Disentangling the compact city drivers and pressures: Barcelona as a case study

References

• Ajuntament de Barcelona. 2000. El nucli antic: Les Corts Velles. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Ajuntament de Barcelona. 2011. 22@ Barcelona: 10 anys de renovaciò urbana/10 Years of Urban Renewal. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Ajuntament de Barcelona. n.d.a. Observatori de districtes. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona. http://www.bcn.cat/estadistica/catala/documents/districtes/index.htm (accessed 30 March 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Ajuntament de Barcelona. n.d.b. Cartobcn. http://w20.bcn.cat/cartobcn/ (accessed 30 March 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Ajuntament de Barcelona. n.d.c. Estadísyica. http://estadistica.bcn.cat/ (accessed 30 March 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Anguelovski, I. 2014. Neighbourhood as Refuge: Community Reconstruction, Place Remaking, and Environmental Justice in the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Apparicio, P., Martori, J.C., Pearson, A.L., Fournier, É. & Apparicio, D. 2014. An open-source software for calculating indices of urban residential segregation. Social Science Computer Review 32(1), 117–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artmann, M. 2013. Driving forces of urban soil sealing and constraints of its management – the Cases of Leipzig and Munich (Germany). Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 4(2), 143–152.
   Google Scholar
• Bank for International Settlements. 2005. Real Estate Indicators and Financial Stability. BIS Papers No. 21. https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap21.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Barcelona City Council. 2013. Indicators 21: Local Sustainability Indicators in Barcelona (Data from 2012). Barcelona: Barcelona City Council.
   Google Scholar
• Barrios, J.A. & Rodriguez, J.E. 2008. Housing demand in Spain according to dwelling type: Microeconometric evidence. Regional Science and Urban Economics 38(4), 363–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohigas, O. 2005 El model Barcelona segons Horacio Capel. Avui, 8 May 2005, 21.
   Google Scholar
• Boyko, C.T. & Cooper, R. 2011. Clarifying and re-conceptualising density. Progress in Planning 76(1), 1–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brueckner, J.K. 2011. Lectures on Urban Economics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, E. 2000. The compact city: Just or just compact? A preliminary analysis. Urban Studies 37(11), 1969–2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, E. 2002. Measuring urban compactness in UK towns and cities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2002, 29(1), 219–250.
   Google Scholar
• Busquets, J. 2005. Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City. Rovereto: Nicolodi & Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Graduate School of Design.
   Google Scholar
• Capel, H. 2006. De nuevo el modelo Barcelona y el debate sobre el urbanismo barcelonés. Universidad de Barcelona (eds.) Biblio 3W. Revista Bibliográfica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 9(629). http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/b3w-629.htm (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica. n.d. Centro des Cargas. (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen, P. & Loftsgarden, T. 2011. Drivers Behind Urban Sprawl in Europe. TØI Report 1136. https://www.toi.no/getfile.php/1317329/Publikasjoner/T%C3%98I%20rapporter/2011/1136-2011/1136-2011-el.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Churchman, A. 1999. Disentangling the concept of density. Journal of Planning Literature 13(4), 389–411.
   Google Scholar
• Cronshaw, S. & McCulloch, A. 2008. Reinstating the Lewinian vision: From force field analysis to organization field assessment. Organization Development Journal 26(4), 89–103.
   Google Scholar
• Dantzig, G. & Saaty T. 1973. Compact City: Plan for a Liveable Urban Environment. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Dávila Cabanillas, N. 2007. La aplicación del modelo DPSIR al área funcional de Gernika-Markina (Bizkaia): Un ensayo metodológico de análisis territorial. https://old.reunionesdeestudiosregionales.org/cdromleon2007/htdocs/pdf/p1.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey, N. & Jenks, M. 2010. The future of the compact city. Built Environment 36(1), 116–121.
   Google Scholar
• Dieleman, F. & Wegener, M. 2004. Compact city and urban sprawl. Built Environment 30(4), 308–323.
   Google Scholar
• Dijkink, G. & Knippenberg, H. 2001. The Territorial Factor: Political Geography in a Globalising World. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers UvA [Amsterdam University Press].
   Google Scholar
• Domene, E., Saurí, D. & Parés, M. 2005. Urbanization and sustainable resource use: The case of garden watering in the metropolitan region of Barcelona. Urban Geography 26(6), 520–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EU. 2007. Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities. Final draft (2 May 2007). http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/urban/leipzig_charter.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2011. Cities of Tomorrow – Challenges, Visions, Ways Forward. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• European Environment Agency. 1999. Environmental Indicators: Typology and Overview. EEA Technical report No 25/1999. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency-
   Google Scholar
• Fieldhouse, E. & Cutts. D. 2010. Does diversity damage social capital? A comparative study of neighbourhood diversity and social capital in the US and Britain. Canadian Journal of Political Science–Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 43(2), 289–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchini, T. & Dal Cin, A. 2000. Indicadores urbanos y sostenibilidad: Hacia un umbral sostenible del uso del suelo. Ciudad y Territorio 32(123), 41–55.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-López, M.A. & Muñiz Olivera, I. 2007. ¿Policentrismo o dispersión? Una aproximación desde la nueva economía urbana. Investigaciones Regionales 11, 25–43.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, R.N. 2007. Residential Intensification and the Wellington Urban Development Strategy. Wellington: Wellington City Council.
   Google Scholar
• Hammond, A., Adriaanse, A., Rodenburg, E., Bryant, D. & Woodward, R. 1995. Environmental Indicators: A Systematic Approach to Measuring and Reporting on Environmental Policy Performance in the Context of Sustainable Development. Washington DC: World Resources Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Hofstad, H. 2012. Compact city development: High ideals and emerging practices. European Journal of Spatial Development. Refereed article No. 49. http://archive.nordregio.se/Global/EJSD/Refereed%20articles/refereed49.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Holman, N., Mace, A., Paccoud, A. & Sundaresan, J. 2015. Coordinating density: Working through conviction, suspicion and pragmatism. Progress in Planning 101 (October 2015), 1–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idealista. 2016. Evolución del precio de la vivienda de segunda mano. Tercer Trimestre 2016. http://www.idealista.com/informes-precio-vivienda (accessed July 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Jenks, M., Burton, E. & Williams, K. (eds.) 1996. The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form? London: Spon.
   Google Scholar
• Kristensen, P. n.d. The DPSIR Framework. https://wwz.ifremer.fr/dce/content/download/69291/913220/file/DPSIR.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Lagrave, K. 2017. Barcelona Approves New Law to Limit Tourist Numbers. http://www.cntraveler.com/story/barcelona-approves-new-law-to-limit-tourist-numbers (accessed 3 March 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., Peng, J., Yanxu, L. & Yi’na, H. 2017. Urbanization impact on landscape patterns in Beijing City, China: A spatial heterogeneity perspective. Ecological Indicators 82, 50–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, H.K. & Kain, J.H. 2016. Compact cities are complex, intense and diverse but: Can we design such emergent urban properties? Urban Planning 1(1), 95–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marraccini, E., Debolini, M., Moulery, M., Abrantes, P., Bouchier, A., Chéry, J.-P., Sanz Sanz, E., Sabbatini, T. & Napoleone, C. 2015. Common features and different trajectories of land cover changes in six Western Mediterranean urban regions. Applied Geography 62, 347–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, T. 2000. Urban planning and governance: Is there a Barcelona model? International Planning Studies 5, 299–319.
   Google Scholar
• Metzger, J., Allmendinger P. & Oosterlynck, S. 2015. Planning Against the Political: Democratic Deficits in European Territorial Governance. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Moliní, F. & Salgado, M. 2012. Los impactos ambientales de la ciudad de baja densidad en relación con los de la ciudad compacta. Universidad de Barcelona. (eds.) Biblio 3W. Revista Bibliográfica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 17 (958). http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/b3w-958.htm (accessed 24 January 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, L. 1993. Social Exchange and Welfare Development. Madrid: CSIC.
   Google Scholar
• Morikawa, M. 2011. Economies of density and productivity in service industries: An analysis of personal service industries based on establishment-level data. Review of Economics and Statistics 93(1), 179–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñiz, I. & Garcia-López, M.A. 2010. The polycentric knowledge economy in Barcelona. Urban Geography 31(6), 774–799.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz, F. 2004. UrBANALització: La producció residencial de baixa densitat a la provincia de Barcelona, 1985-2001. PhD thesis. Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Niemeijer, D. & De Groot, R. 2008. Framing environmental indicators: Moving from causal chains to causal networks. Environment, Development and Sustainability 10(1): 89–106.
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, M. 2005. The compact city fallacy. Journal of Planning Education and Research 25, 11–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2012. Compact City Policies, A Comparative Assessment, OECD Green Growth Studies. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2014. Is Migration Good for the Economy? OECD Migration Policy Debates (MPD No. 2, May 2014). http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/OECD%20Migration%20Policy%20Debates%20Numero%202.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2015. Ageing in Cities. Paris: OECD Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Oelefse, M. 2003. Social justice, social integration, and the ccompact city: Lessons from the inner city, Johannesburg. Harrison, P., Huchzermeyer. M. & Mayekiso. M. (eds.) Confronting Fragmentation: Housing and Urban Development in a Democratizing Society, 88–108. Landsdown: UCT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pili, S., Grigoriadis, E., Carlucci, M., Clemente, M. & Salvati, L. 2017. Towards sustainable growth? A multi-criteria assessment of (changing) urban forms. Ecological Indicators 76, 71–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey, P.G. 2015. Teaching and Learning in a Diverse World: Multicultural Education for Young Children. 4th ed. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rani, W.M. 2015. Compact urban form for sociability in urban neighbourhoods. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 5(10), 822–826.
