Understanding the role of services in the globalisation process: The case of Norway

References

• Aharoni , Y. & Nachum , L. 2000 . Globalisation of Services: Some Implications for Theory and Practice . Routledge , London .
   Google Scholar
• Aslesen , H.W. and Isaksen , A. 2007 . Knowledge intensive business services and urban industrial development . Service Industries Journal , 27 : 389 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumol , W.J. 2002 . “ Services as leaders and the leader of the services ” . In Productivity, Innovation and Knowledge in Services , Edited by: Gadrey , J. and Gallouj , F. 147 – 264 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Benito , G.R.G. 1998 . “ Utviklingen av norske direkte utenlandske investeringer ” . In Globalisering – drivkrefter og konsekvenser , Edited by: Glimstedt , H. and Lange , E. 122 – 135 . Oslo : Fagbokforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Bouman , P.J. 1957 . Från renässans till världskrig: Kultur och samhälle i Västeuropa under fyra sekel , Stockholm : Natur och kultur .
   Google Scholar
• Breathnach , P. 2000 . Globalisation, information technology and the emergence of niche transnational cities: The growth of the call centre sector in Dublin . Geoforum , 31 : 477 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouthers , K.D. and Hennart , J.-F. 2007 . Boundaries of the firm: Insights from international entry mode research . Journal of Management , 33 : 395 – 425 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson , J.R. and Henry , N. 2001 . “ The global production system from Fordism to post-Fordism ” . In Human Geography: Issues for the 21st Century , Edited by: Daniels , P. , Bradshaw , M. , Shaw , D. and Sidaway , J. 342 – 73 . London : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bryson , J.R. and Rusten , G. 2006 . “ Spatial divisions of expertise and transnational service firms: Aero space and management consultancy ” . In Knowledge-based Service, Internationalisation and Regional Development , Edited by: Daniels , P.W. and Harrington , J.W. 79 – 100 . Aldershot : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 2007 . “ Small and medium-sized enterprises and the consumption traded (producer services expertise) versus untraded knowledge and expertise ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 295 – 310 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , R. 1975 . The diffusion of technology as a problem in economic history . Economic Geography , 51 : 217 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coombs , R. and Miles , I. 2000 . “ Innovation measurement and services: The new problematique ” . In Innovation Systems in the Services Economy: Measurement and Case Study Analysis , Edited by: Metcalfe , J.S. and Miles , I. 85 – 103 . Boston , MA : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , M. 1992 . City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles , London & New York : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , P.W. 2002 . “ EU services trade with particular reference to business and professional services ” . In Trading Services in the Global Economy , Edited by: Quadrado-Roura , J.R. , Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Bryson , J.R. 111 – 131 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , P.W. & Lever , W.F. 1996 . The Global Economy in Transition . Longman , Harlow .
   Google Scholar
• Deardorff , A.V. and Stern , R. 2007 . “ Empirical analysis of barriers to international service transactions and the consequences of liberalisation ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 227 – 257 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Dicken , P. 2002 . “ Places and flows: Situating international investment ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , Edited by: Clark , G.L. , Feldman , M.P. and Gertler , M.S. 275 – 291 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dicken , P. 2011 . Global Shift: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy , 6th ed , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Djellal , F. and Gallouj , F. 2007 . Innovation and employment effects in services: A review of the literature and agenda for research . Service Industries Journal , 27 : 193 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning , J.H. 1993a . Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy , Harrow : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Dunning , J.H. 1993b . “ The internationalisation of production of services: Some general and specific explanations ” . In Coalitions and Competition: The Globalisation of Professional Business Services , Edited by: Aharoni , Y. 79 – 101 . London & New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Edvardsson , B. , Edvinsson , L. and Nyström , H. 1992 . “ Internationalisering i tjänsteföretag – en föreställningsram och resultat från empiriska studier ” . In Internationalisering af service og regional udvikling i Norden , Edited by: Illeris , S. and Sjøholt , P. 149 – 167 . NordREFO, København : NordREFO 1992:5 .
