Influence of summer irrigation on soil invertebrate populations in a long-term sheep irrigation trial at Winchmore (Canterbury)

References

• Adams , ECG . 1971 . Ecological studies of microarthropods in a New Zealand pasture soil with special reference to Collembola. 1 . Pedobiologia , 11 : 321 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aqualink Research Ltd 2006 . Snapshot of water allocation in New Zealand . Christchurch, New Zealand, Aqualink Research Ltd, ME 782 . p. 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker GH 1992 . Optimising earthworm activity in soils . Proceedings of the XXXII Annual Conference of the Grassland Society of Victoria . Pp. 59 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker GH 1998 . Ecology, management and benefits of earthworms in agricultural soils . In: Edwards CA Earthworm ecology. Boca Raton . CRC Press LLC , FL , , USA . 229 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , GH , Barrett , VJ , Carter , PJ , Williams , PML and Buckerfield , JC . 1993 . Seasonal changes in the abundance of earthworms (Annelida: Lumbricidae and Acanthodrilidae) in soils used for cereal and lucerne production in South Australia . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 44 : 1291 – 1301 .
   Google Scholar
• Barley , KP and Kleinig , CR . 1964 . The occupation of newly irrigated lands by earthworms . Australian Journal of Science , 26 : 290 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Bezborodov , Khalbayeva . 1990 . Effects of earthworms on the agrochemical and hydrophysical properties of irrigated sierozems . Soviet Soil Science , 22 : 30 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell , PS and Blackwell , J . 1989 . The introduction of earthworms to an ameliorated, irrigated duplex soil in South-eastern Australia and the influence on macropores . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 27 : 807 – 814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongers , T . 1990 . The maturity index – an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition . Oecologia , 83 : 14 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman DC , Crossley DA , Hendrix PF 2004 . Fundamentals of soil ecology , Second edn Elsevier Academic Press , Los Angeles, CA , , USA . p. 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Curry , JP , Doherty , P , Purvis , G and Schmidt , O . 2008 . Relationships between earthworm populations and management intensity in cattle-grazed pastures in Ireland . Applied Soil Ecology , 39 : 58 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daughberger , P . 1988 . Temperature and moisture preference of three earthworm species (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) . Pedobiologia , 32 : 57 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , MJ , Maidment , DR and Campbell , FO . 1985 . Water use in the Valetta Irrigation Scheme, Canterbury, New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture , 13 : 395 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , CA . 1988 . Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms . Agricultural Ecosystems and Environment , 24 : 21 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards CA , Bohlen PJ 1996 . Biology and ecology of earthworms . Chapman and Hall , London , , UK . 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , CA , Bohlen , PJ , Linden , DR and Subler , S . 1995 . “ Earthworms in agroecosystems ” . In Earthworm ecology and biogeography in North America , Edited by: Hendrix , PF . 185 – 213 . Boca Raton, FL , , USA : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , CA and Lofty , JR . 1982 . Nitrogenous fertilizers and earthworm populations in agricultural soils . Soil Biology Biochemistry , 14 : 515 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser , PM , Haynes , RJ and Williams , PH . 1994 . Effects of pasture improvement and intensive cultivation on microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and composition and size of earthworm populations . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 17 : 185 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser PM , Piercy JE 1996 . Effects of summer irrigation on the seasonal activity, population size, composition and biomass of lumbricid earthworms in a long-term irrigation trial at Winchmore, New Zealand. Proceedings of ASSSI and NZSSS Conference . Pp. 89 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , PM and Piercy , JE . 1998 . The influence of different straw management practices on lumbricid earthworm populations . Applied Soil Ecology , 9 : 369 – 373 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnsey R , Buckerfield JC 1993 . Management of earthworms in agriculture . In : Temple-Smith MG , Pinkard T The role of earthworms in agriculture and land management. Report of National Workshop , June 1993 Tasmania , Australia , Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries .
   Google Scholar
• Gilyarov MS 1975 . The evaluation of large soil invertebrates (mesofauna) . In: Gilyarov MS Methods of study in soil zoology . Nauka , Moscow , , Russia . 12 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Goh , KM and Bruce , GE . 2005 . Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand . Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment , 110 : 230 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grishina LG 1991 . Duration of the life cycle of oribatid mites (Sarcoptiformes, Oribatei) . Sibirskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal (Siberian Biological Journal) 3 : 38 – 47 (in Russian with English abstract) .
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt AE 1992 . New Zealand soil classification . Lower Hutt, DSIR Land Resources Scientific Report . p. 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Lavelle P , Spain AV 2001 . Soil ecology . Dordrecht , Kluwer , , Netherlands 654
   Google Scholar
• Lee K 1985 . Earthworms: their ecology and relationships with soils and land use . Academic Press , Sydney , , Australia . 411 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg , N and Bengtsson , J . 2005 . Population responses of oribatid mites and collembolans after drought . Applied Soil Ecology , 28 : 163 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobry de Bruyn , LA and Kingston , TJ . 1997 . Effects of summer irrigation and trampling in dairy pastures on soil physical properties and earthworm number and species composition . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 48 : 1059 – 1079 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin NA 1978 . Earthworms in New Zealand agriculture . Proceedings of the 31st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference: 176–180 .
   Google Scholar
• McBride , SD . 1994 . Pasture yield responses to irrigation in Canterbury . Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association , 56 : 165 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• McDowell , RW and Rowley , D . 2008 . The fate of phosphorus under contrasting border-check irrigation regimes . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 46 : 309 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan , JH . 1969 . The ecology of the acarine and collembolan fauna of two New Zealand pastures . Pedobiologia , 9 : 372 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordstöm , Rundgren . 1974 . Environmental factors and lumbricid associations in Southern Sweden . Pedobiologia , 14 : 1 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SR , Cole CV , Wanatabe FS , Dean LA 1954 . Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium hydrogen carbonate . Washington, DC, USA, US Department of Agriculture. Circular 939 .
   Google Scholar
• Parmelee , RW and Crossley , DAJ . 1988 . Earthworm production and role in the nitrogen cycle of a no-tillage agroecosystem on the Georgia Piedmont . Pedobiologia , 32 : 351 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Reineke AJ , Visser FA 1980 . The influence of agricultural land practices on the population densities of Allolobophora trapezoides and Eisenia rosea (Oligochaeta) in Southern Africa . In : LD Dindal Soil biology as related to land use practices . Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, DC , , USA . 310 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Rickard , DS , McBride , SD and Fitzgerald , PD . 1986 . The effect of soil moisture deficits on pasture yield . New Zealand Agricultural Science , 20 : 7 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Schon , NL , Mackay , AD , Minor , MA , Yeates , GW and Hedley , MJ . 2008 . Soil fauna in grazed New Zealand hill country pastures at two management intensities . Applied Soil Ecology , 40 : 218 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims RW , Gerard BM 1985 . Earthworms . Linnaean Society , London , , UK 171 .
   Google Scholar
• Snaydon RW 1987 . Managed grasslands: analytical studies. Ecosystems of the world . 17 . Elsevier , Amsterdam , , Netherlands 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Springett , JA . 1992 . Distribution of lumbricid earthworms in New Zealand . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 24 : 1377 – 1381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart DPC , Metherell AK 1999 . Long-term influence of management practices on soil carbon of pastoral ecosystems . Proceedings of the Fertiliser and Lime Research Centre Conference 12 : 317 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• Tisdall , JM . 1985 . Earthworms activity in irrigated red-brown earths used for annual crops in Victoria . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 23 : 291 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verschoor , BC . 2002 . Carbon and nitrogen budgets of plant-feeding nematodes in grasslands of different productivity . Applied Soil Ecology , 20 : 15 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt JPC , Burgham SJ 1992 . Physical properties of eight soils of the Lincoln area, Canterbury . DSIR Land Resource Technical Record 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 1976 . Earthworm population of a pasture spray-irrigated with dairy shed effluent . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 19 : 387 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 1978 . Populations of nematode genera in soils under pasture. I. Seasonal dynamics in dryland and irrigated pastures on a southern yellow-grey earth . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 21 : 321 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 1984 . Variation in soil nematode diversity under pasture with soil and year . Soil Biology & Biochemistry , 16 : 95 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 1987 . Nematode feeding and activity – the importance of development stages . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 3 : 143 – 146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 1994 . Modification and qualification of the nematode maturity index . Pedobiologia , 38 : 97 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW . 2003 . Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 37 : 199 – 210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeates , GW , Dando , JL and Shepherd , TG . 2002 . Pressure plate studies to determine how moisture affects access of bacterial-feeding nematodes to food in soil . European Journal of Soil Science , 53 : 355 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar