1,653
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Practice, Power and Place: Southern British Perspectives on the Agency of Early Medieval Rulers’ Residences

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Alcock, L., 2003. Kings and warriors, craftsmen and priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850. Edinburgh: Society Antiquaries of Scotland.
  • Andrén, A., 2013. The significance of places: the Christianization of Scandinavia from a spatial point of view. World Archaeology, 45 (1), 27–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2013.758939
  • Austin, M., 2017. Anglo-Saxon ‘great hall complexes’: elite residences and landscapes of power in early England, c. AD 550700. Thesis (PhD). University of Reading.
  • Axboe, M., 2012. Late Roman and migration period sites in southern Scandinavia with archaeological evidence of the activity of gold and silver smiths. In: A. Pesch and R. Blankenfeldt, eds. Goldsmith mysteries: archaeological, pictorial and documentary evidence from the 1st millennium AD in northern Europe. Neumünster: Wachholtz Verlag, 123–142.
  • Baines, J., and Yoffee, N., 1998. Order, legitimacy, and wealth in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. In: G.M. Feinman and J. Marcus, eds. Archaic states. Sante Fe: School of American Research Press, 199–260.
  • Barnwell, P., and Mostert, M., eds., 2003. Political assemblies in the earlier middle ages. Turnhout: Brepols.
  • Barrett, J.H., Locker, A.M., and Roberts, C.M., 2004. ‘Dark age economics’ revisited: the English fish bone evidence AD 600–1600. Antiquity, 78 (301), 618–636. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00113262
  • Bazlemans, J., 1999. By weapons made worthy: lords, retainers and their relationship in Beowulf. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
  • Beck, A.S., 2014. Opening doors – entering social understandings of the viking age longhouse. In: S. Kristiansen and K. Giles, eds. Dwellings, identities and homes. European housing culture from the viking age to the renaissance. Højbjerg: Jysk Arkaeologisk Selskab, 127–138.
  • Behr, C., Pestell, T., and Hines, J., 2014. The bracteate hoard from Binham — an early Anglo-Saxon central place? Medieval Archaeology, 58 (1), 44–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/0076609714Z.00000000031.
  • Bell, C., 1997. Ritual: perspectives and dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Berend, N., ed., 2007. Christianization and the rise of Christian monarchy: scandinavia, central Europe and Rus’ c. 9001200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Berggren, Å., and Stutz, L.N., 2010. From spectator to critic and participant. Journal of Social Archaeology, 10 (2), 171–197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605310365039
  • Beuermann, I., et al., 2011. The long adaptation of pagan and Christian ideologies of rulership. In: G. Steinsland, ed. Ideology and power in the viking and middle ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes. Leiden: Brill, 367–386.
  • Blair, J, 2014. Grid-planning in Anglo-Saxon settlements: the short perch and the four-perch module. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History18, 18–61.
  • Bintley, M.D.J., 2020. Settlements and strongholds in early medieval England: texts, landscapes, and material culture. Turnhout: Brepols.
  • Blair, J., 2005. The church in Anglo-Saxon society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blair, J., 2018. Building Anglo-Saxon England. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Bourdieu, P., 1977. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bradley, R., 1987. Time regained: the creation of continuity. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 140 (1), 1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/jba.1987.140.1.1
  • Brink, S., 1996. Political and social structures in early Scandinavia: a settlement-historical pre-study of the central place. Tor, 28, 235–281.
  • Brink, S., 1997. Political and social structures of early Scandinavia 2: aspects of space and territoriality’. Tor, 29, 389–437.
  • Brookes, S., 2011. The lathes of Kent: a review of the evidence. In: S. Brookes, S. Harrington, and A. Reynolds, eds. Studies in early Anglo-Saxon art and archaeology: papers in honour of Martin G Welch. BAR British Series, Vol. 527. Oxford: Archaeporess, 156–170.
  • Brooks, N.J., 1988. Romney Marsh in the early middle ages. In: J. Eddison and C. Green, eds. Romney Marsh. Evolution, occupation, reclamation. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, 90–104.
  • Brooks, N.J., and Kelly, S., eds., 2013. Charters of Christ Church Canterbury. Anglo-Saxon Charters, Vol. 17. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Callmer, J., 2001. Extinguished solar systems and black holes: traces of estates in the Scandinavian Late Iron Age. In: B. Hårdh, ed. Uppåkra centrum och sammanhang. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 109–138.
  • Carlie, A., 2006. Ancient building cults: aspects of ritual traditions in southern Scandinavia. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert, and C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse religion in long term perspectives. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 206–211.
  • Caroll, J., Reynolds, A., and Yorke, B., eds., 2019a. Power and place in the early middle ages. London: British Academy.
  • Caroll, J., Reynolds, A., and Yorke, B., 2019b. Introduction. In: J. Caroll, A. Reynolds, and B. Yorke, eds. Power and place in the early middle ages. London: British Academy, 1–33.
  • Carstens, L., et al., 2015. Powerful space. The iron-age hall and its development during the Viking age. In: M.H. Eriksen, ed. Viking worlds: things, spaces and movement. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 12–17.
  • Cheney, W.A., 1970. The cult of kingship in Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Coatsworth, E., and Pinder, M., 2002. The art of the Anglo-Saxon goldsmith. Woodbridge: Boydell.
  • Conneller, C., 2011. An archaeology of materials. London: Routledge.
  • Cramp, R., 1957. Beowulf and archaeology. Medieval Archaeology, 1 (1), 57–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.1957.11735382
  • Crewe, V., 2012. Living with the past: the reuse of prehistoric monuments in Anglo-Saxon settlements. Oxford: BAR British Series, Vol. 573. Oxford: Archaeopress.
  • Darrah, R., 2007. Identifying the architectural features of Anglo-Saxon buildings at Flixborough, and an understanding of their structures. In: C. Loveluck, ed. Excavations at Flixborough. Vol 4: rural settlement, lifestyles and social change in the later first millennium AD: Anglo-Saxon Flixborough in its wider context. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 51–65.
  • Davies, W., Halsall, G., and Reynolds, A., eds., 2006. People and space in the middle ages, 300–1300. Turnhout: Brepols.
  • De Jong, M., Theuws, F., and Van Rhijn, C., eds., 2001. Topographies of power in the early middle ages. Leiden: Brill.
  • Dickinson, T.M., Fern, C., and Richardson, A., 2011. Early Anglo-Saxon Eastry: archaeological evidence for the beginnings of a district centre in the kingdom of Kent’. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 17, 1–86.
  • Dobres, M.A., 2000. Technology and social agency. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Drauschke, J., 2007. ‘Byzantine’ and ‘oriental’ imports in the Merovingian empire from the second half of the fifth to the beginning of the eighth century. In: A. Harris, ed. Incipient globalization? Long-distance contacts in the sixth century. BAR International Series, Vol. 1644. Oxford: Archaeopress, 53–73.
  • Eriksen, M.H., 2016. Commemorating dwelling: the death and burial of houses in iron and viking age Scandinavia. European Journal of Archaeology, 19 (3), 477–496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14619571.2016.1186918
  • Fabech, C., 1994. Reading society from the cultural landscape: south Scandinavia between sacral and political power. In: P.K. Nielsen, K. Randsborg, and H. Thrane, eds. The archaeology of Gudme and Lundeborg: papers presented at a conference at Svendborg, October 1991. Copenhagen: Universitetsforlaget, 169–183.
  • Fabech, C., 1999. Organising the landscape: a matter of production, power and religion. In: T. Dickinson and D. Griffiths, eds. The making of kingdoms. Papers from the 47th Sachsensymposium York, September 1996. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, Vol. 10. Oxford: Oxford University, Committee for Archaeology, 37–48.
  • Fabech, C., and Näsman, U., 2013. Ritual landscapes and sacral places in the first millennium AD in south Scandinavia’. In: S.W. Nordiede and S. Brink, eds. Sacred sites and holy places: exploring the sacralization of the landscape through space and time. Turnhout: Brepols, 53–109.
  • Faith, R., 1997. The English peasantry and the growth of lordship. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
  • Fern, C., Dickinson, T., and Webster, L.E., 2019. The staffordshire hoard: an Anglo-Saxon treasure. London: Society of Antiquaries of London.