   Google Scholar
• Enderwick , P. 2007 . “ Multinational service firms and global strategy ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 258 – 274 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Fjose , S. , Jakobsen , E.W. & Espelien , A. 2010 . Internasjonalisering av norske offshoreleverandører 2009: Befester stillingen i mer krevende markeder . Menon publikasjon nr. 9/2010 . Menon , Oslo .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , S. , Edwards , R. and Schroder , B. 2006 . How smaller born-global firms use networks and alliances to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization . Journal of International Marketing , 14 : 33 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallouj , F. 2002 . Innovation in the Service Economy: The New Wealth of Nations , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Canal , E. , Duarte , C.L. and Criado , J.R. 2002 . Accelerating international expansion through global alliances: A typology of cooperative strategies . Journal of World Business , 37 : 91 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giarini , O. 2002 . “ The localisation of services in economic theory and economic practice: Some conceptual issues ” . In Trading Services in the World Economy , Edited by: Cuadrado-Roura , J.R. , Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Bryson , J.R. 58 – 77 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Glimstedt , H. and Lange , E. 1998 . Globalisering – drivkrefter og konsekvenser , Oslo : Fagbokforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Harvey , D. 1995 . Globalisation in question . Rethinking Maarxism , 84 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Helland , B. & Rasmussen , T. 1992 . Norsk skipsassuranse: En bransjestudie . Arbeidsnotat 77 . Samfunns- og næringslivsforskning , Bergen .
   Google Scholar
• Illeris , S. and Sjoholt , P. 1995 . The Nordic countries: High quality service in a low density environment . Progress in Planning , 43 : 205 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johanson , J. and Vahlne , J.-E. 1977 . The internationalization process of the firm: A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments . Journal of International Business Studies , 8 : 23 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristiansen , S. 1989 . Teknologieksport til u-land: Bedrifters valg av lokalisering . Dr. økon. Thesis at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Geografi i Bergen 130 . Institutt for Geografi, Norges Handelshøyskole og Universitetet i Bergen Bergen .
   Google Scholar
• Lafontaine , F. and Shaw , K. 1995 . Franchises growth and franchisees entry and exit in the US market: Myth and reality . Journal of Business Venturing , 13 : 95 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lejour , A. and de Paiva Verheijden , J.-W. 2007 . The tradability of services within Canada and the European Union . Service Industries Journal , 27 : 389 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson , J. 1990 . “ Produktcykeln och produktionsmiljøer ” . In Nätverk i Norden , Edited by: Lundqvist , L. and Persson , L.O. 155 – 184 . Stockholm : Industridepartementet .
   Google Scholar
• Lindmark , L. 1994 . “ Småforetagens internationalisering ” . In Småforetagens internationalisering – en jamförande studie , Edited by: Lindmark , L. , Christensen , P.R. , Eskelinen , H. , Forsström , B. , Sørensen , O.J. and Vatne , E. 26 – 40 . NordREFO, Stockholm : NordREFO 1994:7 .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , I. 2007 . “ Knowledge intensive services and innovation ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 277 – 294 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Norman , V.D. 1993 . Næringsstruktur og utenriksøkonomi i en åpen liten økonomi , Oslo : Universitetsforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Norton , S.W. 1988 . An empirical look at franchising as an organizational form . Journal of Business , 61 : 197 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOU 1981 : 47 . Om behovet for internasjonalisering av norsk industri . Universitetsforlaget , Oslo .
   Google Scholar
• Norwegian Petroleum Directorate . 2011 . Facts: The Norwegian Petroleum Sector 2011 . http://www.npd.no/en/Publications/Facts/Facts-2011/ (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Oslo Teknopol. n.d . Specialising in maritime services . http://www.oslo.teknopol.no/English/TradeSectors/Maritime/About-the-cluster/Maritime-services/ (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , M. 2006 . International joint venture learning . Service Industries Journal , 26 : 165 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , M. 1990 . The Competitive Advantage of Nations , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reve , T. 1988 . “ Internasjonaliseringsstrategier i norsk næringsliv ” . In Globalisering – drivkrefter og konsekvenser , Edited by: Glimstedt , H. and Lange , E. 136 – 148 . Bergen : Fagbokforlaget .
   Google Scholar
• Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Cuadrado-Roura , J.R. 2002a . “ Services in the age of globalisation: Explanatory interrelations and dimensions ” . In Trading Services in the Global Economy , Edited by: Cuadrado-Roura , J.R. , Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Bryson , J.R. 27 – 57 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Cuadrado-Roura , J.R. 2002b . “ A comparative approach to the internationalisation of service industries ” . In Trading Services in the Global Economy , Edited by: Cuadrado-Roura , J.R. , Rubalcaba-Bermejo , L. and Bryson , J.R. 78 – 108 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Rusten , G. and Bryson , J.R. 2007 . “ Understanding the relationship between information and communication technology and the behaviour of firms located in regional clusters ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P. 311 – 330 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Rusten , G. , Bryson , J.R. and Gammelsæter , H. 2005 . Dislocated versus local business service expertise and knowledge and the acquisition of external management consultancy expertise by small and medium-sized enterprises in Norway . Geoforum , 36 : 525 – 539 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sölvell , Ö. and Zander , I. 1995 . Organization of the dynamic multinational enterprise: The home based and the heterarchical MNC . Journal of International Studies of Management & Organization , 25 : 17 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011a . Statistical Yearbook of Norway 2011 . Statistics Norway, Oslo & Kongsvinger . Table 298 export, Table 300 import, Table 282 GDP. http://www.ssb.no/en/yearbook/yearbook_2011.pdf (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011b StatBank Norway: Subject 09 National economy and external trade: 09.01 National accounts: Table 09189 Final expenditure and gross domestic product in current prices (1970–2010) . http://statbank.ssb.no//statistikkbanken/default_fr.asp?PLanguage=1 (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011c . Statbank Norway: Subject 09 National economy and external trade: 09.05 External trade: Table 03002 External trade in Commodities: Table 05416 Exports and imports of ICT goods as a proportion of total external trade (NOK million) (2002–2010); Table 06951 External trade in services, ocean transport, by type of service . http://statbank.ssb.no//statistikkbanken/default_fr.asp?PLanguage=1 (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011d . Statbank Norway: Subject 09 National economy and external trade: 09.04 Foreign assets and liabilities, direct investments: Direct investments: Table 1 Foreign direct investment abroad: 1998–2010. Total NOK million . http://www.ssb.no/di_en/tab-2012-01-12-01-en.html (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011e . StatBank Norway: Subject 09 National economy and external trade: Table 04836: Norwegian outward direct investment, by industrial classification (SIC 2002) (NOK million) . http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=1&tilside=selectvarval/define.asp&Tabellid=04836 (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011f . StatBank Norway: 06282: Norway's Portfolio Investment abroad, by sector and country (NOK million) . http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=1&tilside=selectvarval/define.asp&Tabellid=06282 (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011g . Statbank Norway: Subject 09 National economy and external trade – 09.04 Foreign assets and liabilities, direct investments: Table 2 Foreign direct investment in Norway, 1998–2009 . http://www.ssb.no/di_en/tab-2012-01-12-02-en.html (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway . 2011h . StatBank Norway: Subject 10 Industrial activities: Table 05944 Oil activities: Principal figures for extraction, service activities and pipelines by industry (SN2002) . http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=1&tilside=selectvarval/define.asp&Tabellid=05944 (accessed 23 November 2011) .
   Google Scholar
• Sundbo , J. and Gallouj , F. 2000 . “ Innovation as a loosely coupled system in services ” . In Innovation Systems in the Services Economy: Measurement and Case Study Analysis , Edited by: Metcalfe , J.S. and Miles , I. 43 – 68 . Boston , MA : Kluwer Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , E. 2002 . Elite power: Global forces and the political economy of global development . Clark, G.L., Feldman, M.P. & Gertler, M.S. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography , 541 – 558 . Oxford University Press , Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD . 2010 . UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics . UNCTAD , Geneva .
   Google Scholar
• Urry , J. 1987 . Some social and spatial aspects of services . Environment and Planning D Society and Space , 5 : 5 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valen , E. 1992 . Et konkurransedyktig Norge: I en klasse for seg – en studie av skipsklassifiseringsbransjen og Det norske Veritas Classification A/S . Arbeidsnotat 78 . Samfunns- og næringslivsforksning , Bergen .
   Google Scholar
• Vatne , E. 1994 . “ Nordens eksport og de mindre foretakenes rolle ” . In Småföretagens internationalisering – en jamförande studie , Edited by: Lindmark , L. , Christensen , P.R. , Eskelinen , H. , Forsström , B. , Sørensen , O.J. and Vatne , E. 9 – 25 . NordREFO, Stockholm : NordREFO 1994:7 .
   Google Scholar
• Vazquez , L. 2009 . How passive ownership restrictions affect the rate of franchise failure . Service Industries Journal , 29 : 847 – 859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon , R. 1966 . International investment and international trade in the product cycle . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 80 : 190 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warf , B. 2007 . “ Embodied information, actor networks and global value added service ” . In The Handbook of Service Industries , Edited by: Bryson , J.R. and Daniels , P.W. 379 – 394 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Wong , P.H. and He , Z.-L. 2005 . A comparative study of innovation in Singapore's KIBS and manufacturing firms . Service Industries Journal , 25 : 23 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WTO . 2011 . International Trade Statistics 2011 . WTO , Geneva .
   Google Scholar