Vertebral abnormalities in free-living Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum) in New Zealand

References

• Boglione C, Gavaia P, Koumoundouros G, Gisbert E, Moren M, Fontagné S, Witten PE. 2013. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes. Reviews in Aquaculture. 5(SUPPL.1):S99–S120. doi: 10.1111/raq.12015
   Google Scholar
• Boglione C, Gisbert E, Gavaia P, Witten PE, Moren M, Fontagné S, Koumoundouros G. 2013. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors. Reviews in Aquaculture. 5(SUPPL.1):S121–S167. doi: 10.1111/raq.12016
   Google Scholar
• Bowerman TE, Pinson-Dumm A, Peery CA, Caudill CC. 2017. Reproductive energy expenditure and changes in body morphology for a population of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with a long distance migration. J Fish Biol. 90(5):1960–1979. doi: 10.1111/jfb.13274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Clercq A, Perrott MR, Davie PS, Preece MA, Huysseune A, Witten PE. 2018. The external phenotype-skeleton link in post-hatch farmed Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). J Fish Dis. 41(3):511–527. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12753
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschamps MH, Kacem A, Ventura R, Courty G, Haffray P, Meunier FJ, Sire JY. 2008. Assessment of “discreet” vertebral abnormalities, bone mineralization and bone compactness in farmed rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 279(1–4):11–17. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.03.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desse G. 1976. Les vertèbres des Salmonidés Actes 2e Congrès Européen des Ichtyologistes Paris 8 au 15 septembre 1976 Revue des Travaux de l’Institut des Pêches Maritimes. 40:557.
   Google Scholar
• Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Albrektsen S. 2012. Inadequate phosphorus nutrition in juvenile Atlantic salmon has a negative effect on long-term bone health. Aquaculture. 334–337:117–123. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Breck O, Ørnsrud R, Lock EJ, Waagbø R, Wargelius A, Witten EP. 2012. Vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) – etiology and pathology. J Appl Ichthyol. 28(3):433–440. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01980.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelldal PG, Hansen T, Breck O, Sandvik R, Waagbø R, Berg A, Ørnsrud R. 2009. Supplementation of dietary minerals during the early seawater phase increase vertebral strength and reduce the prevalence of vertebral deformities in fast-growing under-yearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt. Aquacult Nutr. 15(4):366–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00601.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelldal PG, Hansen TJ, Lock EJ, Wargelius A, Fraser TWK, Sambraus F, El-Mowafi A, Albrektsen S, Waagbø R, Ørnsrud R. 2016. Increased dietary phosphorous prevents vertebral deformities in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquacult Nutr. 22(1):72–90. doi: 10.1111/anu.12238
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fjelldal PG, Lock EJ, Grotmol S, Totland GK, Nordgarden U, Flik G, Hansen T. 2006. Impact of smolt production strategy on vertebral growth and mineralisation during smoltification and the early seawater phase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Aquaculture. 261(2):715–728. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser TWK, Hansen T, Mayer I, Skjæraasen JE, Glover KA, Sambraus F, Fjelldal PG. 2014. The effect of triploidy on vaccine side-effects in Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture. 433:481–490. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill CD, Fisk DM. 1966. Vertebral abnormalities in sockeye, pink, and chum salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc. 95(2):177–182. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1966)95[177:VAISPA]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen T, Fjelldal PG, Yurtseva A, Berg A. 2010. A possible relation between growth and number of deformed vertebrae in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). J Appl Ichthyol. 26(2):355–359.
   Google Scholar
• Haworth J. 2010. Swimming upstream. How salmon farming developed in New Zealand. Christchurch: Wily Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Hinch SG, Cooke SJ, Healey MC, Farrell AP. 2006. Chapter 7, behavioural physiology of fish migrations: salmon as a model approach. In: S. Skawrwb, editor. Behaviour and physiology of fish. New York: Academic Press; p. 239–295.