  • Fewster, F., 2013. On Practice. In: A. Gardner, A.M. Lake, and U. Sommer, eds. The Oxford handbook of archaeological theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199567942.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199567942
  • Fletcher, R., 1997. The conversion of Europe: from paganism to Christianity 371–1386 AD. London: Harper Collins.
  • Gautier, A., 2009. Hospitality in pre-viking Anglo-Saxon England. Early Medieval Europe, 17 (1), 23–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00243.x
  • Geertz, C., 1977. Centres, kings and charisma: reflections on the symbolics of power. In: J. Ben-David and T.N. Clarke, eds. Culture and its creators: essays in honour of Edward Shils. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 150–171.
  • Geertz, C., 1980. Negara: the theatre state in nineteenth-century Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Giddens, A., 1979. Central problems in social theory. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Giddens, A., 1984. The constitution of society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Gilchrist, R., 2012. Medieval life: archaeology and the life course. Woodbridge: Boydell.
  • Gleeson, P., 2012. Constructing kingship in early medieval Ireland: power, place and ideology. Medieval Archaeology, 56 (1), 1–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/0076609712Z.0000000001
  • Gosden, C., and Lock, G., 1998. Prehistoric histories. World Archaeology, 30 (1), 2–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1998.9980393
  • Hamerow, H., et al., 2010. Herrenhöfe in Anglo-Saxon England. In: H. Jöns, ed. Settlement and coastal research in the southern North Sea region 33. Rahden: Marie Leidorf, 59–67.
  • Hamerow, H., 2012. Rural settlements and society in Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hamerow, H., and Brennan, N., 2015. An Anglo-Saxon great hall complex at Sutton Courtenay/Drayton,Oxfordshire: a royal centre of early Wessex? Archaeological Journal, 172, 325–350. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2015.1010369
  • Härke, H., 1997. Early Anglo-Saxon social structure. In: J. Hines, ed. The Anglo-Saxons from the migration period to the eighth century: an ethnographic perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell, 125–170.
  • Harris, A., 2003. Byzantium, Britain and the West: the archaeology of cultural identity AD 400–650. Stroud: Tempus.
  • Hedeager, L., 2001. Asgard reconstructed? Gudme – a ‘central place’ in the North’. In: M. De Jong, F. Theuws, and C. Van Rhijn, eds. Topographies of power in the early middle ages. Leiden: Brill, 467–509.
  • Hedeager, L., 2002. Scandinavian ‘central places’ in a cosmological setting’. In: B. Hårdh and L. Larsson, eds. Central places in the migration and Merovingian periods, papers from the 52nd Sachsensymposium. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 3–18.
  • Hedeager, L., 2011. Iron Age myth and materiality. Oxford: Routledge.
  • Herschend, F., 1998. The idea of the good in late iron age society. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press.
  • Hjärther-Holdar, E., Lamm, K., and Magnus, B., 2002. Metalworking and central places. In: B. Hårdh and L. Larsson, eds. Central places in the migration and Merovingian periods: papers from the 52nd Sachsensymposium. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 159–184.
  • Hooke, D., 1997. The Anglo-Saxons in England in the seventh and eighth centuries: aspects of location and space. In: J. Hines, ed. The Anglo-Saxons from the migration period to the eighth century: an ethnographic perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell, 65–85.
  • Hope-Taylor, B., 1977. Yeavering: an Anglo-British centre of early Northumbria. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.
  • Ingold, T., 2013. Making: anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture. London: Routledge.
  • Inomata, T., and Coben, L.S., eds., 2006a. Archaeology of performance. Lanham: Altermira Press.
  • Inomata, T., and Coben, L.S., 2006b. Overture: an invitation to the archaeological theatre. In: T. Inomata and L.S. Coben, eds. Archaeology of performance. Lanham: Altermira Press, 11–46.
  • James, S., Marshall, A., and Millett, M., 1984. An early medieval building tradition. Archaeological Journal, 141 (1), 182–215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1984.11077775
  • Jessen, M.D., et al., 2014. A palisade fit for a king: ideal architecture in King Harald bluetooth’s jelling. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 47 (1), 42–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2014.921239
  • Jørgensen, L., 2003. Manor and market at Lake Tissø in the sixth to eleventh centuries: the Danish ‘productive’ sites. In: T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider, eds. Markets in early medieval Europe: trading and ‘productive’ sites, 650–850. Macclesfield: Windgather, 175–207.
  • Jørgensen, L., 2009. Pre-Christian cult at aristocratic residences and settlement complexes in southern Scandinavia in the 3rd–10th centuries AD. In: U. von Freeden, H. Friesinger, and E. Wamers, eds. Glaube, Kult und Herrschaft: phänomene des Religiösen im 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr. in Mittel- und Nordeuropa. Bonn: Habelt, 329–354.
  • Jörpeland, L., et al., eds., 2018. At Upsalum – människor och landskapande. Utbyggnad av ostkustbanan genom Gamla Uppsala. Stockholm: Statens Historiska Museer.
  • Kuijpers, M.H.G., 2018. An archaeology of skill: metalworking skill and material specialization in early bronze age central Europe. London: Routledge.
  • Larsson, M., 2015. Agrarian plant economy at Uppåkra and the surrounding area: archaeobotanical studies of an iron age regional center. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series, Vol. 33. Lund: Lund University.
  • Larsson, M., 2018. Barley grain at Uppåkra, Sweden: evidence for selection in the iron age. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 27, 419–435.
  • Lavelle, R., 2007. Royal estates in Anglo-Saxon Wessex: land, politics and family strategies. BAR British Series, Vol. 439. Oxford: BAR Publishing.
  • Ljungkvist, J., and Frölund, P., 2015. Gamla Uppsala – the emergence of a centre and magnate complex. Journal of Archaeology and Ancient History, 16, 2–29.
  • Loveluck, C., 2013. Northwest Europe in the early middle ages c. AD 600-1150: a comparative archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ludowici, B., et al., eds., 2010. Trade and communication networks of the first millennium AD in the northern part of central Europe: central places, beach markets, landing places and trading centres. Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, Vol. 1. Hannover: Theiss.
  • Lund, J., and Arwill-Nordbladh, E., 2016. Commemorating dwelling: the death and burial of houses in iron and viking age Scandinavia. European Journal of Archaeology, 19 (3), 415–438. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14619571.2016.1193979
  • Marshall, A., and Marshall, G., 1993. Differentiation, change and continuity in Anglo-Saxon buildings’. Archaeological Journal, 150 (1), 366–402. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1993.11078058
  • McBride, A., 2020. The role of Anglo-Saxon great hall complexes in kingdom formation, in comparison and in context AD 500–750. Oxford: Archeopress.
  • Millett, M., and James, S., 1983. Excavations at Cowdery’s Down Basingstoke, Hampshire, 1978–81. Archaeological Journal, 140 (1), 151–279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1983.11077690
  • Näsman, U., 2000. Power and landscape in viking-age Denmark. In: E. Roesdahl and P.M. Sørensen, eds. Beretning fra nittende tværfaglige vikingesymposium. Højberg: Hikuin, 40–56.
  • Nielsen, K.H., 2014. Key issues concerning ‘central places’. In: E. Stidsing, K.H. Nielsen, and R. Fiedel, eds. Wealth and complexity: economically specialised sites in late Iron Age Denmark. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 11–50.
  • Noble, G., Gondek, M., and Campbell, E., 2013. Between prehistory and history: the archaeological detection of social change among the Picts. Antiquity, 87 (338), 1136–1150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049917
  • Nordberg, A., et al., 2019. Configurations in late iron age and viking age Scandinavia. In: K. Wilkström, ed. Myth, materiality, and lived religion in merovingian and viking Scandinavia. Stockholm: Stockholm University Press, 339–370.
  • O’Brien, C., 2002. The early medieval shires of Yeavering, Bamburgh and Breamish. Archaeologia Aeliana, 30, 53–73.
  • O’Brien, C., 2005. Gefrin: organisation, abandonment, aftermath. In: P. Fodsham and C. O’Brien, eds. Yeavering: people, power and place. Stroud: Tempus, 189–192.
  • Oakley, F., 2006. Kingship. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Pössel, C., 2009. The magic of early medieval ritual. Early Medieval Europe, 17 (2), 111–125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00256.x
  • Preston, B., 2013. A philosophy of material culture. London: Routledge.
