
   Google Scholar
• Schramm, J. R. 1966. Plant colonisation studies on black wastes from anthracite mining in Pennsylvania. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 56: 1–194.
   Google Scholar
• Sylvia, D. M. 1986. Spatial and temporal distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Uniola paniculata in Florida foredunes. Mycologia 78: 728–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skujins, J., and M. F. Allen. 1986. Use of mycorrhizae for land rehabilitation. MIRCEN J. 2:161–176.
   Google Scholar
• Whittingham, J., and D. J. Read. 1982. Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. III. Nutrient transfer between plants with mycorrhizal interconnections. New Phytol. 90:277–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar