The Neurospora crassa chs3 gene encodes an essential class I chitin synthase

LITERATURE CITED

• Aufauvre-Brown A, Mellado E, Gow NAR, Holden DW. 1997. Aspergillus fumigatus chsE: A gene related to CHS3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and important for hyphal growth and conidiophore development but not pathogenicity. Fungal Genet Biol 21: 141–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartnicki-Garcia S. 1968. Cell wall chemistry, morphogenesis and taxonomy of fungi. Annu Rev Microbiol 22: 87–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton WD, Davis RW. 1977. Screening lambda recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science 196: 180–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beth-Din A. 1999. Chitin biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: Structure and function of chitin synthase genes. [PhD Dissertation] Rehovot, Israel: The Hebrew Univ Jerusalem. 90 p.
   Google Scholar
• Beth-Din A., Specht CA, Robbins PW, Yarden O. 1996. chs4, a class IV chitin synthase gene from Neurospora crassa. Mol Gen Genet 250: 214–222.
   Google Scholar
• Beth-Din A., Specht CA, Robbins PW, Yarden O., Yarden O. 1994. The Neurospora crassa chs2 gene encodes a non-essential chitin synthase. Microbiology 140: 2189–2197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgia PT, Iartchouk N, Riggle PJ, Winter KR, Koltin Y, Bulawa C. 1996. The ChsB gene of Aspergillus nidulans is necessary for normal hyphal growth and development. Fungal Genet Biol 20: 193–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen RA, Chen-Wu LJ, Momany M, Young R, Szaniszlo JP, Robbins PW. 1992. Classification of fungal chitin synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 519–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruchez JJP, Eberle J, Russo VEA. 1993a. Regulatory sequences involved in the translation of Neurospora crassa mRNA: Kozak sequences and stop codons. Fungal Genet Newsl 40: 85–88.
   Google Scholar
• Bruchez JJP, Eberle J, Russo VEA.. 1993b. Regulatory sequences in the transcription of Neurospora crassa genes: CAAT box, TATA box, introns, poly(A) tail formation sequences. Fungal Genet Newsl 40: 89–96.
   Google Scholar
• Bulawa CE, Osmond BC. 1990. Chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II are not required for chitin synthesis in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 7424–7428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulawa CE, Osmond BC., Slater M, Cabib E, Au-Young J, Sburlati A, Adair WLJ, Robbins PW. 1986. The S. cerevisiae structural gene for chitin synthase is not required for chitin synthesis in vivo. Cell 46: 213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrol AM, Sweigrad JA, Valent B. 1994. Improved vectors for selecting resistence to hygromycin. Fungal Genet Newsl 41:22.
   Google Scholar
• Chen-Wu JL, Zwicker J, Bowen AR, Robbins PW. 1992. Expression of chitin synthase genes during yeast and hyphal growth phases of Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 6: 497–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang JS, Schekman RW. 1996. Differential trafficking and timed localization of two chitin synthase proteins, Chs2p and Chs3p. J Cell Biol 135: 597–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi WJ, Santos B, Duran A, Cabib E. 1994. Are yeast chitin synthases are regulated at the transcriptional or the posttranslational level? Mol Cell Biol 14: 7685–7694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis RH, de Serres FJ. 1970. Genetic and microbiological research techniques for Neurospora crassa. Meth Enzymol 17A: 79–143.
   Google Scholar
• Devereux J, Haeberli P, Smithies O. 1984. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucl Acid Res 12: 387–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellado E, Aufaure-Brown A, Gow NAR, Holden DW. 1996. The Aspergillus fumigatus chsC and chsG genes encode class III chitin synthases with different functions. Mol Microbiol 20: 667–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzenberg RL, Grotelueschen J. 1994. Restriction polymorphism maps of Neurospora crassa: update. Fungal Genet Newsl 40: 130–138
   Google Scholar
• Metzenberg RL, Grotelueschen J., Stevens JN, Selker EU, Morzycka-Wroblewska E. 1985. Identification and chromosomal distribution of 5S rRNA genes in Neurospora crassa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2067–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motoyama T, Fujiwara M, Kojima N, Horiuchi H, Ohta A, Takagi M. 1996. The Aspergillus nidulans genes ChsA and ChsD encode chitin synthases which have redundant function in conidia formation. Mol Gen Genet 251: 442–450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Motoyama T, Kojima N, Horiuchi H, Ohta A, Takagi M. 1994. Isolation of a chitin synthase gene (ChsC) of Aspergillus nidulans. Biosci Biotech Biochem 58: 2254–2257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbach MJ, Porro EB, Yanofsky C. 1986. Cloning and characterization of the gene for ß-tubulin from a benomyl-resistant mutant of Neurospora crassa and its use as a dominant selectable marker. Mol Cell Biol 6: 2452–2461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbach MJ, Porro EB, Yanofsky C., Sachs MS, Yanofsky C. 1990. The Neurospora crassa arg-2 locus. Structure and expression of the small subunit of arginin-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthase. J Biol Chem 265: 10981–10987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandit A, Maheshwari R. 1993. A simple method of obtaining microconida in Neurospora crassa. Fungal Genet Newsl 40: 64–65.
   Google Scholar
• Proudfoot NJ, Brownlee GG. 1976. Sequence analysis of eukaryotic mRNA. Prog Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol 19: 123–34.
   Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular clonings laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci 74: 5463–5467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selker E. 1990. Premeiotic instability of repeated sequences in Neurospora crassa. Annu Rev Genet 24: 579–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw JA, Mol PC, Bowers B, Silverman SJ, Valdivieso MH, Duran A, Cabib E. 1991. The function of chitin synthases 2 and 3 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. J Cell Biol 114: 111–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman SJ, Sburlati A, Slater ML, Cabib E. 1988. Chitin synthase 2 is essential for septum formation and cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4735–4739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staben C, Jensen B, Singer M, Pollock J, Schectman M, Kinsey J, Selker E. 1989. Use of a bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene as a dominant selectable marker in Neurospora crassa transformation. Fungal Genet Newsl 36: 79–81.
   Google Scholar
• Vogel HJ. 1956. A convenient growth medium for Neurospora crassa (medium N). Microb Genetics Bull 13: 42–43.
   Google Scholar
• Yarden O, Yanofsky C. 1991. Chitin synthase 1 plays a major role in cell wall biogenesis of Neurospora crassa. Genes Dev 5: 2420–2430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yatzkan E, Yarden O. 1995. Inactivation of a single-type 2A phosphoprotein phosphatase is lethal in Neurospora crassa. Curr Genet 28: 458–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar