5,620
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Implications of removing or altering the testicles of ram lambs on the financial returns from carcasses

, &
Pages 135-143 | Received 04 Sep 2009, Published online: 03 Jun 2010

References

  • Agridata 2008 . Lamb price trends . www.agridata.co.nz/news8.asp (accessed 2 October 2008) .
  • Anonymous 2008 . Lobby calls for target of $150 per lamb . www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10534870&ref=rss (accessed 2 October 2008) .
  • Bianchi , G and Garibotto , G . 2000 . Comentarios sobre la manipulación del sexo y su efecto sobre el crecimiento de corderos . Cangué , 19 : 26 – 28 .
  • Bradford , GE and Spurlock , GM . 1964 . Effects of castrating lambs on growth and body composition . Animal Production , 6 : 291 – 299 .
  • Campbell , IP and Phillips , ML . 1998 . Cryptorchids have no more skin or carcase damage than other lambs . Animal Production in Australia , 22 : 288
  • Carpenter , ZL , King , GT , Shelton , M and Butler , OD . 1969 . Indices for estimating cutability of wether, ram and ewe lamb carcasses . Journal of Animal Science , 28 : 180 – 186 .
  • Channon HA , Lyons R , Bruce H 2003 . Sheepmeat flavour and odour: a review. Sheep CRC Project Number Sheep CRC 1.3.2 www.sheepcrc.org.au/images/pdfs/CRC1/CRC1_Meat/SMEQ/Sheepmeat_flavour_review.pdf (accessed 17 September 2008) .
  • Clutton-Brock , J . 1999 . A natural history of domesticated mammals , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Corbett , JL , Furnival , EP , Southcott , WH , Park , RJ and Shorthose , WR . 1973 . Induced cryptorchidism in lambs. Effects on growth rate, carcass and meat characteristics . Animal Production , 16 : 157 – 163 .
  • Crouse , JD , Field , RA , Chant , JL Jr , Ferrell , CL , Smith , GM and Harrison , VL . 1978 . Effect of dietary energy intake on carcass composition and palatability of different weight carcasses from ewe and ram lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 47 : 1207 – 1218 .
  • Crouse , JD , Busboom , JR , Field , RA and Ferrell , CL . 1981 . The effects of breed, diet, sex, location and slaughter weight on lamb growth, carcass composition and meat flavor . Journal of Animal Science , 53 : 376 – 386 .
  • Devine , CE , Lowe , TE , Wells , RW , Edwards , NJ , Hocking Edwards , JE , Starbuck , TJ and Speck , PA . 2006 . Pre-slaughter stress arising from on-farm handling and its interactions with electrical stimulation on tenderness of lambs . Meat Science , 73 : 304 – 312 .
  • Dransfield , E , Nute , GR , Hogg , BW and Walters , BR . 1990 . Carcass and eating quality of ram, castrated ram and ewe lambs . Animal Production , 50 : 291 – 299 .
  • Egan , JP and Russell , DW . 1981 . Growth and wool production of wethers and induced cryptorchids in a Poll Merino flock . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry , 21 : 268 – 271 .
  • Everitt , GC and Jury , KE . 1966a . Effects of sex and gonadectomy on the growth and development of Southdown×Romney cross lambs. Part I. Effects on live-weight growth and components of live weight . The Journal of Agricultural Science , 66 : 1 – 14 .
  • Everitt , GC and Jury , KE . 1966b . Effects of sex and gonadectomy on the growth and development of Southdown×Romney cross lambs. Part II. Effects on carcass grades, measurements and chemical composition . Journal of Agricultural Science , 66 : 15 – 27 .
  • FAWC (Farm Animal Welfare Council) 2008 . Report on the implications of castration and tail docking for the welfare of lambs . www.fawc.org.uk/pdf/report-080630.pdf (accessed 24 July 2008) .
  • Fogarty , NM , Hopkins , DL and van de Ven , R . 2000 . Lamb production from diverse genotypes. 2. Carcass characteristics . Animal Science , 70 : 147 – 156 .
  • Foster , FM , Jackson , RB , Hopkins , DL and Corkrey , R . 1997 . Production and management considerations of running wethers, hemi-castrates and induced cryptorchids for wool production . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 37 : 303 – 310 .
  • Gatford , KL , Fletcher , TP , Clarke , IJ , Owens , PC , Quinn , KJ , Walton , PE , Grant , PA , Hosking , BJ , Egan , AR and Ponnampalam , EN . 1996 . Sexual dimorphism of circulating somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor I and II, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and insulin: relationships to growth rate and carcass characteristics in growing lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 74 : 1314 – 1325 .
  • Glimp , HA . 1971 . Effects of sex alteration, breed, type of rearing and creep feeding on lamb growth . Journal of Animal Science , 32 : 859 – 862 .
  • Glucksmann , A . 1974 . Sexual dimorphism in mammals . Biological Reviews , 49 : 423 – 475 .
  • Gregory , NG . 1998 . Animal welfare and meat science , Wallingford, , UK : CABI Publishing .
  • Hopkins , DL , Gilbert , KD and Saunders , KL . 1990 . The performance of short scrotum and wether lambs born in winter or spring and run at pasture in northern Tasmania . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 30 : 165 – 170 .
  • Hopkins , DL , Jackson , RB and Roberts , AHK . 1992 . Comparison of a modified cryptorchid treatment and castration: effect of growth, wool production, posthitis, testosterone production and development of masculine characteristics . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 32 : 443 – 446 .
  • Hudson , LW , Glimp , HA , Woolfolk , PG , Kemp , JD and Reese , CM . 1968 . Effect of induced cryptorchidism at different weights on performance and carcass traits of lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 27 : 45 – 47 .
  • Johnson , PL , Kenyon , PR , Burnham , DL and West , DM . 2007 . To wether—short scrotum or leave lambs as entire rams? Revisiting an old question using new genetics . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 67 : 44 – 47 .
  • Kemp , JD , Crouse , JD , Deweese , W and Moody , WG . 1970 . Effect of slaughter weight and castration on carcass characteristics of lambs . Journal of Animal Science , 30 : 348 – 354 .
  • Kirton , AH , Clarke , JN and Hickey , SM . 1982 . A comparison of the composition and carcass quality of Kelly and Russian castrate, ram, wether and ewe lambs . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 42 : 117 – 118 .
  • Kromann , RP and Ray , EE . 1967 . Energy metabolism in sheep as influenced by interactions among nutritional and genetic factors . Journal of Animal Science , 26 : 1379 – 1384 .
  • Kuruwita VY 1981 . Studies on pubertal development in boars and rams: effects of hemicastration and artificial cryptorchidism on hormone secretory patterns and development of reproductive organs . PhD thesis , Massey University , Palmerston North, NZ .
  • LeValley SB , DeWalt MS , Huffhines CP , Tatum JD , Smith GC 1994 . Comparison of short-scrotum and wether lambs for growth and carcass characteristics . Sheep Research Journal 10 : 1 5 . www.livestock.colostate.edu/documents/sheep/Short%20Scrotum.pdf (accessed 14 December 2009) .
  • Lirette , A , Seoane , JR , Minvielle , F and Froehlich , D . 1984 . Effects of breed and castration on conformation, classification, tissue distribution, composition and quality of lamb carcasses . Journal of Animal Science , 58 : 1343 – 1357 .
  • Lunstra , DD and Schanbacher , BD . 1988 . Testicular function and Leydig cell ultrastructure in long-term bilaterally cryptorchid rams . Biology of Reproduction , 38 : 211 – 220 .
  • Mellor , DJ and Stafford , KJ . 2000 . Acute castration and/or tailing distress and its alleviation in lambs . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 48 : 33 – 43 .
  • Mendenhall , VT and Ercanbrack , SK . 1979 . Influence of carcass weight, sex and breed on consumer acceptance of lamb . Journal of Food Science , 44 : 1063 – 1066 .
  • MWNZ (Meat & Wool New Zealand) 2008 . Sheep & beef new season outlook 2008–09 . Meat & Wool New Zealand, Wellington . www.meatnz.co.nz/main.cfm?id=261 (accessed 2 October 2008) .
  • NAWAC (National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee) 2005 . Animal welfare (painful husbandry procedures) code of welfare 2005 . Wellington , MAF .
  • Pattie , WA , Godlee , AC and Bouton , PE . 1964 . The effects of castration and of the poll gene on prime lamb production . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry , 4 : 386 – 391 .
  • Payne RW , Murray DA , Harding SA , Baird DB , Souter DM 2007 . Genstat for Windows, , 10th edn . Hemel Hempstead, , UK , VSN International .
  • Prescott , JHD and Lamming , GE . 1964 . The effects of castration on meat production in cattle, sheep and pigs . Journal of Agricultural Science , 63 : 341 – 357 .
  • Priolo , A , Micol , D and Agabriel , J . 2001 . Effects of grass feeding systems on ruminant meat colour and flavour. A review . Animal Research , 50 : 185 – 200 .
  • Probert , AD and Davies , AS . 1986 . A study of short scrotum, castrated and entire ram lambs . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 46 : 55 – 58 .
  • Purchas , RW . 1991 . “ Effect of sex and castration on growth and composition ” . In Growth regulation in farm animals , Edited by: Pearson , AM and Dutson , JR . 203 – 254 . London : Elsevier .
  • Ray , EE and Belling , TH Jr . 1967 . The effects of shortening the scrotum on growth rate in lambs . Growth , 31 : 39 – 42 .
  • Schanbacher , BD and Ford , JJ . 1976 . Luteinizing hormone, testosterone, growth and carcass responses to sexual alteration in the ram . Journal of Animal Science , 43 : 638 – 643 .
  • Scott Young , R and Dolling , CHS . 1972 . Effects of induced cryptorchidism on lamb weaning and carcase weights . Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry , 12 : 600 – 603 .
  • Sibanda S , Kiwanuka VB , Smith T 1989 . Effects of sexual condition and dietary protein level of feedlot performance of lambs in Zimbabwe . Wilson RT , Azeb M African small ruminant research and development . Addis Ababa, , Ethiopia , ICLA . www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/AnGenResCD/docs/X5489B/x5489b0s.htm (accessed 11 December 2008) .
  • Tarbotton , IS , Bray , AR and Wilson , JA . 2002 . Incidence and perceptions of cryptorchid lambs in 2000 . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 62 : 334 – 336 .
  • Turton , JD . 1962 . The effect of castration on meat production and quality in cattle, sheep and pigs . Animal Breeding Abstracts , 30 : 447 – 456 .
  • Turton , JD . 1969 . “ The effect of castration on meat production from cattle, sheep and pigs ” . In Meat production from entire male animals , Edited by: Rhodes , D . 1 – 12 . London : J & A Churchill .
  • Vesely , JA . 1973 . Growth rates, carcass grades, and fat composition in ram lambs, wether lambs, and induced cryptorchids . Canadian Journal of Animal Science , 53 : 187 – 192 .
  • Wilson , LL , Varela-Alvarez , H , Rugh , MC and Borger , ML . 1972 . Growth and carcass characters of rams, cryptorchids, wethers and ewes subcutaneously implanted with zeranol . Journal of Animal Science , 34 : 336 – 338 .
  • Wyborn , LG , Reed , HL and Duganzich , DM . 1992 . Effect of animal sex and size on effort when pelting lambs . Meat Science , 31 : 95 – 102 .
  • Young , OA , Braggins , TJ , West , J and Lane , GA . 1999 . “ Animal production origins of some meat color and flavor attributes ” . In Quality attributes of muscle foods , Edited by: Xiong , YL , Ho , C-T and Shahidi , F . 11 – 28 . New York : Kluwer Academic & Plenum .
  • Young , OA , Lane , GA , Podmore , C , Fraser , K , Agnew , MJ , Cummings , TL and Cox , NR . 2006 . Changes in composition and quality characteristics of ovine meat and fat from castrates and rams aged to 2 years . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 49 : 419 – 430 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.