  • Price, N., and Mortimer, P., 2014. An eye for Odin? Divine role-playing in the age of Sutton Hoo. European Journal of Archaeology, 17 (3), 517–538. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000050
  • Reckwitz, A., 2002. Toward a theory of social practices: a development in culturalist theorizing. European Journal of Social Theory, 5 (2), 243–263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310222225432
  • Reynolds, A., 2003. Boundaries and settlements in later sixth- to eleventh-century England. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 12, 98–136.
  • Reynolds, A., 2019. Spatial configurations of power in Anglo-Saxon England: sidelights on the relationships between boroughs, royal vills and hundreds. In: J. Carroll, A. Reynolds, and B. Yorke, eds. Power and place in Europe in the early middle ages. London: British Academy, 436–455.
  • Richards, P., 1980. Byzantine bronze vessels in Britain and Europe: the origins of Anglo-Saxon trade. Thesis (PhD). University of Cambridge.
  • Roach, L., 2013. Kingship and consent in Anglo-Saxon England, 871978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Robb, J., 2010. Beyond agency. World Archaeology, 42 (4), 493–520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2010.520856
  • Rollason, D.W., 2016. The power of place: rulers and their palaces, landscapes, cities, and holy places. Princeton N.J. and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Rood, J., 2017. Ascending the Steps to Hliðskjálf: The Cult of Óðinn in Early Scandinavian Aristocracy. Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Félagsvísindasvið. Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi.
  • Roscoe, P.B., 1993. Practice and political centralisation: a new approach to political evolution [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 34 (2), 111–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/204149
  • Sánchez-Pardo, J., and Shapland, M., eds., 2015. Churches and social power in early medieval Europe: integrating archaeological and historical approaches. Turnhout: Brepols.
  • Sawyer, P., 1983. The royal tun in pre-conquest England. In: P. Wormald, ed. Ideal and reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon society. Oxford: Blackwell, 273–299.
  • Scull, C., 2019. Archaeology and geographies of jurisdiction: evidence from South-East Suffolk in the 7th Century. In: J. Caroll, A. Reynolds, and B. Yorke, eds. Power and place in Europe in the early middle ages. London: British Academy, 392–413.
  • Scull, C., Minter, F., and Plouviez, J., 2016. Social and economic complexity in early medieval England: a central place complex of the East Anglian Kingdom at Rendlesham, Suffolk’. Antiquity, 90 (354), 1594–1612. doi:https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.186
  • Scull, C., and Thomas, G., 2020. Early Medieval great hall complexes in England: temporality and site biographies. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 22, 50–67.
  • Scull, C., and Williamson, T., 2018. New light on Rendlesham: lordship and landscape in East Anglia, 400–800ʹ. The Historian, 138, 6–11.
  • Semple, S., 2013. Perceptions of the prehistoric in Anglo-Saxon England: religion, ritual, and rulership in the landscape. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Semple, S., et al., 2017. Power at the edge: yeavering, Northumberland, England’. In: S. Semple, C. Orsini, and S. Mui, eds. Life on the edge: social, political and religious frontiers in early medieval Europe. Neue Studien zur Sachsenforshung, Vol. 6. Braunschweig: Verlag Uwe Krebs, 91–112.
  • Semple, S., and Sanmark, A., 2013. Assembly in North West Europe: collective concerns for early societies? European Journal of Archaeology, 16 (3), 518–542. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000035
  • Semple, S., and Williams, H., eds., 2007. Early medieval mortuary practices. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, Vol. 14. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.
  • Shove, E., Pantzar, M., and Watson, M., 2012. The dynamics of social practice: everyday life and how it changes. London: Sage.
  • Skre, D., 2020. Rulership and ruler’s sites in 1st- to 10th-century Scandinavia. In: D. Skre, ed. Rulership in 1st to 14th century Scandinavia: royal graves and sites at Avaldsnes and beyond. Berlin: De Gruyter, 193–243.
  • Smith, A.T., 2011. Archaeologies of sovereignty. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40 (1), 415–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145754.
  • Steinsland, G., et al., eds., 2011a. Ideology and power in the viking and middle ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes. Leiden: Brill.
  • Steinsland, G., et al., 2011b. Introduction. In: G. Steinsland, ed. Ideology and power in the viking and middle ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes. Leiden: Brill, 1–15.
  • Stenholm, A.M.H., 2006. Past memories. Spatial returning as ritualised remembrance. In: A. Andrén, K. Jennbert, and C. Raudvere, eds. Old Norse religion in long term perspectives. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 341–345.
  • Stidsing, E., et al., eds., 2014. Wealth and complexity: economically specialised sites in late iron age Denmark. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
  • Sundqvist, O., 2002. Freyr’s offspring: rulers and religion in ancient svea society. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet.
  • Sundqvist, O., 2012. ‘Religious ruler ideology’ in pre-Christian Scandinavia: a contextual approach. In: C. Raudvere and J.P. Schjødt, eds. More than mythology: narratives, ritual practices and regional distribution in pre-Christian Scandinavian religions. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 225–262.
  • Sundqvist, O., 2016. An arena for higher powers: ceremonial buildings and religious strategies for rulership in late iron age Scandinavia. Leiden: Brill.
  • Skre, D., in press. ‘Scandinavian kingship AD 500-1000’. Neue Studien zur Sachsenforschung, vol. 11.
  • Sykes, N.J., 2007. The Norman conquest: a ooarchaeological perspective. BAR International Series, Vol. 1656. Oxford: Archaeopress.
  • Thomas, G., 2011. Overview: craft production and technology. In: H. Hamerow, D.A. Hinton, and S. Crawford, eds. The Oxford handbook of Anglo-Saxon archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 405–422.
  • Thomas, G., 2013. Life before the minster: the social dynamics of monastic foundation at Anglo-Saxon Lyminge, Kent. The Antiquaries Journal, 93, 109–145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581513000206
  • Thomas, G., et al., 2016. Technology, ritual and Anglo-Saxon agriculture: the biography of a plough coulter from Lyminge, Kent. Antiquity, 90 (351), 742–758. doi:https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.73
  • Thomas, G., 2017a. Monasteries and places of power in pre-viking England: trajectories, relationships and interactions. In: G. Thomas and A. Knox, eds. Early medieval monasticism in the North Sea zone. Proceedings of a conference held to celebrate the conclusion of the Lyminge excavations 2008–15. Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, Vol. 20. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology, 97–116.
  • Thomas, G., et al., 2017b. Religious transformations in the middle ages: towards a new archaeological agenda. Medieval Archaeology, 61 (2), 300–329. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2017.1374764
  • Thomas, G., 2018. Mead-halls of the Oiscingas: a New Kentish perspective on the Anglo-Saxon great hall complex phenomenon. Medieval Archaeology, 62 (2), 262–303. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2018.1535386
  • Turnbull, D., 1993. The ad hoc collective work of building gothic cathedrals with templates, string, and geometry. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 18 (3), 315–340. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/016224399301800304
  • Ulmschneider, K., 2011. Settlement hierarchy. In: H. Hamerow, D.A. Hinton, and S. Crawford, eds. The Oxford handbook of Anglo-Saxon archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 156–171.
  • Walker, J., 2010. In the hall. In: M. Carver, A. Sanmark, and S. Semple, eds. Signals of belief in early England. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 83–102.
  • Walker, J., 2011. The recursive structuring of space: socio-political and religious performance in the hall. In: D. Petts and S. Turner, eds. Early medieval Northumbria: kingdoms and communities AD 450–1100. Turnhout: Brepols, 221–239.
  • Ware, C., 2005. The social use of space at Gefrin. In: P. Frodsham and C. O’Brien, eds. Yeavering: people, power and place. Stroud: Tempus, 153–160.
  • Warner, P., 1996. The origins of Suffolk. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Webster, L.E., 2002. Archaeology and Beowulf. In: D. Donoghue, ed. Beowulf: a verse translation. New York and London: W.W. Norton, 212–236.
  • Webster, L.E., 2012. Anglo-Saxon art. London: British Museum Press.
  • Wood, I., 2008. Monasteries and the geography of power in the age of Bede. Northern History, 45 (1), 11–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/174587008X256584
  • Wright, D.W., 2019. Crafters of kingship: smiths, elite power, and gender in early medieval Europe. Medieval Archaeology, 63 (2), 271–297. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2019.1670922
  • Yorke, B., 1990. Kings and kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England. London: Routledge.
  • Yorke, B., 2006. The conversion of Britain 600–800. Harlow: Pearson Longman.