Effect of spring grazing management on perennial ryegrass and ryegrass‐white clover pastures

References

• Barthram , G. T. and Grant , S. A. 1994 . Seasonal variation in growth characteristics of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens in swards under different managements . Grass and forage science , 49 : 487 – 495 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bircham , J. S. and Hodgson , J. 1983 . The influence of sward conditions on rates of herbage growth and senescence in mixed swards under continuous grazing management . Grass and forage science , 38 : 323 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , B. M. , Matthew , C and Heerdegen , R. 1990 . The greenhouse effect—what consequences for seasonality of pasture production . Weather and climate , 10 : 55 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Cowie , J. D. 1972 . Soil and agriculture of Kairanga Country, North Island, New Zealand , Soil Bureau bulletin no. 33 Wellington : DSIR .
   Google Scholar
• Cowie , J. D. , Kear , B. S. and Orbell , G. E. 1978 . Soil map of Kairanga Country, North Island, New Zealand . Scale , 1 ( 63 ) : 360 N. Z. Soil Bureau map 102.
   Google Scholar
• Da Silva , S. C. 1994 . A study of spring grazing management effects on summer‐autumn pasture and milk production of perennial ryegrass‐white clover dairy swards , 188 Massey University . Unpubl. PhD thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Da Silva , S. C. , Matthew , C , Matthews , P. N. P. and Hodgson , J. Influence of spring grazing management on summer and autumn production of dairy pastures . Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress: . pp. 859 – 860 .
   Google Scholar
• Da Silva , S. C. , Hodgson , J. , Matthews , P. N. P. , Matthew , C and Holmes , C. W. 1994 . Effect of contrasting spring grazing management on summer‐autumn pasture and milk production of mixed ryegrass‐clover dairy swards . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 54 : 79 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , S. A. , Barthram , G. T. and Torvell , L. 1981 . Components of regrowth in grazed and cut Lolium perenne swards . Grass and forage science , 36 : 155 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , S. A. , Barthram , G. T. , Torvell , L. , King , J. and Smith , H. K. 1983 . Sward management, lamina turnover and tiller population density in continuously stocked Lolium perenne‐dominated swards . Grass and forage science , 38 : 333 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez Garay , A. 1995 . Defoliation management, tiller density and productivity in perennial ryegrass swards , 228 Massey University . Unpubl. PhD thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez Garay , A , Hodgson , J. and Matthew , C. 1993 . Spring grazing management and tiller dynamics in a ryegrass/white clover pasture . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 55 : 133 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez Garay , A , Hodgson , J. and Matthew , C. 1997 . Effect of the spring grazing management on perennial ryegrass‐white clover pasture. 2. Tiller and grazing period dynamics and population densities . New Zealand journal of agricultural research. , 40 : 37 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. 1982 . Grazing management of perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures in late spring . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 43 : 80 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. 1986 . Tillering in ‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass swards. 2. Seasonal pattern of tillering and age of flowering tillers with two mowing frequencies . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 29 : 629 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. and Harris , W. 1987 . Stolon development in grazed ‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 30 : 139 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. , Watkin , B. R. and Harris , W. 1982 . Use of residual leaf area index and light interception as criteria for spring‐grazing management of a ryegrass dominant pasture . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 25 : 309 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. , Watkin , B. R. and Harris , W. 1984 . Effects of the timing and intensity of spring grazings on reproductive development, tillering, and herbage production of perennial ryegrass dominant pasture . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 27 : 135 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte , C. J. , Watkin , B. R. and Harris , W. 1985 . Tillering in ‘Grasslands Nui’ perennial ryegrass swards. 1. Effect of cutting treatments on tiller appearance and longevity, the relationship between tiller age and weight, and herbage production . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 28 : 437 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L'Huillier , P. J. 1987 . Effect of dairy cattle stocking rate and degree of defoliation on herbage accumulation and quality in ryegrass‐white clover pasture . New Zealand journal of agricultural research , 30 : 149 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthew , C. 1991 . “Late Control"—what is it, and why should it work? ” . In Dairyfarming annual , Palmerston North, , New Zealand : Massey University .
   Google Scholar
• Matthew , C. 1992 . A study of seasonal root and tiller dynamics in swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) , 247 Palmerston North, , New Zealand : Massey University . Unpubl. PhD thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Matthew , C , Quilter , S. J. , Korte , C. J. , Chu , A. C. P. and Mackay , A. D. 1989a . Stolon formation and significance for tiller dynamics in perennial ryegrass . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 50 : 255 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Matthew , C , Xia , J. X. , Hodgson , J. and Chu , A. C. P. Effect of late spring grazing management on tiller age profiles and summer‐autumn pasture growth rates in a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sward . Proceedings of the XVI International Grassland Congress: . pp. 521 – 522 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , C. J. and Zarrough , K. M. 1981 . “ Tiller density and tiller weight as yield determinants of vegetative swards ” . In Plant physiology and herbage production , Occasional Symposium 13 Edited by: Wright , C. E. 25 – 29 . Hurley : British Grassland Society .
   Google Scholar
• SAS . 1988 . SAS user's guide, release , 6.03 edition , Cary, North Caroline, , USA : Statistical Analysis System Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , R. F. , Evans , L. T. and Ludwig , L. J. 1964 . Estimation of leaf area for clover and lucerne . Australian journal of agricultural research , 15 : 231 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Xia , J. X. 1991 . The effects of defoliation on tissue turnover and pasture production in perennial ryegrass, prairie grass and smooth brome grass pasture , Palmerston North, , New Zealand : Massey University . Unpubl. PhD thesis,
   Google Scholar
• Xia , J. X. , Hodgson , J. , Matthew , C and Chu , A. C. P. 1990 . Tiller population and tissue turnover in perennial ryegrass pasture under hard and lax spring and summer grazing . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association , 51 : 119 – 122 .
   Google Scholar