A phylogenetic overview of Squamanita, with descriptions of nine new species and four new combinations

LITERATURE CITED

• Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L, Nilsson RH, Vellak K, Saar I, Veldre V, Parmasto E, Prous M, Aan A, Ots M, et al. 2010. PlutoF – a web based workbench for ecological and taxonomic research, with an online implementation for fungal ITS sequences. Evol. Bioinform. 6:189–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arauzo S. 2008. Squamanita paradoxa recolectada en el Pais Vasco. Revista micológica Errotari. 5:31–35.
   Google Scholar
• Argaud D, Wiest R. 2018. Première récolte dans le Nord-Est de la France d’une espèce aussi spectaculaire que rarissime: Squamanita pearsonii Bas (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). (Contribution n° 66 au Programme national d’Inventaire mycologique et de Cartographie des Mycota français). Bulletin annuel de la Fédération Mycologique de L’Est. 16:38–52.
   Google Scholar
• Bas C. 1965. The genus Squamanita. Persoonia. 3(3):331–59.
   Google Scholar
• Bas C, Læssøe T. 1999. Squamanita granulifera sp. nov. A first record of Squamanita (Agaricales) from South America. Kew Bull. 54(3):811–15.
   Google Scholar
• Bas C, Thoen D. 1998. Squamanita citricolor, a new species from Central Africa. Persoonia. 17:135–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bon M. 1999. Flore mycologique d’Europe 5. Les Collybio-Marasmïoïdes et ressemblants ordre Tricholomatales, sous ordre Collybiineae. Documents Mycologiques Mémoire Hors, Série. 5:1–171.
   Google Scholar
• Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F, Eds. 1995. Fungi of Switzerland 4. Luzern: Edition Mykologia Lucerne.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson R-G. 2020. Squamanita pearsonii funnen i Axvall (Västergötland, S. Sweden). Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift. 41:46–48.
   Google Scholar
• Červenka J, Kautmanova I. 2007. Rare record of Squamanita schreieri. Catathelasma. 9:5–9.
   Google Scholar
• Cervini M, Gulden G, Bendiksen E, Brandrud TE. 2009. A second find of the mycoparasitic agaric Squamanita fimbriata, and a note on the conservation of its locus classicus. Agarica. 28:6–13.
   Google Scholar
• Cool C. 1918. Lepiota odorata n. sp. Mededeelingen van de Nederlandsche Mycologische Vereeniging. 9:47–52.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper JA. 2016. PDD49071, Specimen Notes, May 2016. Available at: https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/PDD_49071
   Google Scholar
• Dentinger BTM, Margaritescu S, Moncalvo J-M. 2010. Rapid and reliable high throughput methods of DNA extraction for use in barcoding and molecular systematics of mushrooms. Mol Ecol Resour. 10(4):628–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraiture A, Leclerque A, Decock C. 2019. Squamanita paradoxa, a nice addition to the Belgian mycoflora. Sterbeeckia. 35:84–89.
   Google Scholar
• Garbelotto MM, Lee HK, Slaughter G, Popenuck T, Cobb FW, Bruns TD. 1997. Heterokaryosis is not required for virulence of Heterobasidion annosum. Mycologia. 89(1):92–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardes M, Bruns TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology. 2(2):113–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnica S, Weiss M, Walther G, Oberwinkler F. 2007. Reconstructing the evolution of agarics from nuclear gene sequences and basidiospore ultrastructure. Mycol Res. 111(9):1019–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee H. 1995. Mycological mystery tour. Nature. 375(6529):276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson I. 2019. Squamanita in the Pacific Northwest. [accessed 2021 Aug 20]. https://www.svims.ca/council/Squama.htm
   Google Scholar
• Gminder A. 2020. Rhodophana stangliana und Squamanita contortipes, zwei selten berichtete mykoparasitische Basidiomyzeten aus der Gattung Squamanita s.l. Zeitschrift für Mykologie. 86(1):23–34.
   Google Scholar
• Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O. 2010. SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol. Biol. Evol. 27(2):221–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith G. 2019. Squamanita pearsonii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T147534726A148204367. [accessed 2020 Aug 7]. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147534726A148204367.en
   Google Scholar
• Griffith GW, Gajda KP, Detheridge AP, Douglas B, Bingham J, Turner A, Bowmaker V, Evans DA, McAdoo WG, Dentinger BTM. 2019. Strangler unmasked: parasitism of Cystoderma amianthinum by Squamanita paradoxa and S. pearsonii. Fungal Ecol. 39:131–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulden G, Bendiksen E, Brandrud TE. 1977. A new agaric, Squamanita fimbriata sp. nov., and a first find of S. odorata in Norway. Norwegian J. Bot. 24:155–58.
   Google Scholar
• Halama M. 2016. Squamanita odorata (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), new mycoparasitic fungus for Poland. Pol. Bot. J. 61(1):181–86.
   Google Scholar
• Harmaja H. 1988. Studies on the agaric genera Singerocybe n. gen. and Squamanita. Karstenia. 27(2):71–75.
   Google Scholar
• Hausner G, Reid J, Klassen GR. 1993. On the subdivision of Ceratocystis s.l., based on partial ribosomal DNA sequences. Can. J. Bot. 71(1):52–63.
   Google Scholar
• Henrici A. 2005. Further notes on Squamanita. Field Mycol. 6(1):13–14.
   Google Scholar
• Henrici A. 2013. Squamanita in Britain and Europe. Field Mycol. 14(2):56–63.
   Google Scholar
• Holden EM. 2005. Squamanita pearsonii collected in Aberdeenshire. Field Mycol. 6(1):10–11.
   Google Scholar
• Horak E. 1968. Synopsis generum Agaricalium. Beiträge zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. 13:1–741.
   Google Scholar
• Imai S. 1933. Studies on the Agaricaceae of Japan I. Volvate agarics in Hokkaido. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 47(558):423–32.
   Google Scholar
• Imazeki R, Hongo T. Eds, 1987. Colored illustrations of mushrooms of Japan. Vol. 1. Osaka: Hoikusha; p. 160–161, no. 286; Pl. 43, fig. 286. [In Japanese]
   Google Scholar
• Imazeki R, Otani Y, Hongo T. Eds, 1988. Nihon no kinoko [Fungi of Japan]. Tokyo: Yamakei; p. 197. [In Japanese].
   Google Scholar
• Imbach EJ. 1946. Pilzflora des Kantons Luzern und der angrenzen Innerschweiz. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Luzern. 15:5–85.
   Google Scholar
• IUCN. 2012. IUCN red list categories and Criteria, version 3.1. Second. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv +. 32.
   Google Scholar
• Jülich W. 1981. Higher taxa of basidiomycetes. Bibl. Mycol. 85:1–485.
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman J, Kirk PM, Matheny PB. 2020. A compendium of generic names of agarics and Agaricales. Taxon. 69(3):425–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh K, Standley DM. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(4):722–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kautmanova I. 2019. Squamanita schreieri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T70406908A70406916 [accessed 2020 Aug 7]. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T70406908A70406916.en
   Google Scholar
• Kluting KL, Baroni TJ, Bergemann SE. 2014. Toward a stable classification of genera within the Entolomataceae: a phylogenetic re-evaluation of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade. Mycologia. 106(6):1127–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kõljalg U, Nilsson H, Abarenkov K, Tedersoo L, Taylor AFS, Bahram M, Bates ST, Bruns TT, Bengtsson-Palme J, Callaghan TM, et al. 2013. Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of Fungi. Mol. Ecol. 22(21):5271–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kõljalg U, Nilsson HR, Schigel D, Tedersoo L, Larsson K-H, May TW, Taylor AFS, Jeppesen TS, Frøslev TG, Lindahl BD, et al. 2020. The Taxon Hypothesis Paradigm — on the Unambiguous Detection and Communication of Taxa. Microorganisms. 8(12):1910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1967. Methuen handbook of colour. 2nd. London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1974. Farver i farver. København: Politikens Forlag.
   Google Scholar
• Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of colour. 3rd. London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Krieglsteiner L. 1999. Squamanita contortipes neu für Deutschland. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pilze Mitteleuropas. plate. 13:15–17.
   Google Scholar
• Læssøe T. 2008. Squamanita Imbach. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J, editors. Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp; p. 516–18.
   Google Scholar
• Læssøe T. 2012a. Pearsons Knoldfod (Squamanita pearsonii) fundet som ny for Danmark i Nordvestsjælland. Svampe. 65:38.
   Google Scholar
• Læssøe T. 2012b. Funga Nordica. Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J, editors. Squamanita Imbach. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp; p. 657–59.
   Google Scholar
• Læssøe T, Petersen JH. 2019. Fungi of temperate Europe 1. Princeton (USA) and Oxford (UK): Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lange C, Læssøe T. 1989. Gulstokket knoldfod (Squamanita paradoxa) - et sjældent og mærkeligt fund. Svampe. 19:35–36.
   Google Scholar
• Leach J. 2013. Squamanita odorata found in Britain. Field Mycol. 14(2):53–55.
   Google Scholar
• Liu J-W, Z-w G, Horak E, Vizzini A, Halling RE, Pan C-L, Yang ZL. 2021. Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes. IMA Fungus. 12(1):4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locquin M. 1984. Mycologie générale et structurale. Bd. Saint-Germain, Paris: Masson.
   Google Scholar
• Maruyama K. 2020. Squamanita pearsonii Bas. [accessed 2021 Aug 20]. http://www.ne.jp/asahi/mushroom/tokyo/Mycena/pearsonii/pearsonii-page.htm
   Google Scholar
• Matheny PB, Griffith GW. 2010. Mycoparasitism between Squamanita paradoxa and Cystoderma amianthinum (Cystodermateae, Agaricales). Mycoscience. 51(6):456–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mighell KS, Henkel TW, Koch RA, Goss A, Aime MC. 2019. New species of Amanita subgen. Lepidella from Guyana. Fungal Evolution and Systematics. 3(1):1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T. 2010. Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE) 14 Nov 2010, New Orleans, LA. p. 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Moncalvo J-M, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Aime MC, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJW, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, et al. 2002. One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 23(3):357–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondiet N, Dubois M-P, Selosse M-A. 2007. The enigmatic Squamanita odorata (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is parasitic on Hebeloma mesophaeum. Mycol Res. 111(5):599–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasawa E, Hongo T, Narita D. 1990. Squamanita odorata (Agaricales) from Japan. Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute. 28:135–41.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson RH, Kristiansson E, Ryberg M, Hallenberg N, Larsson K-H. 2008. Intraspecific ITS Variability in the Kingdom Fungi as expressed in the international sequence databases and its implications for molecular species identification. Evol. Bioinform. 4:193–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson RH, Larsson K-H, Taylor AFS, Bengtsson-Palme J, Jeppesen TS, Schigel D, Kennedy P, Picard K, Glöckner FO, Tedersoo L, et al. 2019. The UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi: handling dark taxa and parallel taxonomic classifications. Nucleic Acids Res. 47(D1):D259–D264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nylander JAA. 2004. MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
   Google Scholar
• Rambaut A, Drummond AJ, Xie D, Baele G, Suchard MA. 2018. Tracer 1.7.1. [software]. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/
   Google Scholar
• Rambaut A. 2018. FigTree 1.4.4. [software]. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/
   Google Scholar
• Rayner RW. 1970. A mycological colour chart. Kew (Surrey, UK): CMI and British Mycological Society; p. 34.
   Google Scholar
• Redhead SA. 1989. A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora. Can. J. Bot. 67(10):3003–62.
   Google Scholar
• Redhead SA, Ammirati JF, Walker GR, Norvell LL, Puccio MB. 1994. Squamanita contortipes, the rosetta stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus. Can. J. Bot. 72(12):1812–24.
   Google Scholar
• Reid DA. 1983. A second British collection of Squamanita paradoxa. Bulletin of the British Mycological Society. 17(2):111–13.
   Google Scholar
• Ridley GS. 2012. Spores, Moulds, and Fungi, https://sporesmouldsandfungi.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/the-pouch-strangler-squamanita-squarrulosa/ ( accessed on 4th September 2021).
   Google Scholar
• Ronquist F, Teslenko M, van der MP, Ayres DL, Darling A, Höhna S, Larget B, Liu L, Suchard MA, Huelsenbeck JP. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61(3):539–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saar I, Põldmaa K, Kõljalg U. 2009. The phylogeny and taxonomy of genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella (Agaricales) based on nuclear ITS and LSU sequences. Mycol. Prog. 8(1):59–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saar I. 2012. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Cystoderma and Cystodermella (Agaricales, Fungi). Dissertationes biologicae Universitatis Tartuensis 210. Tartu University Press. Available at: https://dspace.ut.ee/handle/10062/23056
   Google Scholar
• Saar I, Voitk A. 2015. Type studies of two Tricholomopsis species described by Peck. Mycol. Prog. 14(7):46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saar I, Mešić A, Tkalčec Z, Peintner U, Kušan I. 2016. Cystoderma carpaticum (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a rare fungus newly recorded from Croatia. Phytotaxa. 269(1):21–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreier L. 1938a. Tricholoma X) Ein unbekannter Ritterling? Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde. 16(7):97–100. plate 2. [ plate 2 republished in Henrici 2013.]
   Google Scholar
• Schreier L. 1938b. Tricholoma X) Ein unbekannter Ritterling? Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde. 16(12):177–80.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons C, Henkel TW, Bas C. 2002. The genus Amanita in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Persoonia. 17:563–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer R. 1951. The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Lilloa. 22:1–832.
   Google Scholar
• Singer R. 1973. Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium III. Beihefte zur Sydowia. 7:1–106.
   Google Scholar
• Singer R. 1975. The agaricales in modern taxonomy. 3rd ed. Vaduz (Liechtenstein): J. Cramer.
   Google Scholar
• Singer R. 1986. The agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th ed. Koenigstein (Germany): Koeltz Scientific Books.
   Google Scholar
• Smith AH, Singer R. 1948. Notes on the genus Cystoderma. Mycologia. 40(4):454–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamatakis A. 2014. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 30(9):1312–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stridvall L, Stridvall A. 1994. Släktet Squamanita Imbach i Sverige. Jordstjärnan. 15(1):24–37.
   Google Scholar
• Stuntz DE, Isaacs BF. 1962. Pacific Northwestern fungi 1. Mycologia. 54(3):272–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumstine DR. 1914. New or interesting fungi. Mycologia. 6(1):32–36.
   Google Scholar
• Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(12):2725–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedersoo L, Jairus T, Horton BM, Abarenkov K, Suvi T, Saar I, Kõljalg U. 2008. Strong host preference of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Tasmanian wet sclerophyll forest as revealed by DNA barcoding and taxon-specific primers. New Phytol. 180(2):479–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedersoo L, Anslan S, Bahram M, Drenkhan R, Pritsch K, Buegger F, Padari A, Hagh-Doust N, Mikryukov V, Gohar D, et al. 2020. Abarenkov K. regional-scale in-depth analysis of soil fungal diversity reveals strong pH and plant species effects in Northern Europe. Front Microbiol. 11:1953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Bahram M, Khalid AN, Corrales A, Agan A, Vasco-Palacios AM, Saitta A, Antonelli A, et al. 2021. The global soil mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research. Fungal Divers. 111(1):573–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiers B. continuously updated. Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [accessed 2021 Aug 20]. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
   Google Scholar
• Thorn RG, Malloch DW, Saar I, Lamoureux Y, Nagasawa E, Redhead SA, Margaritescu S, Moncalvo J-M. 2020. New species in the Gymnopilus junonius group (Basidiomycota: Agaricales). Botany. 98(6):293–315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Heerden P, Thorn G, Voitk A. 2018. Squamanita pearsonii. Omphalina. 9(1):3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Varga T, Krizsán K, Földi C, Dima B, Sánchez-García M, Sánchez-Ramírez, S, Szöllosi, GJ, Szarkándi, JG, Papp, V, Albert, L, et al. 2019. Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3(4):668–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vellinga E. 2004. Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycol Res. 108(4):354–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilgalys R, Hester M. 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol. 172(8):4238–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vizzini S, Girlanda M. 1997. Squamanita umbonata (Sumst.) Bas, a mycoparasite of Inocybe oblectabilis (Britz.) Sacc. — preliminary note. Allionia. 35:171–75.
   Google Scholar
• Vizzini A, Consiglio G, Marchetti M. 2019. Mythicomycetaceae fam. Nov. (Agaricineae, Agaricales) for accommodating the genera Mythicomyces and Stagnicola, and Simocybe parvispora reconsidered. Fungal Systematics and Evolution. 3(1):41–56.
   Google Scholar
• Vu D, Groenewald M, de Vries M, Gehrmann T, Stielow B, Eberhardt U, Al-Hatmi A, Groenewald JZ, Cardinali G, Houbraken J, et al. 2019. Large-scale generation and analysis of filamentous fungal DNA barcodes boosts coverage for kingdom fungi and reveals thresholds for fungal species and higher taxon delimitation. Stud. Mycol. 92(1):135–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watling R. 1974. Notes on some British agarics: IV. notes from the Royal Botanic Garden. Edinburgh. 33:325–31.
   Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, editors. PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. London, UK: Academic Press; p. 315–22.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao RL, Jeewon R, Desjardin DE, Soytong K, Hyde KD. 2007. Ribosomal DNA phylogenies of Cyathus: is the current infrageneric classification appropriate? Mycologia. 99(3):385–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar