Ecology and pathology of Phytophthora ITS clade 3 species in forests in western Oregon, USA

Literature cited

• Atzet T, White DE, McCrimmon LA, Martinez PA, Fong PR, Randall VD, tech. coords. 1996. Field guide to the forested plant associations of southwestern Oregon. Technical Paper R6-NRECOL-TP-17-96. Portland, OR: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 201 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Beales PA, Giltrap PM, Webb KM, Ozolina ATI. 2009. A further threat to UK heathland bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by Phytophthora pseudosyringae. Plant Path 59:406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair JE, Coffey MD, Park SY, Geiser DM, Kang S. 2008. A multi-locus phylogeny for Phytophthora utilizing markers derived from complete genome sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology 45:266–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brasier CM, Cooke DEL, Duncan JM, Hansen EM. 2003. Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides–Phytophthora megasperma ITS Clade 6 which tend to be high temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile. Mycological Research 107:277–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buddenhagen IW, Young RA. 1957. A leaf and twig disease of English holly caused by Phytophthora ilicis n. sp. Phytopathology 47:95–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [CABI] Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. 1991. Distribution maps of plant diseases, Map 632. Wallingford, UK: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke DEL, Drenth A, Duncan JM, Wagels G, Brasier CM. 2000. A molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora and related oomycetes. Fungal Genetics and Biology 30:17–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JM, Garbelotto M, Hansen EM, Reeser P, Rizzo DM. 2002. Another canker-causing Phytophthora from California and Oregon forest trees. Phytopathology 92:S17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JM Wickland AC, Patterson HA, Falk KR, Rizzo DM. 2005. Transmission of Phytophthora ramorum in mixed-evergreen forest in California. Phytopathology 95:587–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick MA, Williams NM, Bader M, Gardner J, Bulman LS. 2014. Pathogenicity of Phytophthora pluvialis to Pinus radiata and its relation with red needle cast disease in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 44:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbelotto M, Hüberli D, Shaw D. 2006. First report on an infestation of Phytophthora cinnamomi in natural oak woodlands of California and its differential impact on two native oak species. Plant Disease 90:685.
   Google Scholar
• Grünwald NJ, Martin FN, Larsen M, Sullivan C, Press CM, Coffey MD, Hansen EM, Parke J. 2010. Phytophthora-ID.org: a sequence based Phytophthora identification tool. Plant Disease 95:337–342. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-10-0609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Goheen DJ, Jules E, Ullian B. 2000. Managing Port-Orford-cedar and the introduced pathogen Phytophthora lateralis. Plant Disease 84:4–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Kanaskie A, Prospero S, McWilliams M, Goheen EM, Osterbauer N, Reeser P, Sutton W. 2008. Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tanoak forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38:1133–1143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Davidson JM, Garbelotto M, Ivors K, Douhan L, Rizzo DM. 2003. Phytophthora nemorosa, a new species causing cankers and leaf blight of forest trees in California and Oregon, U.S.A. Mycotaxon 88:129–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Sutton W. 2012a. Phytophthora beyond agriculture. Annual Review of Phytopathology 50:359–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Sutton W, Gardner J, Williams N. 2015. First report of Phytophthora pluvialis causing needle loss and shoot dieback on Douglas-fir in Oregon USA and New Zealand. Plant Disease 99:727.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Sutton W, Sims L. 2012b. Host and habitat index for Phytophthora species in Oregon. Forest Phytophthoras. Available from: http://journals.oregondigital.org/ForestPhytophthora/article/view/3026
   Google Scholar
• Hansen EM, Roth LF, Hamm PB, Julis AJ. 1980. Survival, spread, and pathogenicity of Phytophthora spp. on Douglas-fir seedlings planted on forest sites. Phytopathology 70:422–425.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang J, Jeffers SN, Oak SW. 2007. Occurrence and distribution of Phytophthora pseudosyringae in forest streams of North Carolina. Phytopathology 97:S49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung T. 2009. Beech decline in Central Europe driven by the interaction between Phytophthora infections and climatic extremes. Forest Pathology 39:73–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung T, Blaschke M. 2004. Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders in Bavaria: distribution, modes of spread, and possible management strategies. Plant Pathology 53:197–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung T, Hansen EM, Winton L, Osswald W, Delatour C. 2002. Three new species of Phytophthora from European oak forests. Mycological Research 106:397–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung T, Nechwatal J, Cooke DEL, Hartmann G, Blaschke M, Osswald WF, Duncan JM, Delatour C. 2003. Phytophthora pseudosyringae sp. nov., a new species causing root and collar rot of deciduous trees species in Europe. Mycological Research 107:772–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamvar ZN, Larsen MM, Kanaskie AM, Hansen EM, Grünwald NJ. 2015. Spatial and temporal analysis of populations of the sudden oak death pathogen in Oregon forests. Phytopathology 105:982–989. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-14-0350-FI.
   Google Scholar
• Kroon LPNM, Bakker FT, van den Bosch GBM, Bonants PJM, Flier WG. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Phytophthora species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology 41:766–782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33:1870–1874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948.
   Google Scholar
• Linzer RE, Rizzo DM, Cacciola SO, Garbelotto M. 2009. AFLPs detect low genetic diversity for Phytophthora nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae in the US and Europe. Mycological Research 113:298–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin FN, Tooley PW, Blomquist C. 2004. Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death in California, and two additional species commonly recovered from diseased plant material. Phytopathology 94:621–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motta E, Annesi T, Pane A, Cooke DEL, Cacciola SO. 2003. A new Phytophthora sp. causing a basal canker on beech in Italy. Plant Disease 87:1005.
   Google Scholar
• Page RDM. 1996. TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences 12:357–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parke JL, Knaus BJ, Fieland VJ, Lewis C, Grünwald NJ. 2014. Phytophthora community structure analyses in Oregon nurseries inform systems approaches to disease management. Phytopathology 104:1052–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Sierra A, López-García C, León M, García-Jiménez J, Abad-Campos P, Jung T. 2013. Previously unrecorded low-temperature Phytophthora species associated with Quercus decline in a Mediterranean forest in eastern Spain. Forest Pathology 43:331–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson E, Hansen E, Hulbert J. 2014. Source or Sink? The role of soil and water borne inoculum in the dispersal of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tanoak forests. Forest Ecosystems and Management 322:48–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pintos C, Mansilla JP. 2012. First report of Phytophthora ilicis causing twig blight on holly in Spain. New Disease Reports 26:16.
   Google Scholar
• Pintos Varela C, Mansilla Vázquez JP, Aguín Casal O, Rial Martínez C. 2007. First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae on chestnut nursery stock in Spain. Plant Disease 91:1517.
   Google Scholar
• Prospero S, Hansen EM, Grunwald NJ, Winton LM. 2007. Population dynamics of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon from 2001 to 2004. Molecular Ecology 16:2958–2973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punja ZK, Ormrod DJ. 1979. New or noteworthy plant diseases in coastal British Columbia 1975 to 1977. Canadian Plant Disease Survey 59:23.
   Google Scholar
• Reeser PW, Hansen EM, Sutton W. 2013. Phytophthora pluvialis, a new species from mixed tanoak-Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon U.S.A. North American Fungi 8:1–8, doi: 10.2509/naf2013.008.007.
   Google Scholar
• Reeser PW, Hansen EM, Sutton W, Remigi P, Adams GC. 2011a. Phytophthora species in forest streams in Oregon and Alaska. Mycologia 103:22–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeser PW, Sutton W, Hansen EM. 2008. Phytophthora species causing tanoak stem cankers in southwestern Oregon. Plant Disease 92:1252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeser PW, Sutton W, Hansen EM. 2011b. Phytophthora species in tanoak trees, canopy-drip, soil, and streams in the sudden oak death epidemic area of south-western Oregon, USA. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 41:S65–S73.
   Google Scholar
• Redondo MÁ, Boberg J, Stenlid J, Oliva J. 2016. First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae causing basal cankers on horse chestnut in Sweden. Plant Disease 100:1024.
   Google Scholar
• Redondo MÁ, Oliva J. 2016. First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae causing stem canker on Fagus sylvatica in Spain. Plant Disease 100:1508.
   Google Scholar
• Scanu B, Jones B, Webber JF. 2012. A new disease of Nothofagus in Britain caused by Phytophthora pseudosyringae. New Disease Reports 25:27, doi: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.025.027.
   Google Scholar
• Scanu B, Linaldeddu BT, Franceschini A. 2010. First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae associated with ink disease of Castanea sativa in Italy. Plant Disease 94:1068.
   Google Scholar
• Scanu B, Linaldeddu BT, Perez-Sierra A, Deidda A, Franceschini A. 2014. Phytophthora ilicis as a leaf and stem pathogen of Ilex aquifolium in Mediterranean islands. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 53:480–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanu B, Webber J. 2015. Ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of Phytophthora pseudosyringae, causal agent of severe dieback and mortality of Nothofagus trees in Britain. Plant Patholology 65:26–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims LL, Goheen E, Kanaskie A, Hansen EM. 2015a. Canopy dieback of alder in western Oregon riparian ecosystems is associated with Phytophthora canker and other damaging agents. Northwest Science 89:34–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims LL, Sutton W, Reeser P, Hansen EM. 2015b. The Phytophthora species assemblage and diversity in riparian alder ecosystems of western Oregon, USA. Mycologia 107:889–902, doi: 10.3852/14-255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton W, Hansen EM, Reeser PW, Kanaskie A. 2009. Stream monitoring for detection of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon tanoak forests. Plant Disease 93:1182–1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swiecki TJ, Bernhardt EA, Garbelotto M. 2003. First report of root and crown rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi affecting native stands of Arctostaphylos myrtifolia and A. viscida in California. Plant Disease 87:1395.
   Google Scholar
• Tamura K, Nei M. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10:512–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannini A, Bruni N, Tomassini A, Franceschini S, Vettraino AM. 2013. Pyrosequencing of environmental soil samples reveals biodiversity of the Phytophthora resident community in chestnut forests. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 85:433–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werres S, Marwitz R, Man in’t Veld WA, de Cock AW, Bonants AM, de Weerdt PJM, Themann MK, Ilieva E, Baayen RP. 2001. Phytophthora ramorum sp. nov., a new pathogen on Rhododendron and Viburnum. Mycological Research 105:1155–1165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Wickland AC, Jensen CE, Rizzo DM. 2008. Geographic distribution, disease symptoms and pathogenicity of Phytophthora nemorosa and Phytophthora pseudosyringae in California, USA. Forest Pathology 38:288–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winton LM, Hansen EM. 2001. Molecular diagnosis of Phytophthora lateralis in trees, water, and foliage baits using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Forest Pathology 31:275–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakabe LE, Blomquist CL, Thomas SL, MacDonald JD. 2009. Identification and frequency of Phytophthora species associated with foliar diseases in California ornamental nurseries. Plant Disease 93:883–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar