Nitrate loss and transformation in 2 vegetated headwater streams

References

• American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Pollution Control Federation . 1980 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater , 15th ed. 1134 Washington
   Google Scholar
• Avnimelech , Y. , Dasberg , S. , Harpaz , A. and Levin , I. 1978 . Prevention of nitrate leakage from the Hula Basin : A case study in watershed management. . Soil science , 125 : 233 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burford , J. R. and Bremner , J. M. 1975 . Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total, water‐soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter. . Soil biology and biochemistry , 7 : 389 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , J. G. 1981 . Pollution from our pastures . Soil and water , 17 (5 & 6) : 13 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Dons , A. 1981 . “ Results fromi the Purukohukohu Landuse Basin and their application to water and soil management ” . In Waters of the Waikato, Volume I. Centre for Continuing Education , Volume I , 43 – 62 . New Zealand : University of Waikato .
   Google Scholar
• Downes , M. T. 1978 . An improved hydrazine reduction method for the automated determination of low nitrate levels in fresh water. . Water research , 12 : 673 – 676 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyck , W. J. and Cooke , J. G. 1981 . “ Exotic forestry and its effects on water quality ” . In Waters of the Waikato, Volume I. Centre for Continuing Education , Volume I , 63 – 84 . New Zealand : University of Waikato .
   Google Scholar
• Glowa , W. 1974 . Zirconium dioxide, a new catalyst in Kjeldahl method for total nitrogen determination. . Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists , 57 : 1228 – 1231 .
   Google Scholar
• Grimm , N. B. , Fisher , S. G. and Minckley , W. L. 1981 . Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in hot desert streams of Southwestern USA . Hydrobiologia , 83 : 303 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , A. R. 1981 . Nitrate‐nitrcgen flux and utilization in a stream ecosystem during summer low flows. . Canadian geographer , 15 : 225 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoare , R. A. 1979 . Nitrate removal from streams draining experimental catchments. . Progress in water technology , 11 : 303 – 314 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1980 . The sensitivity to phosphorus and nitrogen loads, of Lake Rotorua, New Zealand. . Progress in water technology , 12 : 897 – 904 .
   Google Scholar
• Howard‐Williams , C. , Davies , J. and Pickmere , S. 1982 . The dynamics of growth, the effects of changing area and nitrate uptake by watercress Nasturtium offi‐cinale R. Br. in a New Zealand stream. . Journal of applied ecology , 19 : 589 – 601 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard‐Williams , C. , Pickmere , S. and Davies , J. 1983 . Decay rates and nitrogen dynamics of decomposing watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). . Hydrobiologia , 99 : 207 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewell , W. J. 1971 . Aquatic weed decay : dissolved oyygen utilization and nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration. . Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation , 43 : 1457 – 1467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaspar , H. F. 1982 . Denitrification in marine sediment : Measurement of capacity and estimate of in situ rate. . Applied and environmental microbiology , 43 : 522 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushik , N. K. and Robinson , J. B. 1976 . Preliminary observations on nitrogen transport during summer in a small spring‐fed Ontario stream. . Hydrobiologia , 49 : 59 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushik , N. K. , Robinson , J. B. , Sain , P. , Whiteley , H. R. and Stammers , W. N. 1975 . A quantitative study of nitrogen loss from water of a small spring‐fed stream. . Proceedings of the Canadian symposium on water pollution research , 10 : 110 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Knowles , R. 1982 . Denitrification. . Microbiological reviews , 46 : 43 – 70 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McColl , R. H. S. 1974 . Self‐purification of small freshwater streams : phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia removal. . New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research , 8 : 375 – 388 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1982 . “ Water quality in agricultural areas —the prospects for management of diffuse pollution sources ” . In Water in New Zealand's future , 153 – 160 . Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand — Royal Society of New Zealand . Water Conference 1982
   Google Scholar
• McColl , R. H. S. and Hughes , H. R. 1981 . The effects of land use on water quality — A review , Water and soil miscellaneous publication 23 59
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Works and Development . 1971 . Purukohukohu, IHD Experimental Basins Nos 4 and 5 to 1969 , Hydrological research annual report 19 18 Wellington
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1973 . Purukohukohu, IHD Experimental Basins Nos 4 and 5, 1970–1 , Hydrological research annual report 29 24 Wellington
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , K. R. , Sacco , P. D. , Graetz , D. A. , Campbell , K. L. and Sinclair , L. R. 1982 . Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem : Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields. . Environmental management , 6 : 261 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , J. B. , Kaushik , N. K. and Chatarpaul , L. 1978 . Nitrogen transport and transformations in Can‐agagigue Creek , Windsor : International Joint Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Schouten , C. J. , Terzaghi , W. and Gordon , Y. 1981 . Summaries of water quality and mass transport data for the Lake Taupo catchment, New Zealand . Water and soil miscellaneous publication , 24 : 167
   Google Scholar
• Technicon Corporation . 1973 . Ammonia in water and seawater. , Technicon industrial method no 154–71 W/B
   Google Scholar
• Van Kessel , J. F. 1977 . Removal of nitrate from effluent following discharge on surface water. . Water research , 11 : 533 – 537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , W. F. and Downes , M. T. 1980 . Variation in nutrient removal from a stream by watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). . Aquatic botany , 9 : 221 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , E. Eutrophication in New Zealand lakes. In: Water in New Zealand's future . Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand — Royal Society of New Zealand, Water Conference . 1982 . pp. 129 – 136 .
   Google Scholar