   Google Scholar
• Reid, J. 2016. Racial/ethnic diversity and language development in the pre-school classroom. Frankenberg, E., Garces, L. & Hopkins, M. (eds.) Integration Matters: Research-based Strategies to Advance Equity, 39–55. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Reid, J.L. & Kagan, S.L. 2015. A Better Start: Why Classroom Diversity Matters in Early Education. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571023.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, S.S. & Strange W. 2004. Evidence on the nature and sources of agglomeration economies. Vernon Henderson, J. & Thisse, J.-F. (eds.) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Vol. 4: Cities and Geography, 2119–2171. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Saaty, T.L. 2013. Compact City: The Next Urban Evolution in Response to Climate Change. Pittsburg, PA: RWS Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Salvati, L. & Sabbi, A. 2014. Identifying urban diffusion in compact cities through a comparative multivariate procedure. The Annals of Regional Science 53, 557–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarnato, A. 2006. Multiple exposures or new cultural values? European historical centres and recent immigration fluxes. Monclús, J. & Guardia, M. (eds.) Culture, Urbanism and Planning, 165–178. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen, A. 2010. Urban sustainability and compact city ideas in Japan. Healey, P. & Upton, R. (eds.) Crossing Borders: International Exchange and Planning Practices, 117–140. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Talen, E. & Koschinsky, J. 2013. The walkable neighborhood: A literature review. International Journal of Sustainable Land Use and Urban Planning 1(1), 42–63.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. & Fry, R. 2012. The Rise of Residential Segregation by Income. Pew Research Center Report. http://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2012/08/Rise-of-Residential-Income-Segregation-2012.2.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Tillie, N., Aarts, M., Marijnissen, M., Stenhuijs, S., Borsboom, J., Rietveld, E., Doepel, D., Visschers, J. & Lap, S. 2012. Rotterdam: People Make the Inner City. Rotterdam: Mediacenter Rotterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Tscherning, K., Helming, K., Krippner, B., Sieber, S. & Gomez y Paloma, S. 2012. Does research applying the DPSIR framework support decision making? Land Use Policy 29, 102–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunström, M. & Bradley, K. 2015. Opposing the postpolitical Swedish urban discourse. Metzger, J., Allmendinger, P. & Oosterlynck, S. (eds.) Planning Against the Political: Democratic Deficits in European Territorial Governance, 69–84. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 1996. Indicators of Sustainable Development: Framework and Methodologies. New York: UNCSD.
   Google Scholar
• UN. 2014. Global Biodiversity Outlook 4: A Mid-term Assessment of Progress Towards the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN- 92-9225-540-1. https://www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo4/publication/gbo4-en-hr.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat. 2012. Urban Patterns for a Green Economy: Leveraging Density. https://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Leveraging-Density-Urban-Patterns-for-a-Green-Economy.pdf (accessed 18 October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2016. Culture Urban Future. Paris. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Environment Programme. 2007. Global Environment Outlook: Environment for Development, GEO 4. https://na.unep.net/atlas/datlas/sites/default/files/GEO-4_Report_Full_en.pdf (accessed October 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Vilà, G. 2014. From residents to citizens: The emergence of neighbourhood movements in Spain. Gallent, N. & Ciaffi, D. (eds.) Community Action and Planning: Contexts, Drivers and Outcomes, 59–75. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walks, A. 2015. The Urban Political Economy and Ecology of Automobility. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Westerink, J., Haase, D., Bauer, A., Ravetz, J., Jarrige, F. & Aalbers, C.B.E.M. 2013. Dealing with sustainability trade-offs of the compact city in peri-urban planning across European city regions. European Planning Studies 21(3), 473–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, J. 2012. Urban Vitality in Dutch and Chinese New Towns: A Comparative Study between Almere and Tongzhou. Architecture and the Built Environment 2012:3. PhD thesis. Delft: Urbanism Department, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University.
   Google Scholar
• Zondag, B. & Borsboom, J. n.d. Driving Forces of Land-use Change. http://www.significance.nl/papers/2009-ERSA-Driving-forces-of-land-use-change.pdf (accessed November 2018).
   Google Scholar