   Google Scholar
• Kacem A, Baglinière JL, Meunier FJ. 2013. Resorption of scales in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during its anadromous migration: a quantitative study. Cybium. 37(3):199–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacem A, Gustafsson S, Meunier FJ. 2000. Demineralization of the vertebral skeleton in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. during spawning migration. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 125(4):479–484. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00174-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacem A, Meunier FJ. 2003. Halastatic demineralization in the vertebrae of Atlantic salmon, during their spawning migration. J Fish Biol. 63(5):1122–1130. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00229.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacem A, Meunier FJ, Baglinière JL. 1998. A quantitative study of morphological and histological changes in the skeleton of Salmo salar during its anadromous migration. J Fish Biol. 53(5):1096–1109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnison MT, Bentzen P, Unwin MJ, Quinn TP. 2002. Reconstructing recent divergence: evaluating nonequilibrium population structure in New Zealand Chinook salmon. Mol Ecol. 11(4):739–754. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01477.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mochida K, Ito K, Harino H, Tanaka H, Onduka T, Kakuno A, Fujii K. 2009. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by metabolites of copper pyrithione (CuPT) and its possible involvement in vertebral deformity of a CuPT-exposed marine teleostean fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharm. 149(4):624–630. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.01.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mommsen TP. 2004. Salmon spawning migration and muscle protein metabolism: the August Krogh principle at work. Comp Biochem Physiol Part B Biochem Mol Biol. 139(3):383–400. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munday JS, Perrott MR, Symonds JE, Walker SP, Lovett B, Preece MA, Davie PS. 2016. Unilateral perivertebral fibrosis associated with lordosis, kyphosis and scoliosis (LKS) in farmed Chinook salmon in New Zealand. Dis Aquat Org. 121(3):211–221. doi: 10.3354/dao03056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrott MR, Symonds JE, Walker SP, Hely FS, Wybourne B, Preece MA, Davie PS. 2018. Spinal curvatures and onset of vertebral deformities in farmed Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792) in New Zealand. J Appl Ichthyol.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe DK, Thorpe JE, Shanks AM. 1991. Role of Fat stores in the maturation of Male Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 48(3):405–413. doi: 10.1139/f91-052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambraus F, Glover KA, Hansen T, Fraser TWK, Solberg MF, Fjelldal PG. 2014. Vertebra deformities in wild Atlantic salmon caught in the Figgjo River, Southwest Norway. J Appl Ichthyol. 30(4):777–782. doi: 10.1111/jai.12517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders JL, Watral V, Kent ML. 2012. Microsporidiosis in zebrafish research facilities. ILAR Journal. 53(2):106–113. doi: 10.1093/ilar.53.2.106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour A. 1959. Effects of temperature upon the formation of vertebrae and fin rays in young chinook salmon. Trans Am Fish Soc. 88(1):58–69. doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1959)88[58:EOTUTF]2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Shearer WM. 1984. The Report on the Salmon Scale Reading Workshop held in Aberdeen, Scotland, 23–28 April 1984. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Anadromous and Catdromous Fish Committee ICES_M25.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstone AM, Hammell L. 2002. Spinal deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 43(10):782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan M, Guy DR, Roberts RJ, Manchester NJ. 2007. The aetiology of spinal deformity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: Influence of genetic factors on the frequency and severity in freshwater stages. J Fish Dis. 30(12):753–758. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00888.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan M, Hammond G, Roberts RJ, Manchester NJ. 2007. Spinal deformation in commercially cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: a clinical and radiological study. J Fish Dis. 30(12):745–752. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00889.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taranger GL, Carrillo M, Schulz RW, Fontaine P, Zanuy S, Felip A, Weltzien F-A, Dufour S, Karlsen Ø, Norberg B, et al. 2010. Control of puberty in farmed fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 165(3):483–515. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unwin MJ, Poortenaar CW, Rowe DK, Boustead NC, Porter MJR. 2004. Seasonal profiles in growth, energy reserves, gonad development, and plasma steroids in age 1+ cultured Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) females. N Z J Mar Freshwat Res. 38(1):29–41. doi: 10.1080/00288330.2004.9517215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unwin MJ, Rowe DK, Poortenaar CW, Boustead NC. 2005. Suppression of maturation in 2-year-old Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared under continuous photoperiod. Aquaculture. 246(1):239–250. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witten PE, Gil-Martens L, Hall BK, Huysseune A, Obach A. 2005. Compressed vertebrae in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar: evidence for metaplastic chondrogenesis as a skeletogenic response late in ontogeny. Dis Aquat Org. 64(3):237–246. English. doi: 10.3354/dao064237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witten PE, Gil-Martens L, Huysseune A, Takle H, Hjelde K. 2009. Towards a classification and an understanding of developmental relationships of vertebral body malformations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture. 295(1–2):6–14. English. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar